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Stanza 10.75.1
प्र सु व॑ आपो महि॒मान॑मुत्त॒मं का॒रुर्वो॑चाति॒ सद॑ने वि॒वस्व॑तः | प्र स॒प्तस॑प्त त्रे॒धा हि च॑क्र॒मुः प्र सृत्व॑रीणा॒मति॒ सिन्धु॒रोज॑सा ||
prá sú va āpo mahimā́nam uttamáṁ kārúr vocāti sádane vivásvataḥ prá saptá-sapta tredhā́ hí cakramúḥ prá sŕ̥tvarīṇām áti síndhur ójasā
O waters, the singer proclaims your supreme greatness in the dwelling of Vivasvan. The seven-times-seven rivers have come forth in three ways; indeed, the Sindhu surpasses all flowing waters with its strength.
The hymn addresses the waters (Apas) and the great river Sindhu, celebrating their immense power and grandeur. The singer, inspired by the divine presence in Vivasvan's abode, proclaims the superior might of Sindhu over all other flowing rivers. The stanza emphasizes that the waters, seven times seven and in three ways, have come forth, highlighting their multifaceted and powerful nature.
Meter: Jagati
- A. प्र सु वः आपः महिमानं उत्तमं prá sú vaḥ āpaḥ mahimā́nam uttamám (12 syllables)
- B. कारुः वोचाति सदने विवस्वतः kārúḥ vocāti sádane vivásvataḥ (12 syllables)
- C. प्र सप्त-सप्त त्रेधा हि चक्रमुः prá saptá-sapta tredhā́ hí cakramúḥ (12 syllables)
- D. प्र सृत्वरीणां अति सिन्धुः ओजसा prá sŕ̥tvarīṇām áti síndhuḥ ójasā (12 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth
सु (sú)
well
वः (vaḥ)
your
आपः (āpaḥ)
waters
महिमानं (mahimā́nam)
greatness
उत्तमं (uttamám)
supreme
कारुः (kārúḥ)
singer
वोचाति (vocāti)
proclaims
सदने (sádane)
in the dwelling
विवस्वतः (vivásvataḥ)
of Vivasvan
प्र (prá)
forth
सप्त-सप्त (saptá-sapta)
seven-times-seven
त्रेधा (tredhā́)
in three ways
हि (hí)
indeed
चक्रमुः (cakramúḥ)
have come forth
प्र (prá)
forth
सृत्वरीणां (sŕ̥tvarīṇām)
of the flowing streams
अति (áti)
beyond
सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ)
the Sindhu (river)
ओजसा (ójasā)
with strength
Stanza 10.75.2
प्र ते॑ऽरद॒द्वरु॑णो॒ यात॑वे प॒थः सिन्धो॒ यद्वाजाँ॑ अ॒भ्यद्र॑व॒स्त्वम् | भूम्या॒ अधि॑ प्र॒वता॑ यासि॒ सानु॑ना॒ यदे॑षा॒मग्रं॒ जग॑तामिर॒ज्यसि॑ ||
prá te 'radad váruṇo yā́tave patháḥ síndho yád vā́jām̐ abhy ádravas tvám bhū́myā ádhi pravátā yāsi sā́nunā yád eṣām ágraṁ jágatām irajyási
Varuṇa made the paths for your movement, O Sindhu, when you rushed to win the prize. You move with speed over the Earth's high ridges, as you become the leader of the moving waters.
This stanza addresses the great river Sindhu, attributing the creation of its channels to Varuṇa. It describes Sindhu's powerful movement, comparing its rush towards victory to a race. The verse highlights Sindhu's ability to traverse difficult terrains, such as steep slopes on Earth, and emphasizes its leadership over all moving waters.
Meter: Jagati
- A. प्र ते अरदत् वरु॑णः या॑तवे प॒थः prá te aradat váruṇaḥ yā́tave patháḥ (12 syllables)
- B. सिन्धो यत् वाजाँ अभि अद्रवः त्वं síndho yát vā́jān abhí ádravaḥ tvám (12 syllables)
- C. भूम्याः अधि प्रवता यासि सानुना bhū́myāḥ ádhi pravátā yāsi sā́nunā (12 syllables)
- D. यत् एषाम् अग्रं जगताम इरज्यसि yát eṣām ágram jágatām irajyási (12 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth
ते (te)
for you
अरदत् (aradat)
made channels
वरु॑णः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuṇa
या॑तवे (yā́tave)
for movement
प॒थः (patháḥ)
paths
सिन्धो (síndho)
O Sindhu
यत् (yát)
when
वाजाँ (vā́jān)
prizes/victories
अभि (abhí)
towards
अद्रवः (ádravaḥ)
you rushed
त्वं (tvám)
you
भूम्याः (bhū́myāḥ)
of the Earth
अधि (ádhi)
upon/over
प्रवता (pravátā)
with high ridges
यासि (yāsi)
you move
सानुना (sā́nunā)
with ridges
यत् (yát)
when
एषाम् (eṣām)
of these
अग्रं (ágram)
the foremost
जगताम (jágatām)
of the moving things
इरज्यसि (irajyási)
you rule/lead
Stanza 10.75.3
दि॒वि स्व॒नो य॑तते॒ भूम्यो॒पर्य॑न॒न्तं शुष्म॒मुदि॑यर्ति भा॒नुना॑ | अ॒भ्रादि॑व॒ प्र स्त॑नयन्ति वृ॒ष्टयः॒ सिन्धु॒र्यदेति॑ वृष॒भो न रोरु॑वत् ||
diví svanó yatate bhū́myopáry anantáṁ śúṣmam úd iyarti bhānúnā abhrā́d iva prá stanayanti vr̥ṣṭáyaḥ síndhur yád éti vr̥ṣabhó ná róruvat
Its roar rises in the sky above the Earth; it sends forth endless strength with its brilliance. Like rains thundering from the clouds, the streams rush forth. When Sindhu moves, it bellows like a bull.
The hymn describes the powerful sound and radiance of the Sindhu river. Its roar ascends to the heavens, and its vigor is unleashed with brilliance. The verse compares the river's powerful flow and thunderous sound to rain, like storms descending from clouds. When Sindhu moves, it roars like a bull, signifying its immense force and vitality.
Meter: Jagati
- A. दिवि स्वनः यतते भूम्यो पर्य diví svanáḥ yatate bhū́myā upári (12 syllables)
- B. अनन्तं शुष्मं उद् इयर्ति भानुना anantám śúṣmam út iyarti bhānúnā (12 syllables)
- C. अब्रादि इव प्र स्तनयन्ति वृष्टयः abhrā́t iva prá stanayanti vr̥ṣṭáyaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. सिन्धुः यत् एति वृषभो न रोरुवत् síndhuḥ yát éti vr̥ṣabháḥ ná róruvat (12 syllables)
दिवि (diví)
in the sky
स्वनः (svanáḥ)
roar
यतते (yatate)
rises
भूम्यो (bhū́myā)
by the Earth
पर्य (upári)
above
अनन्तं (anantám)
endless
शुष्मं (śúṣmam)
strength
उद् (út)
forth
इयर्ति (iyarti)
sends forth
भानुना (bhānúnā)
with brilliance
अब्रादि (abhrā́t)
from the cloud
इव (iva)
like
प्र (prá)
forth
स्तनयन्ति (stanayanti)
they thunder
वृष्टयः (vr̥ṣṭáyaḥ)
rains
सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ)
the Sindhu
यत् (yát)
when
एति (éti)
moves
वृषभो (vr̥ṣabháḥ)
like a bull
न (ná)
like
रोरुवत् (róruvat)
roaring
Stanza 10.75.4
अ॒भि त्वा॑ सिन्धो॒ शिशु॒मिन्न मा॒तरो॑ वा॒श्रा अ॑र्षन्ति॒ पय॑सेव धे॒नवः॑ | राजे॑व॒ युध्वा॑ नयसि॒ त्वमित्सिचौ॒ यदा॑सा॒मग्रं॑ प्र॒वता॒मिन॑क्षसि ||
abhí tvā sindho śíśum ín ná mātáro vāśrā́ arṣanti páyaseva dhenávaḥ rā́jeva yúdhvā nayasi tvám ít sícau yád āsām ágram pravátām ínakṣasi
As mothers run to their calves, and cows to their milk, so the roaring rivers run to you, O Sindhu. You lead like a warrior king, you who are at the forefront of these swift streams.
This stanza praises the Sindhu river, comparing the flow of other rivers towards it to affectionate mothers approaching their calves, or cows heading towards their milk. The Sindhu is depicted as a heroic leader, a king guiding its forces. It leads the swift streams, moving at their very front, underscoring its dominance and pioneering role.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अभि त्वा सिन्धो शिशुं इत् न मातरो abhí tvā sindho śíśum ít ná mātáraḥ (12 syllables)
- B. वाश्रा अर्षन्ति पयसेव इव धेनवः vāśrā́ḥ arṣanti páyasā iva dhenávaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. राजे इव युध्वा नयसि त्वं इत् सिचौ rā́jā iva yúdhvā nayasi tvám ít sícau (12 syllables)
- D. यत् आसां अग्रं प्रवतां इनक्षसि yát āsām ágram pravátām ínakṣasi (12 syllables)
अभि (abhí)
towards
त्वा (tvā)
you
सिन्धो (sindho)
O Sindhu
शिशुं (śíśum)
the young one
इत् (ít)
indeed
न (ná)
like
मातरो (mātáraḥ)
mothers
वाश्रा (vāśrā́ḥ)
roaring
अर्षन्ति (arṣanti)
run
पयसेव (páyasā)
with milk
इव (iva)
like
धेनवः (dhenávaḥ)
cows
राजे (rā́jā)
king
इव (iva)
like
युध्वा (yúdhvā)
warrior
नयसि (nayasi)
you lead
त्वं (tvám)
you
इत् (ít)
indeed
सिचौ (sícau)
streams
यत् (yát)
when
आसां (āsām)
of these
अग्रं (ágram)
the forefront
प्रवतां (pravátām)
of the swift ones
इनक्षसि (ínakṣasi)
you reach
Stanza 10.75.5
इ॒मं मे॑ गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति॒ शुतु॑द्रि॒ स्तोमं॑ सचता॒ परु॒ष्ण्या | अ॒सि॒क्न्या म॑रुद्वृधे वि॒तस्त॒यार्जी॑कीये शृणु॒ह्या सु॒षोम॑या ||
imám me gaṅge yamune sarasvati śútudri stómaṁ sacatā páruṣṇy ā́ asiknyā́ marudvr̥dhe vitástayā́rjīkīye śr̥ṇuhy ā́ suṣómayā
O Ganges, Yamuna, Saraswati, Shutudri, Parushni, hear this hymn with Asikni, Marudvridha, Vitasta, O Arjikiya, hear with Sushoma.
This is a direct invocation to the principal rivers of the land. The poet addresses the Ganges, Yamuna, Saraswati, Shutudri, Parushni, Asikni, Marudvridha, Vitasta, Arjikiya, and Sushoma, asking them to hear his hymn of praise. It emphasizes the importance of these rivers and the collective prayer offered to them.
Meter: Jagati
- A. इमं मे गङ्गे यमुने सरस्वति imám me gaṅge yamune sarasvati (12 syllables)
- B. शुतुद्रि स्तोमं परुष्ण्या आ śútudri stómam sacata + páruṣṇi ā́ (12 syllables)
- C. असिक्र्न्या मरुद्वृधे वितस्तया asiknyā́ marudvr̥dhe vitástayā (12 syllables)
- D. आर्जीकीये शृणुहि आ सुषोमया ā́rjīkīye śr̥ṇuhí ā́ suṣómayā (12 syllables)
इमं (imám)
this
मे (me)
my
गङ्गे (gaṅge)
O Ganges
यमुने (yamune)
O Yamuna
सरस्वति (sarasvati)
O Saraswati
शुतुद्रि (śútudri)
O Shutudri
स्तोमं (stómam)
hymn of praise
(sacata +)
परुष्ण्या (páruṣṇi)
O Parushni
आ (ā́)
along with
असिक्र्न्या (asiknyā́)
with Asikni
मरुद्वृधे (marudvr̥dhe)
O Marudvridha
वितस्तया (vitástayā)
with Vitasta
आर्जीकीये (ā́rjīkīye)
O Arjikiya
शृणुहि (śr̥ṇuhí)
hear
आ (ā́)
along with
सुषोमया (suṣómayā)
with Sushoma
Stanza 10.75.6
तृ॒ष्टाम॑या प्रथ॒मं यात॑वे स॒जूः सु॒सर्त्वा॑ र॒सया॑ श्वे॒त्या त्या | त्वं सि॑न्धो॒ कुभ॑या गोम॒तीं क्रुमुं॑ मेह॒त्न्वा स॒रथं॒ याभि॒रीय॑से ||
tr̥ṣṭā́mayā prathamáṁ yā́tave sajū́ḥ susártvā rasáyā śvetyā́ tyā́ tváṁ sindho kúbhayā gomatī́ṁ krúmum mehatnvā́ saráthaṁ yā́bhir ī́yase
First with Tristama you are eager to flow, with Rasa and Susartu, and with Sveti. With Kubha, Sindhu, and Mehatnu, you move together with Gomatī and Krumu.
The hymn describes Sindhu's dynamic movement, flowing together with various other rivers. It lists Tristama, Rasā, Sveti, Kubha, and Mehatnu as companions. The verse highlights Sindhu's strong desire and eagerness to flow, indicating its relentless nature. It moves forward with these rivers, carrying them along in its journey.
Meter: Jagati
- A. तृष्टामया प्रथमं या॑तवे सजूः tr̥ṣṭā́mayā prathamám yā́tave sajū́s (12 syllables)
- B. सुसर्त्वा रदया श्वेत्या त्या susártvā rasáyā śvetyā́ tyā́ (12 syllables)
- C. त्वं सिन्धो कुभया गोमतीं क्रुमुं tvám sindho kúbhayā gomatī́m krúmum (12 syllables)
- D. मेहत्न्वा सरथं याभिः ईयसे mehatnvā́ sarátham yā́bhiḥ ī́yase (12 syllables)
तृष्टामया (tr̥ṣṭā́mayā)
with Tristama
प्रथमं (prathamám)
first
या॑तवे (yā́tave)
to flow
सजूः (sajū́s)
together
सुसर्त्वा (susártvā)
with Susartu
रदया (rasáyā)
with Rasa
श्वेत्या (śvetyā́)
with Sveti
त्या (tyā́)
with these
त्वं (tvám)
you
सिन्धो (sindho)
O Sindhu
कुभया (kúbhayā)
with Kubha
गोमतीं (gomatī́m)
Gomatī
क्रुमुं (krúmum)
Krumu
मेहत्न्वा (mehatnvā́)
with Mehatnu
सरथं (sarátham)
together
याभिः (yā́bhiḥ)
with whom
ईयसे (ī́yase)
you move
Stanza 10.75.7
ऋजी॒त्येनी॒ रुश॑ती महि॒त्वा परि॒ ज्रयां॑सि भरते॒ रजां॑सि | अद॑ब्धा॒ सिन्धु॑र॒पसा॑म॒पस्त॒माश्वा॒ न चि॒त्रा वपु॑षीव दर्श॒ता ||
ŕ̥jīty énī rúśatī mahitvā́ pári jráyāṁsi bharate rájāṁsi ádabdhā síndhur apásām apástamā́śvā ná citrā́ vápuṣīva darśatā́
Flashing and shining with power, she carries her vast volumes and realms. The unrestrained Sindhu, most active of the active, is beautiful and attractive like a dappled horse.
The hymn describes the Sindhu river with vivid imagery, portraying it as radiant, powerful, and active. It gleams with light and moves through vast realms, carrying great volumes of water. The verse calls Sindhu the most active of the active, unrestrained, and compares its beauty and presence to a dappled, beautiful mare.
Meter:
- A. ऋजीत्येनी एनी रुशती महिवा ŕ̥jītī énī rúśatī mahitvā́ (11 syllables)
- B. परि ज्रयां॑सि भरते रजां॑सि pári jráyāṃsi bharate rájāṃsi (11 syllables)
- C. अदब्धा सिन्धुः अपसां अपस्तमा ádabdhā síndhuḥ apásām apástamā (12 syllables)
- D. अश्वा न चित्रा वपुषी इव दर्शता áśvā ná citrā́ vápuṣī iva darśatā́ (12 syllables)
ऋजीत्येनी (ŕ̥jītī)
flashing
एनी (énī)
shining
रुशती (rúśatī)
shining
महिवा (mahitvā́)
with might
परि (pári)
around
ज्रयां॑सि (jráyāṃsi)
vast volumes
भरते (bharate)
she carries
रजां॑सि (rájāṃsi)
realms
अदब्धा (ádabdhā)
unrestrained
सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ)
the Sindhu
अपसां (apásām)
of the active ones
अपस्तमा (apástamā)
most active
अश्वा (áśvā)
mare
न (ná)
like
चित्रा (citrā́)
dappled
वपुषी (vápuṣī)
beautiful
इव (iva)
like
दर्शता (darśatā́)
attractive
Stanza 10.75.8
स्वश्वा॒ सिन्धुः॑ सु॒रथा॑ सु॒वासा॑ हिर॒ण्ययी॒ सुकृ॑ता वा॒जिनी॑वती | ऊर्णा॑वती युव॒तिः सी॒लमा॑वत्यु॒ताधि॑ वस्ते सु॒भगा॑ मधु॒वृध॑म् ||
sváśvā síndhuḥ suráthā suvā́sā hiraṇyáyī súkr̥tā vājínīvatī ū́rṇāvatī yuvatíḥ sīlámāvaty utā́dhi vaste subhágā madhuvŕ̥dham
The Sindhu is rich with horses, cars, and fine robes; she is golden, well-made, and full of strength. Youthful and adorned, she, the fortunate one, wears a garment that increases delight.
The hymn describes the Sindhu river as a divine, adorned entity. It possesses excellent horses, chariots, and garments, and is rich with gold, expertly formed, and full of strength. The river is also described as youthful and adorned with wool-like qualities and beauty, happily wearing adornments that bring delight.
Meter: Jagati
- A. सुअश्वा सिन्धुः सु confronted सुवासाः sváśvā síndhuḥ suráthā suvā́sāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. हिरण्ययी सुकृता वाजिनीवती hiraṇyáyī súkr̥tā vājínīvatī (12 syllables)
- C. ऊर्णावती युवतिः शीलमावत्यु ū́rṇāvatī yuvatíḥ sīlámāvatī (12 syllables)
- D. उता अधि वस्ते सुभगा मधुवृधं utá ádhi vaste subhágā madhuvŕ̥dham (12 syllables)
सुअश्वा (sváśvā)
with good horses
सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ)
the Sindhu
सु confronted (suráthā)
with good chariots
सुवासाः (suvā́sāḥ)
with good robes
हिरण्ययी (hiraṇyáyī)
golden
सुकृता (súkr̥tā)
well-made
वाजिनीवती (vājínīvatī)
full of strength/wealth
ऊर्णावती (ū́rṇāvatī)
adorned with wool
युवतिः (yuvatíḥ)
youthful
शीलमावत्यु (sīlámāvatī)
possessing Sila
उता (utá)
and
अधि (ádhi)
upon
वस्ते (vaste)
she wears
सुभगा (subhágā)
fortunate/blessed
मधुवृधं (madhuvŕ̥dham)
increasing delight
Stanza 10.75.9
सु॒खं रथं॑ युयुजे॒ सिन्धु॑र॒श्विनं॒ तेन॒ वाजं॑ सनिषद॒स्मिन्ना॒जौ | म॒हान्ह्य॑स्य महि॒मा प॑न॒स्यतेऽद॑ब्धस्य॒ स्वय॑शसो विर॒प्शिनः॑ ||
sukháṁ ráthaṁ yuyuje síndhur aśvínaṁ téna vā́jaṁ saniṣad asmínn ājaú mahā́n hy àsya mahimā́ panasyáté 'dabdhasya sváyaśaso virapśínaḥ
The Sindhu has yoked her excellent chariot, drawn by horses; with it, may she win the prize in this contest. Great indeed is the glory of the unrestrained, self-glorious, and resounding one.
The hymn describes Sindhu harnessing its chariot, drawn by horses, to achieve victory and gain wealth in a cosmic battle or competition. The stanza then praises the immense and praiseworthy glory of the Sindhu, highlighting its unrestrained nature, self-earned fame, and resounding power.
Meter: Jagati
- A. सुखं रथं युयुजे सिन्धुः अश्विनं sukhám rátham yuyuje síndhuḥ aśvínam (12 syllables)
- B. तेन वाजं सनिषत् अस्मिन् आजौ téna vā́jam saniṣat asmín ājaú (11 syllables)
- C. महान् हि अस्य महिमा पनस्यते mahā́n hí asya mahimā́ panasyáte (12 syllables)
- D. अदब्धस्य स्वयTशसो विरप्सिनः ádabdhasya sváyaśasaḥ virapśínaḥ (12 syllables)
सुखं (sukhám)
easy/pleasant
रथं (rátham)
chariot
युयुजे (yuyuje)
has yoked
सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ)
the Sindhu
अश्विनं (aśvínam)
with horses
तेन (téna)
with that
वाजं (vā́jam)
prize/wealth
सनिषत् (saniṣat)
may she win
अस्मिन् (asmín)
in this
आजौ (ājaú)
contest/battle
महान् (mahā́n)
great
हि (hí)
indeed
अस्य (asya)
its
महिमा (mahimā́)
glory
पनस्यते (panasyáte)
is praised
अदब्धस्य (ádabdhasya)
of the unrestrained
स्वयTशसो (sváyaśasaḥ)
of self-glory
विरप्सिनः (virapśínaḥ)
resounding