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Stanza 10.79.1
अप॑श्यमस्य मह॒तो म॑हि॒त्वमम॑र्त्यस्य॒ मर्त्या॑सु वि॒क्षु | नाना॒ हनू॒ विभृ॑ते॒ सं भ॑रेते॒ असि॑न्वती॒ बप्स॑ती॒ भूर्य॑त्तः ||
ápaśyam asya maható mahitvám ámartyasya mártyāsu vikṣú nā́nā hánū víbhr̥te sám bharete ásinvatī bápsatī bhū́ry attaḥ
I have seen the great might of this immortal being among mortal people. Its jaws open and close, devouring much, chewing without satisfaction.
The poet declares he has witnessed the immense glory of an immortal being, who exists amidst mortal communities. This being's jaws are depicted as opening and closing, voraciously consuming and chewing incessantly, symbolizing an insatiable appetite or destructive power.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अप॑श्यम् अस्य मह॒तः महि॒त्वम॑ ápaśyam asya mahatáḥ mahitvám (11 syllables)
- B. अम॑र्त्यस्य मर्त्या॑सु वि॒क्षु ámartyasya mártyāsu vikṣú (11 syllables)
- C. नाना हनू वि॒भृते सं भ॑रेते nā́nā hánū víbhr̥te sám bharete (11 syllables)
- D. असि॑न्वती बप्स॑ती भूर्य॑त्तः ásinvatī bápsatī bhū́ri attaḥ (11 syllables)
अप॑श्यम् (ápaśyam)
I saw
अस्य (asya)
of this
मह॒तः (mahatáḥ)
great
महि॒त्वम॑ (mahitvám)
glory, might
अम॑र्त्यस्य (ámartyasya)
of the immortal
मर्त्या॑सु (mártyāsu)
among mortals
वि॒क्षु (vikṣú)
in the tribes, in the settlements
नाना (nā́nā)
separately, apart
हनू (hánū)
jaws
वि॒भृते (víbhr̥te)
held apart
सं (sám)
together
भ॑रेते (bharete)
they hold
असि॑न्वती (ásinvatī)
unsatiated, not satisfied
बप्स॑ती (bápsatī)
chewing
भूर्य॑त्तः (bhū́ri)
much, abundantly
(attaḥ)
Stanza 10.79.2
गुहा॒ शिरो॒ निहि॑त॒मृध॑ग॒क्षी असि॑न्वन्नत्ति जि॒ह्वया॒ वना॑नि | अत्रा॑ण्यस्मै प॒ड्भिः सं भ॑रन्त्युत्ता॒नह॑स्ता॒ नम॒साधि॑ वि॒क्षु ||
gúhā śíro níhitam ŕ̥dhag akṣī́ ásinvann atti jihváyā vánāni átrāṇy asmai paḍbhíḥ sám bharanty uttānáhastā námasā́dhi vikṣú
Its head is hidden in a cave, its eyes averted. Unsatiated, it devours forests with its tongue. People, with hands raised in reverence, gather its food for it.
The description continues, portraying this being with its head hidden and eyes turned away. It consumes fuel insatiably with its tongue. People, with upturned hands and reverence, gather its food (fuel) for it, indicating a ritualistic offering.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. गुहा शिरो निहि॑तम् ऋध॑ग अक्षी gúhā śíraḥ níhitam ŕ̥dhak akṣī́ (11 syllables)
- B. असि॑न्वन्न अत्ति जि॒ह्वया वना॑नि ásinvan atti jihváyā vánāni (11 syllables)
- C. अत्रा॑ण्य अस्मै प॒ड्भिः सं átrāṇi asmai paḍbhíḥ sám bharanti (11 syllables)
- D. त्ता॒नह॑स्ता नम॒सा अधि वि॒क्षु uttānáhastāḥ námasā ádhi vikṣú (11 syllables)
गुहा (gúhā)
in a cave, hidden
शिरो (śíraḥ)
head
निहि॑तम् (níhitam)
placed, hidden
ऋध॑ग (ŕ̥dhak)
apart, separately
अक्षी (akṣī́)
eyes
असि॑न्वन्न (ásinvan)
unsatiated, not satisfied
अत्ति (atti)
it eats
जि॒ह्वया (jihváyā)
with the tongue
वना॑नि (vánāni)
forests, woods
अत्रा॑ण्य (átrāṇi)
food, provisions
अस्मै (asmai)
for him
प॒ड्भिः (paḍbhíḥ)
with feet (here referring to parts or aspects)
सं (sám)
together
(bharanti)
त्ता॒नह॑स्ता (uttānáhastāḥ)
with upturned hands
नम॒सा (námasā)
with reverence
अधि (ádhi)
upon, in
वि॒क्षु (vikṣú)
in the settlements, among the people
Stanza 10.79.3
प्र मा॒तुः प्र॑त॒रं गुह्य॑मि॒च्छन्कु॑मा॒रो न वी॒रुधः॑ सर्पदु॒र्वीः | स॒सं न प॒क्वम॑विदच्छु॒चन्तं॑ रिरि॒ह्वांसं॑ रि॒प उ॒पस्थे॑ अ॒न्तः ||
prá mātúḥ prataráṁ gúhyam ichán kumāró ná vīrúdhaḥ sarpad urvī́ḥ sasáṁ ná pakvám avidac chucántaṁ ririhvā́ṁsaṁ ripá upásthe antáḥ
Seeking something secret like a child seeking its mother's womb, it creeps through wide spaces. It finds something glowing like cooked food, deeply kissing it within the earth.
The verse uses a simile of a child seeking its mother's hidden comfort. The being is described as moving through vast spaces ('bushes') and finding something akin to 'cooked food' that is glowing and being kissed deep within the earth. This suggests a nurturing or life-giving aspect, possibly related to Agni hidden within fuel.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र मा॒तुः प्रत॒रं गुह्य॑म prá mātúḥ pratarám gúhyam ichán (11 syllables)
- B. कुमा॒रो प॒क्वम॑ वी॒रुधः स॒सं kumāráḥ ná vīrúdhaḥ sarpat urvī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. न प॒क्वम॑ अविदच्छु चन्तं रिरि॒ह्वांसं sasám ná pakvám avidat śucántam (11 syllables)
- D. रि॒प उ पस्थे अ॒न्तः अन्त ririhvā́ṃsam ripáḥ upásthe antár (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth, onward
मा॒तुः (mātúḥ)
of the mother
प्रत॒रं (pratarám)
most widely, most eagerly
गुह्य॑म (gúhyam)
secret, hidden
(ichán)
कुमा॒रो (kumāráḥ)
child
प॒क्वम॑ (ná)
like
वी॒रुधः (vīrúdhaḥ)
plants, vegetation
(sarpat)
स॒सं (urvī́ḥ)
wide spaces
न (sasám)
as if
प॒क्वम॑ (ná)
like
अविदच्छु (pakvám)
cooked
चन्तं (avidat)
it found
रिरि॒ह्वांसं (śucántam)
glowing, shining
रि॒प उ (ririhvā́ṃsam)
kissing
पस्थे (ripáḥ)
of the surface
अ॒न्तः (upásthe)
in the lap, in the embrace
अन्त (antár)
within
Stanza 10.79.4
तद्वा॑मृ॒तं रो॑दसी॒ प्र ब्र॑वीमि॒ जाय॑मानो मा॒तरा॒ गर्भो॑ अत्ति | नाहं दे॒वस्य॒ मर्त्य॑श्चिकेता॒ग्निर॒ङ्ग विचे॑ताः॒ स प्रचे॑ताः ||
tád vām r̥táṁ rodasī prá bravīmi jā́yamāno mātárā gárbho atti nā́háṁ devásya mártyaś ciketāgnír aṅgá vícetāḥ sá prácetāḥ
O Earth and Heaven, I declare this cosmic truth to you: the embryo devours its parents at birth. I, a mortal, do not understand the God. But Agni, indeed, is the knower, he is all-knowing.
The poet addresses Earth and Heaven, declaring the 'Rta' (cosmic order/truth). He presents a startling paradox: the 'embryo' or child consumes its parents at birth. The poet admits his own ignorance of the divine, but asserts that Agni, being all-knowing, possesses true wisdom.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. तद् वामृ तं रोद॑सी प्र ब्र॒वीमि tát vām r̥tám rodasī prá bravīmi (11 syllables)
- B. जाय॑मानो मा॒तरा गर्भो jā́yamānaḥ mātárā gárbhaḥ atti (11 syllables)
- C. न अहं दे॒वस्य मर्त्य॑ चिकेता ná ahám devásya mártyaḥ ciketa (11 syllables)
- D. अ॒ग्निर ङ्ग विचे॑ताः स प्रचे॑ताः agníḥ aṅgá vícetāḥ sá prácetāḥ (11 syllables)
तद् (tát)
that
वामृ (vām)
to you two
तं (r̥tám)
cosmic order, truth
रोद॑सी (rodasī)
O Earth and Heaven
प्र (prá)
forth
ब्र॒वीमि (bravīmi)
I declare
जाय॑मानो (jā́yamānaḥ)
being born
मा॒तरा (mātárā)
the two parents
गर्भो (gárbhaḥ)
embryo, child
(atti)
न (ná)
not
अहं (ahám)
I
दे॒वस्य (devásya)
of the God
मर्त्य॑ (mártyaḥ)
mortal
चिकेता (ciketa)
knew, understood
अ॒ग्निर (agníḥ)
Agni
ङ्ग (aṅgá)
indeed, verily
विचे॑ताः (vícetāḥ)
the discerner, the one who knows
स (sá)
he
प्रचे॑ताः (prácetāḥ)
all-knowing
Stanza 10.79.5
यो अ॑स्मा॒ अन्नं॑ तृ॒ष्वा॒३॒॑दधा॒त्याज्यै॑र्घृ॒तैर्जु॒होति॒ पुष्य॑ति | तस्मै॑ स॒हस्र॑म॒क्षभि॒र्वि च॒क्षेऽग्ने॑ वि॒श्वतः॑ प्र॒त्यङ्ङ॑सि॒ त्वम् ||
yó asmā ánnaṁ tr̥ṣv āā̀dádhāty ā́jyair ghr̥taír juhóti púṣyati tásmai sahásram akṣábhir ví cakṣé 'gne viśvátaḥ pratyáṅṅ asi tvám
The one who quickly gives food to him (Agni) and offers ghee and butter, and supports him – Agni looks upon him with his thousand eyes. You, Agni, show yourself to him from all sides.
The hymn describes a person who diligently provides food and offerings (ghee, butter) to Agni. In return, Agni, with his 'thousand eyes', observes this devotee closely and reveals himself from all sides, signifying divine attention and favor.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यो अस्मा अन्नं तृ॒ष्वा दधा॒त्याज्यै॑ yáḥ asmai ánnam tr̥ṣú ādádhāti (11 syllables)
- B. घृ॒तैर्जु होति पुष्य॑ति तस्मै ā́jyaiḥ ghr̥taíḥ juhóti púṣyati (11 syllables)
- C. स हस्र॑म अक्षभि॒र्वि च॒क्षेऽग्ने वि॒श्वतः tásmai sahásram akṣábhiḥ ví cakṣe (11 syllables)
- D. प्र॒त्यङ्ङ॑सि त्वम् प्र अ स्य ágne viśvátas pratyáṅ asi tvám (11 syllables)
यो (yáḥ)
whoever
अस्मा (asmai)
to him
अन्नं (ánnam)
food
तृ॒ष्वा (tr̥ṣú)
quickly, swiftly
दधा॒त्याज्यै॑ (ādádhāti)
he gives, he places
घृ॒तैर्जु (ā́jyaiḥ)
with ghee
होति (ghr̥taíḥ)
with melted butter
पुष्य॑ति (juhóti)
he offers
तस्मै (púṣyati)
he supports, he nourishes
स (tásmai)
to him
हस्र॑म (sahásram)
a thousand
अक्षभि॒र्वि (akṣábhiḥ)
with eyes
च॒क्षेऽग्ने (ví)
apart, thoroughly
वि॒श्वतः (cakṣe)
he looks, he sees
प्र॒त्यङ्ङ॑सि (ágne)
O Agni
त्वम् (viśvátas)
from all sides
प्र (pratyáṅ)
facing
अ (asi)
you are
स्य (tvám)
you
Stanza 10.79.6
किं दे॒वेषु॒ त्यज॒ एन॑श्चक॒र्थाग्ने॑ पृ॒च्छामि॒ नु त्वामवि॑द्वान् | अक्री॑ळ॒न्क्रीळ॒न्हरि॒रत्त॑वे॒ऽदन्वि प॑र्व॒शश्च॑कर्त॒ गामि॑वा॒सिः ||
kíṁ devéṣu tyája énaś cakarthā́gne pr̥chā́mi nú tvā́m ávidvān ákrīḷan krī́ḷan hárir áttave 'dán ví parvaśáś cakarta gā́m ivāsíḥ
O Agni, what wrong have you done among the gods? I ask you, unaware. Playing, yet not playing, the golden one, toothless, has cut his food to eat, like a knife dissecting a victim.
The poet directly questions Agni, asking if he has committed any offense among the gods. He admits his own ignorance in asking such a question. The verse then describes a figure, perhaps Agni or a related entity, as being golden-hued, toothless, and capable of cutting its food like a knife, suggesting a complex, perhaps even paradoxical, nature.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. किं दे॒वेषु त्यज एन॑श्चक र्थाग्ने kím devéṣu tyájaḥ énaḥ cakartha (11 syllables)
- B. पृ॒च्छामि नु त्वामवि द्वान् अक्री॑ळ ágne pr̥chā́mi nú tvā́m ávidvān (11 syllables)
- C. ळ॒न्क्रीळ न्हरि॒रत्त वे ऽदन्वि पर्व॒शश्च ákrīḷan krī́ḷan háriḥ áttave adán (11 syllables)
- D. कर्त गामि वा॒ सिः इ वा ví parvaśás cakarta gā́m iva asíḥ (11 syllables)
किं (kím)
what
दे॒वेषु (devéṣu)
among the gods
त्यज (tyájaḥ)
transgression
एन॑श्चक (énaḥ)
sin, offense
र्थाग्ने (cakartha)
you have done
पृ॒च्छामि (ágne)
O Agni
नु (pr̥chā́mi)
I ask
त्वामवि (nú)
now, indeed
द्वान् (tvā́m)
you
अक्री॑ळ (ávidvān)
not knowing
ळ॒न्क्रीळ (ákrīḷan)
not playing
न्हरि॒रत्त (krī́ḷan)
playing
वे (háriḥ)
golden-hued one
ऽदन्वि (áttave)
to eat
पर्व॒शश्च (adán)
eating
कर्त (ví)
apart
गामि (parvaśás)
joint by joint, piece by piece
वा॒ (cakarta)
he cut
सिः (gā́m)
victim, prey
इ (iva)
like
वा (asíḥ)
knife
Stanza 10.79.7
विषू॑चो॒ अश्वा॑न्युयुजे वने॒जा ऋजी॑तिभी रश॒नाभि॑र्गृभी॒तान् | च॒क्ष॒दे मि॒त्रो वसु॑भिः॒ सुजा॑तः॒ समा॑नृधे॒ पर्व॑भिर्वावृधा॒नः ||
víṣūco áśvān yuyuje vanejā́ ŕ̥jītibhī raśanā́bhir gr̥bhītā́n cakṣadé mitró vásubhiḥ sújātaḥ sám ānr̥dhe párvabhir vāvr̥dhānáḥ
He, born in the wood, has yoked the rushing horses, held by glittering reins. The well-born friend (Agni) has prepared his food with the Vasus, growing strong in all his limbs.
This verse depicts a dynamic scene: Agni (referred to as 'the friend', Mitra) has yoked powerful, swiftly moving horses, held by shining reins. He is described as being born in the 'wood' (fuel) and has 'carved' his food (fuel) with divine entities ('Vasus'). He has grown strong in all his limbs, implying a powerful emergence and growth.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विषू॑चो अश्वा॑न्युयुजे वने॒जा ऋजी॑तिभी víṣūcaḥ áśvān yuyuje vanejā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. रश॒नाभि॑ गृभी॒ तान् ŕ̥jītibhiḥ raśanā́bhiḥ gr̥bhītā́n (11 syllables)
- C. च॒क्ष॒दे मि॒त्रो वसु॑भिः सुजा॑तः cakṣadé mitráḥ vásubhiḥ sújātaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. समा॑नृधे पर्व भिर्वावृधा॒ नः sám ānr̥dhe párvabhiḥ vāvr̥dhānáḥ (11 syllables)
विषू॑चो (víṣūcaḥ)
in various directions, rushing
अश्वा॑न्युयुजे (áśvān)
horses
वने॒जा (yuyuje)
he yoked
ऋजी॑तिभी (vanejā́ḥ)
born in the wood
रश॒नाभि॑ (ŕ̥jītibhiḥ)
with glittering (reins)
गृभी॒ (raśanā́bhiḥ)
with reins
तान् (gr̥bhītā́n)
held, grasped
च॒क्ष॒दे (cakṣadé)
he carved, he prepared
मि॒त्रो (mitráḥ)
Mitra (friend, divine being)
वसु॑भिः (vásubhiḥ)
with the Vasus (divine beings)
सुजा॑तः (sújātaḥ)
well-born
समा॑नृधे (sám)
together, entirely
पर्व (ānr̥dhe)
he grew, he prospered
भिर्वावृधा॒ (párvabhiḥ)
with limbs, with parts
नः (vāvr̥dhānáḥ)
growing, increasing