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Stanza 10.78.1
विप्रा॑सो॒ न मन्म॑भिः स्वा॒ध्यो॑ देवा॒व्यो॒३॒॑ न य॒ज्ञैः स्वप्न॑सः | राजा॑नो॒ न चि॒त्राः सु॑सं॒दृशः॑ क्षिती॒नां न मर्या॑ अरे॒पसः॑ ||
víprāso ná mánmabhiḥ svādhyò devāvyò ná yajñaíḥ svápnasaḥ rā́jāno ná citrā́ḥ susaṁdŕ̥śaḥ kṣitīnā́ṁ ná máryā arepásaḥ
Like wise ones with their thoughts, skillful and devoted with sacrifices to the gods; like kings, beautiful to behold, and like pure, noble men among the people.
This stanza describes the deities, likely the Maruts, by comparing them to various admirable human qualities and roles. They are depicted as wise thinkers, skilled in devotion and rituals, noble leaders, and unblemished individuals. The comparisons highlight their intelligence, piety, leadership, and purity, suggesting they are highly respected and possess excellent qualities.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विप्राः न मन्मभिः स्वाध्यः víprāsaḥ ná mánmabhiḥ svādhyàḥ (11 syllables)
- B. देवाव्यः न यज्ञैः स्वप्नतः devāvyàḥ ná yajñaíḥ svápnasaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. राजानः न चित्राः सुसंदृश्यः rā́jānaḥ ná citrā́ḥ susaṃdŕ̥śaḥ (10 syllables)
- D. क्षितीनां न मर्याः अरेपसः kṣitīnā́m ná máryāḥ arepásaḥ (11 syllables)
विप्राः (víprāsaḥ)
wise thinkers, inspired ones
न (ná)
like
मन्मभिः (mánmabhiḥ)
with thoughts, devotion
स्वाध्यः (svādhyàḥ)
skillful, self-taught
देवाव्यः (devāvyàḥ)
inviting the gods
न (ná)
like
यज्ञैः (yajñaíḥ)
with sacrifices, rituals
स्वप्नतः (svápnasaḥ)
sleepers, those at rest
राजानः (rā́jānaḥ)
kings
न (ná)
like
चित्राः (citrā́ḥ)
bright, colorful, wonderful
सुसंदृश्यः (susaṃdŕ̥śaḥ)
beautiful to behold, well-seen
क्षितीनां (kṣitīnā́m)
of the people, inhabitants
न (ná)
like
मर्याः (máryāḥ)
men, youths
अरेपसः (arepásaḥ)
spotless, unblemished
Stanza 10.78.2
अ॒ग्निर्न ये भ्राज॑सा रु॒क्मव॑क्षसो॒ वाता॑सो॒ न स्व॒युजः॑ स॒द्यऊ॑तयः | प्र॒ज्ञा॒तारो॒ न ज्येष्ठाः॑ सुनी॒तयः॑ सु॒शर्मा॑णो॒ न सोमा॑ ऋ॒तं य॒ते ||
agnír ná yé bhrā́jasā rukmávakṣaso vā́tāso ná svayújaḥ sadyáūtayaḥ prajñātā́ro ná jyéṣṭhāḥ sunītáyaḥ suśármāṇo ná sómā r̥táṁ yaté
Like Agni with splendor and golden chests, like self-moving winds quick to aid; like the foremost experts in knowledge and good guidance, they are like Soma to the righteous, offering protection.
This verse continues to praise the divine beings, possibly the Maruts, using comparisons to natural phenomena and skilled individuals. They are described as radiant like Agni (fire), swift and self-sufficient like winds, expert leaders, and protectors of the righteous, similar to the divine drink Soma. The imagery emphasizes their brilliance, speed, leadership, and protective nature.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अग्निः न ये भ्राजसा रुक्मवक्षसः agníḥ ná yé bhrā́jasā rukmávakṣasaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. वातासः न स्वयुजः सद्यऊतयः vā́tāsaḥ ná svayújaḥ sadyáūtayaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. प्रज्ञातारः न ज्येष्ठाः सुनीतायः prajñātā́raḥ ná jyéṣṭhāḥ sunītáyaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. सुशर्माणः न सोमाः ऋतं यते suśármāṇaḥ ná sómāḥ r̥tám yaté (11 syllables)
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni, fire god
न (ná)
like
ये (yé)
who
भ्राजसा (bhrā́jasā)
with splendor, brilliance
रुक्मवक्षसः (rukmávakṣasaḥ)
with golden chests, radiant breasts
वातासः (vā́tāsaḥ)
winds
न (ná)
like
स्वयुजः (svayújaḥ)
self-harnessed, self-moving
सद्यऊतयः (sadyáūtayaḥ)
quick to help, swiftly protecting
प्रज्ञातारः (prajñātā́raḥ)
those who know beforehand, experts
न (ná)
like
ज्येष्ठाः (jyéṣṭhāḥ)
greatest, foremost
सुनीतायः (sunītáyaḥ)
good guidance, well-led
सुशर्माणः (suśármāṇaḥ)
offering good protection, safe
न (ná)
like
सोमाः (sómāḥ)
Soma, divine drink
ऋतं (r̥tám)
truth, order, righteousness
यते (yaté)
goes to, reaches
Stanza 10.78.3
वाता॑सो॒ न ये धुन॑यो जिग॒त्नवो॑ऽग्नी॒नां न जि॒ह्वा वि॑रो॒किणः॑ | वर्म॑ण्वन्तो॒ न यो॒धाः शिमी॑वन्तः पितॄ॒णां न शंसाः॑ सुरा॒तयः॑ ||
vā́tāso ná yé dhúnayo jigatnávo 'gnīnā́ṁ ná jihvā́ virokíṇaḥ vármaṇvanto ná yodhā́ḥ śímīvantaḥ pitr̥r̥ṇā́ṁ ná śáṁsāḥ surātáyaḥ
Like winds that roar and rush, brilliant like the tongues of fires; powerful like armored warriors, and like the blessings of the fathers.
This stanza compares the divine beings to powerful and dynamic forces. They are likened to moving winds, the brilliant tongues of fire, armored warriors, and the blessings or prayers of ancestors. These comparisons emphasize their energetic movement, radiant appearance, strength, and their role in bestowing benefits or blessings.
Meter:
- A. वातासः न ये धुनयः जिगत्नवः vā́tāsaḥ ná yé dhúnayaḥ jigatnávaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. अग्नीनां न जिह्वाः विरोकिणः agnīnā́m ná jihvā́ḥ virokíṇaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. वर्त्मन्वन्तः न योधाः शिमीवन्तः vármaṇvantaḥ ná yodhā́ḥ śímīvantaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. पितॄणां न शंसः सुरातायः pitr̥̄ṇā́m ná śáṃsāḥ surātáyaḥ (12 syllables)
वातासः (vā́tāsaḥ)
winds
न (ná)
like
ये (yé)
who
धुनयः (dhúnayaḥ)
shakers, movers, winds
जिगत्नवः (jigatnávaḥ)
hastening, moving quickly
अग्नीनां (agnīnā́m)
of fires
न (ná)
like
जिह्वाः (jihvā́ḥ)
tongues
विरोकिणः (virokíṇaḥ)
shining, brilliant
वर्त्मन्वन्तः (vármaṇvantaḥ)
wearing armor, armored
न (ná)
like
योधाः (yodhā́ḥ)
warriors
शिमीवन्तः (śímīvantaḥ)
possessing strength, powerful
पितॄणां (pitr̥̄ṇā́m)
of the fathers, ancestors
न (ná)
like
शंसः (śáṃsāḥ)
prayers, blessings
सुरातायः (surātáyaḥ)
good givers, benefactors
Stanza 10.78.4
रथा॑नां॒ न ये१॒॑ऽराः सना॑भयो जिगी॒वांसो॒ न शूरा॑ अ॒भिद्य॑वः | व॒रे॒यवो॒ न मर्या॑ घृत॒प्रुषो॑ऽभिस्व॒र्तारो॑ अ॒र्कं न सु॒ष्टुभः॑ ||
ráthānāṁ ná yè 'rā́ḥ sánābhayo jigīvā́ṁso ná śū́rā abhídyavaḥ vareyávo ná máryā ghr̥taprúṣo 'bhisvartā́ro arkáṁ ná suṣṭúbhaḥ
Like the spokes of chariots joined at the hub, like victorious heroes with shining faces; like desirable youths scattering ghee, they praise with well-tuned hymns.
This stanza uses analogies related to movement and unity to describe the divine beings. They are compared to the spokes of a chariot wheel that are connected at the hub, signifying unity and purpose. They are also depicted as victorious heroes, scattering beneficial essence like young suitors, and chanting hymns like skilled singers. This suggests they are united, victorious, generous, and skilled in praise.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. रथानां न ये अराः सनाभयः ráthānām ná yé arā́ḥ sánābhayaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. जिगीवांसः न शूराः अभिद्यवः jigīvā́ṃsaḥ ná śū́rāḥ abhídyavaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. वरेयवः न मर्याः घृतप्रुषः vareyávaḥ ná máryāḥ ghr̥taprúṣaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अभिस अर्कं न सुष्टुभः abhisvartā́raḥ arkám ná suṣṭúbhaḥ (11 syllables)
रथानां (ráthānām)
of chariots
न (ná)
like
ये (yé)
who
अराः (arā́ḥ)
spokes
सनाभयः (sánābhayaḥ)
joined at the hub, united
जिगीवांसः (jigīvā́ṃsaḥ)
victorious
न (ná)
like
शूराः (śū́rāḥ)
heroes, warriors
अभिद्यवः (abhídyavaḥ)
shining, radiant
वरेयवः (vareyávaḥ)
desirable, sought-after
न (ná)
like
मर्याः (máryāḥ)
men, youths
घृतप्रुषः (ghr̥taprúṣaḥ)
sprinkling ghee (clarified butter)
अभिस (abhisvartā́raḥ)
praising, extolling
अर्कं (arkám)
hymn, praise
न (ná)
like
सुष्टुभः (suṣṭúbhaḥ)
well-praising, chanting praises
Stanza 10.78.5
अश्वा॑सो॒ न ये ज्येष्ठा॑स आ॒शवो॑ दिधि॒षवो॒ न र॒थ्यः॑ सु॒दान॑वः | आपो॒ न नि॒म्नैरु॒दभि॑र्जिग॒त्नवो॑ वि॒श्वरू॑पा॒ अङ्गि॑रसो॒ न साम॑भिः ||
áśvāso ná yé jyéṣṭhāsa āśávo didhiṣávo ná rathyàḥ sudā́navaḥ ā́po ná nimnaír udábhir jigatnávo viśvárūpā áṅgiraso ná sā́mabhiḥ
Like the swiftest horses, eager to win; like charioteers who bestow gifts; like waters rushing down with floods, they are like the Angiras sages with their varied forms and songs.
This stanza continues to highlight the dynamic and powerful nature of the divine beings, possibly the Maruts, through comparisons. They are likened to the fastest horses, those who ardently desire success, swift-moving waters flowing downwards, and the versatile Angiras sages accompanied by sacred songs. The comparisons emphasize their speed, ambition, forceful movement, and spiritual or ritualistic prowess.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अश्वाः न ये ज्येष्ठासः आशवः áśvāsaḥ ná yé jyéṣṭhāsaḥ āśávaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. दिधिषवः न रथ्यः सुदानवः didhiṣávaḥ ná rathyàḥ sudā́navaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. आपः न निम्नैः उदभिः जिगत्नवः ā́paḥ ná nimnaíḥ udábhiḥ jigatnávaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. विश्वरूपाः अङ्गिरसः न सामभिः viśvárūpāḥ áṅgirasaḥ ná sā́mabhiḥ (12 syllables)
अश्वाः (áśvāsaḥ)
horses
न (ná)
like
ये (yé)
who
ज्येष्ठासः (jyéṣṭhāsaḥ)
foremost, best
आशवः (āśávaḥ)
swift, quick
दिधिषवः (didhiṣávaḥ)
eager to obtain, desirous
न (ná)
like
रथ्यः (rathyàḥ)
charioteers
सुदानवः (sudā́navaḥ)
bounteous, generous givers
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
न (ná)
like
निम्नैः (nimnaíḥ)
with downward courses, in valleys
उदभिः (udábhiḥ)
with waters, floods
जिगत्नवः (jigatnávaḥ)
hastening, moving quickly
विश्वरूपाः (viśvárūpāḥ)
of all forms, manifold
अङ्गिरसः (áṅgirasaḥ)
Angirasas (a class of sages or divine beings)
न (ná)
like
सामभिः (sā́mabhiḥ)
with Sāman chants or songs
Stanza 10.78.6
ग्रावा॑णो॒ न सू॒रयः॒ सिन्धु॑मातर आदर्दि॒रासो॒ अद्र॑यो॒ न वि॒श्वहा॑ | शि॒शूला॒ न क्री॒ळयः॑ सुमा॒तरो॑ महाग्रा॒मो न याम॑न्नु॒त त्वि॒षा ||
grā́vāṇo ná sūráyaḥ síndhumātara ādardirā́so ádrayo ná viśváhā śiśū́lā ná krīḷáyaḥ sumātáro mahāgrāmó ná yā́mann utá tviṣā́
Like press-stones, sons of Sindhu, always active like crushing stones; like playful children of a good mother, they gleam like a great army on the march.
This verse uses comparisons related to crushing stones and joyful beings. The divine entities are likened to grinding stones (like press-stones) that are born from the river (Sindhu), indicating their power and origin. They are also compared to perpetually active stones, playful children, and a great army on the move with brilliance. This suggests they are powerful, relentless, joyous, and impressive in their collective movement.
Meter:
- A. ग्रावाणः न सूरयः सिन्धुमातरः grā́vāṇaḥ ná sūráyaḥ síndhumātaraḥ (12 syllables)
- B. आदर्दिरासः अद्रयः न विश्वहा ādardirā́saḥ ádrayaḥ ná viśváhā (12 syllables)
- C. शिशूलाः न क्रीळयः सुमातरः śiśū́lāḥ ná krīḷáyaḥ sumātáraḥ (11 syllables)
- D. महाग्रामः न यामन उत त्विषा mahāgrāmáḥ ná yā́man utá tviṣā́ (11 syllables)
ग्रावाणः (grā́vāṇaḥ)
press-stones, grinding stones
न (ná)
like
सूरयः (sūráyaḥ)
pressers, those who press out Soma
सिन्धुमातरः (síndhumātaraḥ)
having the Sindhu (river) as mother
आदर्दिरासः (ādardirā́saḥ)
crushing, breaking to pieces
अद्रयः (ádrayaḥ)
stones
न (ná)
like
विश्वहा (viśváhā)
always, all-sustaining
शिशूलाः (śiśū́lāḥ)
children
न (ná)
like
क्रीळयः (krīḷáyaḥ)
playful ones
सुमातरः (sumātáraḥ)
having a good mother
महाग्रामः (mahāgrāmáḥ)
great troop, great army
न (ná)
like
यामन (yā́man)
in marching, in movement
उत (utá)
and, also
त्विषा (tviṣā́)
with brilliance, radiance
Stanza 10.78.7
उ॒षसां॒ न के॒तवो॑ऽध्वर॒श्रियः॑ शुभं॒यवो॒ नाञ्जिभि॒र्व्य॑श्वितन् | सिन्ध॑वो॒ न य॒यियो॒ भ्राज॑दृष्टयः परा॒वतो॒ न योज॑नानि ममिरे ||
uṣásāṁ ná ketávo 'dhvaraśríyaḥ śubhaṁyávo nā́ñjíbhir vy àśvitan síndhavo ná yayíyo bhrā́jadr̥ṣṭayaḥ parāváto ná yójanāni mamire
Like the rays of dawn adorning the sacrifice, they shone in their ornaments; like rivers with swift currents, glittering, they measure out distances from afar.
This verse describes the divine beings, likely the Maruts, as illuminators and swift movers. They are compared to the rays of dawn that brighten the sacrifice, and they shine with ornaments like triumphant warriors. Their swiftness is likened to rivers flowing rapidly and glittering spears. They are also described as traversing great distances, measuring out the space, suggesting their vast reach and speed.
Meter: Jagati
- A. उषसां न केतवः अध्वरश्रिः uṣásām ná ketávaḥ adhvaraśríyaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. शुभंयवः न अञ्जिभिः वि अश्वितन् śubhaṃyávaḥ ná añjíbhiḥ ví aśvitan (12 syllables)
- C. सिन्धवः न ययियः भ्राजदृष्टयः síndhavaḥ ná yayíyaḥ bhrā́jadr̥ṣṭayaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. परावतः न योजनानि ममिरे parāvátaḥ ná yójanāni mamire (12 syllables)
उषसां (uṣásām)
of dawns
न (ná)
like
केतवः (ketávaḥ)
rays, banners, signs
अध्वरश्रिः (adhvaraśríyaḥ)
adorning the sacrifice, beautiful in sacrifice
शुभंयवः (śubhaṃyávaḥ)
eager for brilliance, triumphant
न (ná)
like
अञ्जिभिः (añjíbhiḥ)
with ornaments, ointments
वि (ví)
apart, out
अश्वितन् (aśvitan)
shone forth, appeared
सिन्धवः (síndhavaḥ)
rivers
न (ná)
like
ययियः (yayíyaḥ)
swift-moving
भ्राजदृष्टयः (bhrā́jadr̥ṣṭayaḥ)
having glittering spears or sights
परावतः (parāvátaḥ)
from afar, distant
न (ná)
like
योजनानि (yójanāni)
distances, leagues
ममिरे (mamire)
measured
Stanza 10.78.8
सु॒भा॒गान्नो॑ देवाः कृणुता सु॒रत्ना॑न॒स्मान्त्स्तो॒तॄन्म॑रुतो वावृधा॒नाः | अधि॑ स्तो॒त्रस्य॑ स॒ख्यस्य॑ गात स॒नाद्धि वो॑ रत्न॒धेया॑नि॒ सन्ति॑ ||
subhāgā́n no devāḥ kr̥ṇutā surátnān asmā́n stotr̥ŕ̥n maruto vāvr̥dhānā́ḥ ádhi stotrásya sakhyásya gāta sanā́d dhí vo ratnadhéyāni sánti
O gods, make us happy and grant us wealth, O Maruts, prosper us who praise you. Remember our praise and our friendship, for from of old you possess treasures to bestow.
This is a direct prayer to the gods and Maruts. The speaker asks the gods to bestow happiness and prosperity upon them, and to help the singers (themselves) thrive. They implore the Maruts to remember their praise and friendship, reminding them that they have always possessed the means to bestow gifts and treasures.
Meter:
- A. सुभ glancing नः देवाः कृणुता सुरत्नान् subhāgā́n naḥ devāḥ kr̥ṇuta + surátnān (12 syllables)
- B. अस्मान् स्तोतॄन् मरुतः वावृधानाः asmā́n stotr̥̄́n marutaḥ vāvr̥dhānā́ḥ (12 syllables)
- C. अधि स्तोत्रस्य सख्यस्य गात ádhi stotrásya sakhyásya gāta (11 syllables)
- D. सनात् हि वः रत्नधेयानि सन्ति sanā́t hí vaḥ ratnadhéyāni sánti (11 syllables)
सुभ glancing (subhāgā́n)
happy, fortunate
नः (naḥ)
us
देवाः (devāḥ)
gods
कृणुता (kr̥ṇuta +)
make, create
सुरत्नान् (surátnān)
rich in treasures, wealthy
अस्मान् (asmā́n)
us
स्तोतॄन् (stotr̥̄́n)
praisers, singers
मरुतः (marutaḥ)
Maruts (storm gods)
वावृधानाः (vāvr̥dhānā́ḥ)
increasing, growing stronger
अधि (ádhi)
upon, over
स्तोत्रस्य (stotrásya)
of praise, of the hymn
सख्यस्य (sakhyásya)
of friendship
गात (gāta)
go, come, remember
सनात् (sanā́t)
from of old, always
हि (hí)
indeed, surely
वः (vaḥ)
your
रत्नधेयानि (ratnadhéyāni)
bestowers of treasures, riches
सन्ति (sánti)
are, exist