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Stanza 9.91.1
अस॑र्जि॒ वक्वा॒ रथ्ये॒ यथा॒जौ धि॒या म॒नोता॑ प्रथ॒मो म॑नी॒षी | दश॒ स्वसा॑रो॒ अधि॒ सानो॒ अव्येऽज॑न्ति॒ वह्निं॒ सद॑ना॒न्यच्छ॑ ||
ásarji vákvā ráthye yáthājaú dhiyā́ manótā prathamó manīṣī́ dáśa svásāro ádhi sā́no ávyé 'janti váhniṁ sádanāny ácha
Like a chariot beginning a race, the skillful speaker, the chief, the sage, the inventor, has been set in motion by thought. The ten sisters drive the chariot towards its destinations, upon the highest peak.
This verse describes the activation of the divine "speaker" or "essence" (Vakvan) like a chariot starting in a race. It is propelled by intellect and thought, initiated by a wise sage. Ten "sisters" (possibly rays of light or divine energies) are depicted driving the divine chariot towards its resting places, suggesting a cosmic movement or process.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अस॑र्जि वक्वा रथ्ये यथा आजौ ásarji vákvā ráthye yáthā ājaú (11 syllables)
- B. धिया मनोता प्रथमो मनीषी dhiyā́ manótā prathamáḥ manīṣī́ (11 syllables)
- C. दश स्वसारो अधि सानो अव्ये dáśa svásāraḥ ádhi sā́no ávye (11 syllables)
- D. अजन्ति वह्निं सदनानि अच्छ ájanti váhnim sádanāni ácha (11 syllables)
अस॑र्जि (ásarji)
was set in motion, was released
वक्वा (vákvā)
the speaker, the divine voice
रथ्ये (ráthye)
in a chariot-contest, in a race
यथा (yáthā)
as, like
आजौ (ājaú)
in the contest, in the race
धिया (dhiyā́)
by intellect, by thought
मनोता (manótā)
the establisher, the establisher of order
प्रथमो (prathamáḥ)
the first, the chief
मनीषी (manīṣī́)
the wise, the sage, the thinker
दश (dáśa)
ten
स्वसारो (svásāraḥ)
sisters
अधि (ádhi)
upon, over
सानो (sā́no)
on the summit, on the peak
अव्ये (ávye)
in the sky, in the atmosphere
अजन्ति (ájanti)
they drive, they impel
वह्निं (váhnim)
the carrier, the chariot
सदनानि (sádanāni)
dwelling places, abodes
अच्छ (ácha)
towards, to
Stanza 9.91.2
वी॒ती जन॑स्य दि॒व्यस्य॑ क॒व्यैरधि॑ सुवा॒नो न॑हु॒ष्ये॑भि॒रिन्दुः॑ | प्र यो नृभि॑र॒मृतो॒ मर्त्ये॑भिर्मर्मृजा॒नोऽवि॑भि॒र्गोभि॑र॒द्भिः ||
vītī́ jánasya divyásya kavyaír ádhi suvānó nahuṣyèbhir índuḥ prá yó nŕ̥bhir amŕ̥to mártyebhir marmr̥jānó 'vibhir góbhir adbhíḥ
The Soma juice, pressed by the wise Nahushyas, becomes an offering for the heavenly beings. Indu, immortal and radiant, is prepared by mortal hands, and is purified by sheep, cows, and waters.
This stanza focuses on the Soma juice, described as "Indu." It is pressed and prepared by the "Nahuṣyas" (a royal or priestly lineage) and becomes an offering or food for the "heavenly people." The Soma juice is depicted as being purified and made radiant by human hands, remaining immortal even as it is consumed by mortals. Its purification is associated with natural elements like sheep, cows, and water, symbolizing its purity and divine essence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वीती जनस्य दिव्यस्य कव्यैः vītī́ jánasya divyásya kavyaíḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अधि सुवानो नहुष्येभिः इन्दुः ádhi suvānáḥ nahuṣyèbhiḥ índuḥ (11 syllables)
- C. प्र यः नृभिः अमृतो मर्त्येभिः prá yáḥ nŕ̥bhiḥ amŕ̥taḥ mártyebhiḥ (11 syllables)
- D. मर्मृजानो अविभिः गोभिः अद्भिः marmr̥jānáḥ ávibhiḥ góbhiḥ adbhíḥ (11 syllables)
वीती (vītī́)
by the rite, by the offering
जनस्य (jánasya)
of the people, of the race
दिव्यस्य (divyásya)
of the divine, of the heavenly
कव्यैः (kavyaíḥ)
by the poets, by the wise
अधि (ádhi)
upon, over
सुवानो (suvānáḥ)
pressed, extracted
नहुष्येभिः (nahuṣyèbhiḥ)
by the Nahushyas
इन्दुः (índuḥ)
the Soma drop, the drop of nectar
प्र (prá)
forth, forward
यः (yáḥ)
who, which
नृभिः (nŕ̥bhiḥ)
by men, by heroes
अमृतो (amŕ̥taḥ)
immortal
मर्त्येभिः (mártyebhiḥ)
by mortals
मर्मृजानो (marmr̥jānáḥ)
purifying himself, cleansing himself
अविभिः (ávibhiḥ)
by sheep
गोभिः (góbhiḥ)
by cows
अद्भिः (adbhíḥ)
by waters
Stanza 9.91.3
वृषा॒ वृष्णे॒ रोरु॑वदं॒शुर॑स्मै॒ पव॑मानो॒ रुश॑दीर्ते॒ पयो॒ गोः | स॒हस्र॒मृक्वा॑ प॒थिभि॑र्वचो॒विद॑ध्व॒स्मभिः॒ सूरो॒ अण्वं॒ वि या॑ति ||
vŕ̥ṣā vŕ̥ṣṇe róruvad aṁśúr asmai pávamāno rúśad īrte páyo góḥ sahásram ŕ̥kvā pathíbhir vacovíd adhvasmábhiḥ sū́ro áṇvaṁ ví yāti
The potent one roars for the potent one; this purifying juice rushes towards the white milk of the cow. The hymn-singer, like the sun moving on its paths, pervades the subtle essence.
This verse uses powerful imagery to describe the Soma juice, calling it "Vrisha" (strong, potent). It roars or flows towards another "Vrisha" (the divine offering or sustenance). The Soma, "Pavamana" (purifying), moves towards the "white milk of the cow," symbolizing its transformation into a life-giving essence. The verse compares the Soma's movement and brilliance to the sun, "Sura," traversing its paths, highlighting its radiant and life-affirming qualities.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वृषा वृष्णे रोरुवदं अंशु अस्मै vŕ̥ṣā vŕ̥ṣṇe róruvat aṃśúḥ asmai (11 syllables)
- B. पवमानो रुशदीर्ते इर्ते पयो गोः pávamānaḥ rúśat īrte páyaḥ góḥ (11 syllables)
- C. सहस्रं ऋक्वा पथिभिः वचोविदं sahásram ŕ̥kvā pathíbhiḥ vacovít (11 syllables)
- D. अध्वस्मभिः सូរ अणं वि याति adhvasmábhiḥ sū́raḥ áṇvam ví yāti (11 syllables)
वृषा (vŕ̥ṣā)
the strong one, the bull
वृष्णे (vŕ̥ṣṇe)
for the strong one, for the bull
रोरुवदं (róruvat)
roaring, crying out
अंशु (aṃśúḥ)
the ray, the drop (of Soma)
अस्मै (asmai)
for him, to him
पवमानो (pávamānaḥ)
purifying, flowing
रुशदीर्ते (rúśat)
shining, white
इर्ते (īrte)
moves, flows
पयो (páyaḥ)
milk, nourishment
गोः (góḥ)
of the cow
सहस्रं (sahásram)
a thousand
ऋक्वा (ŕ̥kvā)
the singer, the poet
पथिभिः (pathíbhiḥ)
by paths, by ways
वचोविदं (vacovít)
knowing speech, eloquent
अध्वस्मभिः (adhvasmábhiḥ)
by paths, by journeys
सូរ (sū́raḥ)
the sun, the brilliant one
अणं (áṇvam)
subtle, minute
वि (ví)
apart, widely
याति (yāti)
goes, moves
Stanza 9.91.4
रु॒जा दृ॒ळ्हा चि॑द्र॒क्षसः॒ सदां॑सि पुना॒न इ॑न्द ऊर्णुहि॒ वि वाजा॑न् | वृ॒श्चोपरि॑ष्टात्तुज॒ता व॒धेन॒ ये अन्ति॑ दू॒रादु॑पना॒यमे॑षाम् ||
rujā́ dr̥ḷhā́ cid rakṣásaḥ sádāṁsi punāná inda ūrṇuhi ví vā́jān vr̥ścópáriṣṭāt tujatā́ vadhéna yé ánti dūrā́d upanāyám eṣām
Break down, O Indu, even the strong seats of the demons. While purifying yourself, clothe yourself in strength. Rend them with your swift bolt from above, those who are near and those who are distant.
This verse is a powerful command directed at the Soma juice, "Indu." It is instructed to "break down" the strongholds of the "demons" (Rakshasah). While purifying itself, Soma is told to "rob" or envelop itself in "vigor." It is urged to "rend" these demonic abodes with a swift "bolt" or weapon, targeting those who are both near and far, suggesting a cosmic battle for purity and order.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दृळ्हा चि रक्षसः सदांसि rujá + dr̥ḷhā́ cit rakṣásaḥ sádāṃsi (12 syllables)
- B. पुनानो इन्दो उर्णुहि वि वाजान् punānáḥ indo ūrṇuhi ví vā́jān (11 syllables)
- C. वृश्च उपोरिष्टात् तुजता वधेन vr̥ścá upáriṣṭāt tujatā́ vadhéna (11 syllables)
- D. ये अन्ति दूरादु पनायमे एषाम् yé ánti dūrā́t upanāyám eṣām (11 syllables)
(rujá +)
दृळ्हा (dr̥ḷhā́)
strong, firm
चि (cit)
even, indeed
रक्षसः (rakṣásaḥ)
of the demons
सदांसि (sádāṃsi)
seats, dwellings
पुनानो (punānáḥ)
purifying
इन्दो (indo)
O Indu (Soma)
उर्णुहि (ūrṇuhi)
cover, envelop
वि (ví)
apart, widely
वाजान् (vā́jān)
strengths, energies
वृश्च (vr̥ścá)
cut, cleave
उपोरिष्टात् (upáriṣṭāt)
from above
तुजता (tujatā́)
striking, impelling
वधेन (vadhéna)
by the blow, by the weapon
ये (yé)
who, those who
अन्ति (ánti)
near
दूरादु (dūrā́t)
from afar
पनायमे (upanāyám)
approach, coming near
एषाम् (eṣām)
of them
Stanza 9.91.5
स प्र॑त्न॒वन्नव्य॑से विश्ववार सू॒क्ताय॑ प॒थः कृ॑णुहि॒ प्राचः॑ | ये दुः॒षहा॑सो व॒नुषा॑ बृ॒हन्त॒स्ताँस्ते॑ अश्याम पुरुकृत्पुरुक्षो ||
sá pratnaván návyase viśvavāra sūktā́ya patháḥ kr̥ṇuhi prā́caḥ yé duḥṣáhāso vanúṣā br̥hántas tā́ṁs te aśyāma purukr̥t purukṣo
O you who give all bounties, prepare the forward paths for the new hymn, like the ancient ones. May we obtain from you, the doer of much, the food-bestower, those paths which are difficult to conquer and are high.
This verse is a plea to the divine being addressed as "Viśvavāra" (Giver of all bounties). The supplicant asks this being to "prepare" new and "forward" paths, like ancient ones, for the "new hymn." The verse then describes these paths as being "hard for foes to conquer" and "high." The supplicant expresses a desire to "gain" or achieve these paths through the divine being's favor, recognizing the being's power as "Purukrit" (one who does much) and "Purukṣo" (one who is greatly praised).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. स प्रत्नवन्न नव्यसे विश्ववार sá pratnavát návyase viśvavāra (11 syllables)
- B. सूक्ताय पथः कृणुहि प्राचः sūktā́ya patháḥ kr̥ṇuhi prā́caḥ (11 syllables)
- C. ये दुःषहासो वनुषा बृ्हन्त yé duḥṣáhāsaḥ vanúṣā br̥hántaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. ताँ ते अश्याम पुरुकृत् पुरुक्षो tā́n te aśyāma purukr̥t purukṣo (11 syllables)
स (sá)
he, that one
प्रत्नवन्न (pratnavát)
in an ancient manner
नव्यसे (návyase)
for the new
विश्ववार (viśvavāra)
giving all bounties
सूक्ताय (sūktā́ya)
for the hymn, for the good saying
पथः (patháḥ)
paths
कृणुहि (kr̥ṇuhi)
make, create
प्राचः (prā́caḥ)
forward, eastward
ये (yé)
which, those which
दुःषहासो (duḥṣáhāsaḥ)
hard to conquer, difficult
वनुषा (vanúṣā)
by the conqueror, by the enemy
बृ्हन्त (br̥hántaḥ)
great, large
ताँ (tā́n)
them
ते (te)
from you
अश्याम (aśyāma)
may we reach, may we gain
पुरुकृत् (purukr̥t)
doer of much, performer
पुरुक्षो (purukṣo)
greatly praised, bestower of much
Stanza 9.91.6
ए॒वा पु॑ना॒नो अ॒पः स्व१॒॑र्गा अ॒स्मभ्यं॑ तो॒का तन॑यानि॒ भूरि॑ | शं नः॒ क्षेत्र॑मु॒रु ज्योतीं॑षि सोम॒ ज्योङ्नः॒ सूर्यं॑ दृ॒शये॑ रिरीहि ||
evā́ punānó apáḥ svàr gā́ asmábhyaṁ tokā́ tánayāni bhū́ri śáṁ naḥ kṣétram urú jyótīṁṣi soma jyóṅ naḥ sū́ryaṁ dr̥śáye rirīhi
Thus purifying yourself, O Soma, grant us waters, heaven's light, and cows, offspring, and many children. Grant us health, wide land, and lights. Grant us long to see the sun.
This final verse is a prayer to Soma, who is in the process of purifying himself. The supplicant asks Soma to bestow upon them "waters," "heaven's light," and "cows," as well as "offspring and many children." They pray for "health," "ample land," and "lights." The verse concludes with a request for Soma to grant them a long time to "look upon the sunshine," signifying a desire for long life, prosperity, and clear vision.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. एवा पुनानो अपः स्वर् गाः evá + punānáḥ apáḥ svàr gā́ḥ (10 syllables)
- B. अस्मभ्यं तोका तनयानि भूरि asmábhyam tokā́ tánayāni bhū́ri (11 syllables)
- C. शं नः क्षेत्रमु उरु ज्योतींषि सोम śám naḥ kṣétram urú jyótīṃṣi soma (11 syllables)
- D. ज्योङ्नः नः सूर्यं दृशये रिरिहि jyók naḥ sū́ryam dr̥śáye rirīhi (11 syllables)
एवा (evá +)
thus, so
पुनानो (punānáḥ)
purifying
अपः (apáḥ)
waters
स्वर् (svàr)
heaven, sky
गाः (gā́ḥ)
cows, cattle
अस्मभ्यं (asmábhyam)
for us
तोका (tokā́)
offspring, children
तनयानि (tánayāni)
descendants, sons
भूरि (bhū́ri)
much, abundant
शं (śám)
welfare, health
नः (naḥ)
to us
क्षेत्रमु (kṣétram)
land, field
उरु (urú)
wide, ample
ज्योतींषि (jyótīṃṣi)
lights, splendors
सोम (soma)
O Soma
ज्योङ्नः (jyók)
long (time)
नः (naḥ)
to us
सूर्यं (sū́ryam)
the sun
दृशये (dr̥śáye)
for seeing, to see
रिरिहि (rirīhi)
grant, bestow