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Stanza 5.77.1
प्रा॒त॒र्यावा॑णा प्रथ॒मा य॑जध्वं पु॒रा गृध्रा॒दर॑रुषः पिबातः | प्रा॒तर्हि य॒ज्ञम॒श्विना॑ द॒धाते॒ प्र शं॑सन्ति क॒वयः॑ पूर्व॒भाजः॑ ||
prātaryā́vāṇā prathamā́ yajadhvam purā́ gŕ̥dhrād áraruṣaḥ pibātaḥ prātár hí yajñám aśvínā dadhā́te prá śaṁsanti kaváyaḥ pūrvabhā́jaḥ
Worship, O people, the twin Ashwins who travel at dawn, the first ones. Before the stingy, before the unworthy, they drink. The Ashwins accept the morning sacrifice; the wise poets praise them as the first partakers.
This stanza is an invocation, urging worshippers to honor the twin Ashwin deities early in the morning. It emphasizes their swiftness and the importance of offering sacrifices to them before dawn, suggesting that such timely devotion is preferred over offerings made by those who are stingy or lack generosity. The poets or sages are depicted as recognizing and praising the Ashwins as the primary recipients of these early offerings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्रा॒त॒र्यावा॑णा प्रथ॒मा य॑जध्वं prātaryā́vāṇā prathamā́ yajadhvam (11 syllables)
- B. पु॒रा गृध्रा॒त अर॑रुषः पिबातः purā́ gŕ̥dhrāt áraruṣaḥ pibātaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. प्रा॒त॒ हि य॒ज्ञम अ॒श्विना द॒धाते prātár hí yajñám aśvínā dadhā́te (11 syllables)
- D. प्र शं॑सन्ति क॒वयः पूर्व॒भाजः prá śaṃsanti kaváyaḥ pūrvabhā́jaḥ (11 syllables)
प्रा॒त॒र्यावा॑णा (prātaryā́vāṇā)
travelers of the dawn
प्रथ॒मा (prathamā́)
first
य॑जध्वं (yajadhvam)
worship (you all)
पु॒रा (purā́)
before
गृध्रा॒त (gŕ̥dhrāt)
from the greedy/stingy one
अर॑रुषः (áraruṣaḥ)
from the unworthy/unthankful one
पिबातः (pibātaḥ)
they (dual) drink
प्रा॒त॒ (prātár)
at dawn
हि (hí)
indeed/truly
य॒ज्ञम (yajñám)
sacrifice
अ॒श्विना (aśvínā)
Ashwins (the twin deities)
द॒धाते (dadhā́te)
they (dual) accept/hold
प्र (prá)
forward/forth
शं॑सन्ति (śaṃsanti)
they praise/proclaim
क॒वयः (kaváyaḥ)
poets/seers
पूर्व॒भाजः (pūrvabhā́jaḥ)
partakers of the first share
Stanza 5.77.2
प्रा॒तर्य॑जध्वम॒श्विना॑ हिनोत॒ न सा॒यम॑स्ति देव॒या अजु॑ष्टम् | उ॒तान्यो अ॒स्मद्य॑जते॒ वि चावः॒ पूर्वः॑पूर्वो॒ यज॑मानो॒ वनी॑यान् ||
prātár yajadhvam aśvínā hinota ná sāyám asti devayā́ ájuṣṭam utā́nyó asmád yajate ví cā́vaḥ pū́rvaḥ-pūrvo yájamāno vánīyān
Worship the Ashwins in the morning; urge them on. Evening is not the time for divine acceptance. If another worships us [or worships instead of us], he gains favor. Whoever worships first, successively, is the most desirable.
This verse continues the call to worship the Ashwins, specifically advocating for morning rituals. It states that evening worship is not as effective or preferred. The stanza contrasts the timely devotion of those who worship in the morning with others who may worship at other times, suggesting that the Ashwins favor those who are diligent and consistent in their early morning devotions, making them more worthy.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्रा॒त॒ य॑जध्वम अ॒श्विना हि॒नो॒त prātár yajadhvam aśvínā hinota (11 syllables)
- B. न सा॒य॒ अ॒स्ति दे॒व॒या अजु॑ष्टम् ná sāyám asti devayā́ḥ ájuṣṭam (11 syllables)
- C. उ॒ता अ॒न्यो अ॒स्मत् य॑जते वि च आवः utá anyáḥ asmát yajate ví ca ā́vaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. पूर्वः॑ य॑जमानः वनी॑यान् pū́rvaḥ-pūrvaḥ yájamānaḥ vánīyān (11 syllables)
प्रा॒त॒ (prātár)
at dawn
य॑जध्वम (yajadhvam)
worship (you all)
अ॒श्विना (aśvínā)
Ashwins
हि॒नो॒त (hinota)
urge on/inspire (you all)
न (ná)
not
सा॒य॒ (sāyám)
in the evening
अ॒स्ति (asti)
is
दे॒व॒या (devayā́ḥ)
the worshipper/one devoted to the gods
अजु॑ष्टम् (ájuṣṭam)
unaccepted/disliked
उ॒ता (utá)
and
अ॒न्यो (anyáḥ)
another
अ॒स्मत् (asmát)
from us/than us
य॑जते (yajate)
he worships
वि (ví)
apart/away
च (ca)
and
आवः (ā́vaḥ)
he shines forth/gains
पूर्वः॑ (pū́rvaḥ-pūrvaḥ)
each one preceding/first
य॑जमानः (yájamānaḥ)
the worshipper
वनी॑यान् (vánīyān)
most desirable/most favored
Stanza 5.77.3
हिर॑ण्यत्व॒ङ्मधु॑वर्णो घृ॒तस्नुः॒ पृक्षो॒ वह॒न्ना रथो॑ वर्तते वाम् | मनो॑जवा अश्विना॒ वात॑रंहा॒ येना॑तिया॒थो दु॑रि॒तानि॒ विश्वा॑ ||
híraṇyatvaṅ mádhuvarṇo ghr̥tásnuḥ pŕ̥kṣo váhann ā́ rátho vartate vām mánojavā aśvinā vā́taraṁhā yénātiyāthó duritā́ni víśvā
Your chariot, golden-hued, honey-colored, and flowing with richness, carrying food, moves. O Ashwins, swift as thought and wind-swift, by which you traverse all difficulties.
This stanza describes the magnificent chariot of the Ashwins. It is depicted as being golden, shimmering with a honey-like color, and dripping with richness (like ghee). Their chariot, carrying sustenance and propelled by immense speed comparable to thought and the wind, moves swiftly. The stanza highlights their ability to overcome all obstacles and difficulties as they travel.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. हिर॑ण्यत्व॒ म॒धु॒वर्णो घृ॒त॒स्नुः híraṇyatvak mádhuvarṇaḥ ghr̥tásnuḥ (11 syllables)
- B. पृक्षो व॒ह॒ आ रथो वर्तते वाम् pŕ̥kṣaḥ váhan ā́ ráthaḥ vartate vām (11 syllables)
- C. मनो॑जवा अश्वि॑ना वा॒त॒रंहाः mánojavāḥ aśvinā vā́taraṃhāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. येना अतिया॒थो दु॒रि॒तानि विश्वा yéna atiyātháḥ duritā́ni víśvā (11 syllables)
हिर॑ण्यत्व॒ (híraṇyatvak)
having golden skin/covering
म॒धु॒वर्णो (mádhuvarṇaḥ)
honey-colored
घृ॒त॒स्नुः (ghr̥tásnuḥ)
dripping with ghee/richness
पृक्षो (pŕ̥kṣaḥ)
food/nourishment (plural)
व॒ह॒ (váhan)
carrying/bringing
आ (ā́)
towards/upon
रथो (ráthaḥ)
chariot
वर्तते (vartate)
moves/travels
वाम् (vām)
your (dual)
मनो॑जवा (mánojavāḥ)
swift as thought
अश्वि॑ना (aśvinā)
O Ashwins
वा॒त॒रंहाः (vā́taraṃhāḥ)
swift as the wind
येना (yéna)
by which
अतिया॒थो (atiyātháḥ)
you (dual) cross over
दु॒रि॒तानि (duritā́ni)
difficulties/hardships (plural)
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
Stanza 5.77.4
यो भूयि॑ष्ठं॒ नास॑त्याभ्यां वि॒वेष॒ चनि॑ष्ठं पि॒त्वो रर॑ते विभा॒गे | स तो॒कम॑स्य पीपर॒च्छमी॑भि॒रनू॑र्ध्वभासः॒ सद॒मित्तु॑तुर्यात् ||
yó bhū́yiṣṭhaṁ nā́satyābhyāṁ vivéṣa cániṣṭham pitvó rárate vibhāgé sá tokám asya pīparac chámībhir ánūrdhvabhāsaḥ sádam ít tuturyāt
He who has most thoroughly entered into service with the Nasatyas (Ashwins), and in distribution enjoys the sweetest food, he nourishes his offspring with his sacred rites. He surpasses those whose flames [offerings] do not rise.
This verse describes a devotee who has consistently served the Ashwins ('Nasatyas') and offered the sweetest sustenance during distributions. Such a person is portrayed as being able to nourish their own offspring with their spiritual efforts and practices. They are contrasted with those who do not perform these rituals or whose spiritual practices are less effective, implying that the former gains divine favor and overcomes adversely.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यो भूयि॑ष्ठं नास॑त्याभ्यां वि॒वेष yáḥ bhū́yiṣṭham nā́satyābhyām vivéṣa (11 syllables)
- B. चनि॑ष्ठं पि॒त्वो र॑रते वि॒भा॒गे cániṣṭham pitváḥ rárate vibhāgé (11 syllables)
- C. स तो॒कम अस्य पी॒पर॒ शमी॑भिः sá tokám asya pīparat śámībhiḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अनू॑र्ध्वभासः सद इत् तु॒तु॒र्यात् ánūrdhvabhāsaḥ sádam ít tuturyāt (11 syllables)
यो (yáḥ)
he who
भूयि॑ष्ठं (bhū́yiṣṭham)
most abundantly/most thoroughly
नास॑त्याभ्यां (nā́satyābhyām)
with the Nasatyas (Ashwins)
वि॒वेष (vivéṣa)
entered into/served
चनि॑ष्ठं (cániṣṭham)
sweetest/most pleasant
पि॒त्वो (pitváḥ)
of food/sustenance
र॑रते (rárate)
he enjoys/takes delight
वि॒भा॒गे (vibhāgé)
in distribution/sharing
स (sá)
he
तो॒कम (tokám)
offspring/child
अस्य (asya)
his
पी॒पर॒ (pīparat)
he nourishes/fills
शमी॑भिः (śámībhiḥ)
with sacred rites/powers
अनू॑र्ध्वभासः (ánūrdhvabhāsaḥ)
whose flames do not rise upwards (implying ineffective rituals)
सद (sádam)
always/constantly
इत् (ít)
indeed/truly
तु॒तु॒र्यात् (tuturyāt)
he surpasses/overcomes
Stanza 5.77.5
सम॒श्विनो॒रव॑सा॒ नूत॑नेन मयो॒भुवा॑ सु॒प्रणी॑ती गमेम | आ नो॑ र॒यिं व॑हत॒मोत वी॒राना विश्वा॑न्यमृता॒ सौभ॑गानि ||
sám aśvínor ávasā nū́tanena mayobhúvā supráṇītī gamema ā́ no rayíṁ vahatam ótá vīrā́n ā́ víśvāny amr̥tā saúbhagāni
May we attain the newest help of the Ashwins, the joy-bringing, well-guided ones. Bring us wealth, and heroes, and all immortal blessings and prosperity.
This concluding stanza is a prayer for the blessings of the Ashwins. The speaker and their group ask to receive the Ashwins' latest help and guidance, which brings well-being and prosperity. They specifically request the divine twins to bring them wealth, strong descendants (heroes), and all kinds of auspiciousness and abundance, invoking them as 'immortals'.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. स॒म अश्वि॑नोः अ॒व॒सा नू॒त॒नेन sám aśvínoḥ ávasā nū́tanena (11 syllables)
- B. म॒यो॒भुवा सु॒प्र॒णी॑ती ग॒मे॒म mayobhúvā supráṇītī gamema (11 syllables)
- C. आ नः र॒यिं व॒ह॒त॒म आ उ॒त वी॒रान ā́ naḥ rayím vahatam ā́ utá vīrā́n (11 syllables)
- D. आ विश्वा॑नि अ॒मृता सौभ॑गानि ā́ víśvāni amr̥tā saúbhagāni (11 syllables)
स॒म (sám)
together/completely
अश्वि॑नोः (aśvínoḥ)
of the Ashwins
अ॒व॒सा (ávasā)
with protection/help
नू॒त॒नेन (nū́tanena)
newest/fresh
म॒यो॒भुवा (mayobhúvā)
causing joy/well-being
सु॒प्र॒णी॑ती (supráṇītī)
well-guided/well-led
ग॒मे॒म (gamema)
may we attain/reach
आ (ā́)
and
नः (naḥ)
to us
र॒यिं (rayím)
wealth
व॒ह॒त॒म (vahatam)
bring (you dual)
आ (ā́)
and
उ॒त (utá)
and
वी॒रान (vīrā́n)
heroes/strong men
आ (ā́)
and
विश्वा॑नि (víśvāni)
all
अ॒मृता (amr̥tā)
O immortal ones (Ashwins)
सौभ॑गानि (saúbhagāni)
auspiciousness/good fortune