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Stanza 10.74.1
वसू॑नां वा चर्कृष॒ इय॑क्षन्धि॒या वा॑ य॒ज्ञैर्वा॒ रोद॑स्योः | अर्व॑न्तो वा॒ ये र॑यि॒मन्तः॑ सा॒तौ व॒नुं वा॒ ये सु॒श्रुणं॑ सु॒श्रुतो॒ धुः ||
vásūnāṁ vā carkr̥ṣa íyakṣan dhiyā́ vā yajñaír vā ródasyoḥ árvanto vā yé rayimántaḥ sātaú vanúṁ vā yé suśrúṇaṁ suśrúto dhúḥ
I am ready to praise with thought or with sacrifices, O divine Vasus, who exist in the heavens and on earth. They are like swift horses, rich in possessions, who win battles and achieve great fame. Let us honor them with what they desire.
The verse describes the invocation of powerful beings, possibly deities or esteemed individuals, who are described as 'Vasus' (wealth-givers). The speaker expresses readiness to praise them through hymns ('dhiya') or sacrifices ('yajña'), addressing them as present in both heaven and earth ('ródasyoḥ'). These beings are also characterized as swift ('árvantaḥ') and wealthy ('rayimántaḥ'), possessing or achieving victory ('sātaú') and gaining renown ('vanúm') and fame ('suśrutáḥ'). The speaker intends to honor them with their chosen offerings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वसू॑नां वा चर्कृष इय॑क्षन् vásūnām vā carkr̥ṣe íyakṣan (11 syllables)
- B. धिया वा यज्ञैः वा रोद॑स्योः dhiyā́ vā yajñaíḥ vā ródasyoḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अर्व॑न्तः वा ये रयि॒मन्तः सातौ árvantaḥ vā yé rayimántaḥ sātaú (11 syllables)
- D. वनुं वा ये सुश्रु॑णं धुः vanúm vā yé suśrúṇam suśrútaḥ dhúḥ (11 syllables)
वसू॑नां (vásūnām)
of the Vasus (wealth-givers/divine beings)
वा (vā)
or
चर्कृष (carkr̥ṣe)
I praise/honor
इय॑क्षन् (íyakṣan)
desiring worship/seeking
धिया (dhiyā́)
with thought/mind/wisdom
वा (vā)
or
यज्ञैः (yajñaíḥ)
with sacrifices
वा (vā)
or
रोद॑स्योः (ródasyoḥ)
of the two realms (heaven and earth)
अर्व॑न्तः (árvantaḥ)
swift ones/horses
वा (vā)
or
ये (yé)
who
रयि॒मन्तः (rayimántaḥ)
possessing wealth/rich
सातौ (sātaú)
in victory/gain
वनुं (vanúm)
glory/fame
वा (vā)
or
ये (yé)
who
सुश्रु॑णं (suśrúṇam)
renowned/famous
(suśrútaḥ)
धुः (dhúḥ)
they bring/cause
Stanza 10.74.2
हव॑ एषा॒मसु॑रो नक्षत॒ द्यां श्र॑वस्य॒ता मन॑सा निंसत॒ क्षाम् | चक्षा॑णा॒ यत्र॑ सुवि॒ताय॑ दे॒वा द्यौर्न वारे॑भिः कृ॒णव॑न्त॒ स्वैः ||
háva eṣām ásuro nakṣata dyā́ṁ śravasyatā́ mánasā niṁsata kṣā́m cákṣāṇā yátra suvitā́ya devā́ dyaúr ná vā́rebhiḥ kr̥ṇávanta svaíḥ
Their call, the divine essence, reaches heaven; they perceive with a glory-seeking mind. As they look upon the earth, may the gods, like the sky, grant us prosperity through their own powers.
This verse continues the theme of invoking powerful beings. Their 'call' ('hávaḥ') and presence ('ásuraḥ') reach heaven ('dyā́m'), as they are perceived with a 'glory-seeking spirit' ('śravasyatā́ mánasā'). They are described as observing ('cákṣāṇāḥ') and bestowing good fortune ('suvitā́ya'). The stanza suggests a divine action, possibly related to the sky ('dyaúḥ'), where they create or bring about benefits, perhaps like the heavens ('vā́rebhiḥ') with their own powers ('svaíḥ').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. हव॑ एषां असु॑रो नक्षत द्यां hávaḥ eṣām ásuraḥ nakṣata dyā́m (11 syllables)
- B. श्रवस्यता मन॑सा निंसत क्षाम् śravasyatā́ mánasā niṃsata kṣā́m (11 syllables)
- C. चक्षा॑णाः यत्र सुविताय देवाः cákṣāṇāḥ yátra suvitā́ya devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. द्यौः न वारेभिः कृणवन्त स्वैः dyaúḥ ná vā́rebhiḥ kr̥ṇávanta svaíḥ (11 syllables)
हव॑ (hávaḥ)
call/invocation
एषां (eṣām)
of these
असु॑रो (ásuraḥ)
divine being/lord
नक्षत (nakṣata)
reaches/attains
द्यां (dyā́m)
heaven
श्रवस्यता (śravasyatā́)
with glory-seeking
मन॑सा (mánasā)
with mind/spirit
निंसत (niṃsata)
sit down/dwell/reside
क्षाम् (kṣā́m)
earth
चक्षा॑णाः (cákṣāṇāḥ)
seeing/observing
यत्र (yátra)
where
सुविताय (suvitā́ya)
for well-being/prosperity
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
sky/heaven
न (ná)
like/as
वारेभिः (vā́rebhiḥ)
with defenses/barriers (like the sky)
कृणवन्त (kr̥ṇávanta)
they make/create
स्वैः (svaíḥ)
with their own
Stanza 10.74.3
इ॒यमे॑षाम॒मृता॑नां॒ गीः स॒र्वता॑ता॒ ये कृ॒पण॑न्त॒ रत्न॑म् | धियं॑ च य॒ज्ञं च॒ साध॑न्त॒स्ते नो॑ धान्तु वस॒व्य१॒॑मसा॑मि ||
iyám eṣām amŕ̥tānāṁ gī́ḥ sarvátātā yé kr̥páṇanta rátnam dhíyaṁ ca yajñáṁ ca sā́dhantas té no dhāntu vasavyàm ásāmi
This is the song of those immortals who desire wealth completely. They who accomplish prayers and sacrifices, may they grant us abundance and a good dwelling.
This verse identifies a 'song' ('gī́ḥ') belonging to the 'immortals' ('amŕ̥tānām') who, in their totality ('sarvátātā'), seek or cherish riches ('ratnam'). These beings are also described as those who accomplish ('sādhántaḥ') prayers ('dhiyam') and sacrifices ('yajñam'). The speaker expresses a desire for these beings to grant them prosperity ('vasavyàm') and a state of non-negation ('asāmi').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इय एषाम् अमृता॑नां गीः iyám eṣām amŕ̥tānām gī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. स॒र्वता॑ता ये कृपण॑न्त रत्न॑म् sarvátātā yé kr̥páṇanta rátnam (11 syllables)
- C. धियं च यज्ञं च साध॑न्तः dhíyam ca yajñám ca sā́dhantaḥ (9 syllables)
- D. ते नो धान्तु वस॒व्य१ असामि té naḥ dhāntu vasavyàm ásāmi (11 syllables)
इय (iyám)
this
एषाम् (eṣām)
of these
अमृता॑नां (amŕ̥tānām)
of the immortals
गीः (gī́ḥ)
song/hymn
स॒र्वता॑ता (sarvátātā)
in entirety/completeness
ये (yé)
who
कृपण॑न्त (kr̥páṇanta)
they cherish/seek/pray for
रत्न॑म् (rátnam)
treasure/wealth
धियं (dhíyam)
thought/prayer/wisdom
च (ca)
and
यज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice
च (ca)
and
साध॑न्तः (sā́dhantaḥ)
accomplishing/achieving
ते (té)
they
नो (naḥ)
to us
धान्तु (dhāntu)
may they give
वस॒व्य१ (vasavyàm)
dwelling/prosperity
असामि (ásāmi)
state of being/existence (implying well-being)
Stanza 10.74.4
आ तत्त॑ इन्द्रा॒यवः॑ पनन्ता॒भि य ऊ॒र्वं गोम॑न्तं॒ तितृ॑त्सान् | स॒कृ॒त्स्वं१॒॑ ये पु॑रुपु॒त्रां म॒हीं स॒हस्र॑धारां बृह॒तीं दुदु॑क्षन् ||
ā́ tát ta indrāyávaḥ panantābhí yá ūrváṁ gómantaṁ títr̥tsān sakr̥tsvàṁ yé puruputrā́m mahī́ṁ sahásradhārām br̥hatī́ṁ dúdukṣan
Those who celebrate you, O Indra, who are the vanquisher of Vritra, they desire to obtain the abundant wealth, like a cow with many streams, which has many progeny and is great. May they milk that which is sought after, even if it comes once.
The verse addresses Indra, praising him for his past achievements, particularly for overcoming obstacles ('vr̥trahā́'). It describes people ('āyávaḥ') who, with desire ('títr̥tsān'), celebrate ('panánta') Indra's actions. They are keen to 'milk' or extract benefits from a great, bountiful source ('mahī́m', 'sahásradhārām', 'br̥hatīm'), which is described as having many offspring ('puruputrā́m') and representing richness, perhaps like a cow ('gómantam ūrvám'). The desire is to obtain this abundance, which is sought even if it comes only once ('sakr̥tsvàm').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ तत्त इन्द्रा यवः प॒न॒न्ता अभि ā́ tát te indra āyávaḥ pananta (11 syllables)
- B. ये पु॒रु॒पु॒त्रां गोम॑न्तं तितृ॑त्सान् सकृत्स्वं abhí yé ūrvám gómantam títr̥tsān (11 syllables)
- C. ये पु॒रु॒पु॒त्रां म॒हीं स॒हस्र॑धारां sakr̥tsvàm yé puruputrā́m mahī́m (11 syllables)
- D. बृह॒तीं दुदु॑क्षन् दुदु॑क्षन् sahásradhārām br̥hatī́m dúdukṣan (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
particle of emphasis
तत्त (tát)
that
इन्द्रा (te)
your
यवः (indra)
O Indra
प॒न॒न्ता (āyávaḥ)
living beings/people
अभि (pananta)
celebrating/praising
ये (abhí)
towards/about
पु॒रु॒पु॒त्रां (yé)
who
गोम॑न्तं (ūrvám)
abundance/wealth
तितृ॑त्सान् (gómantam)
possessing cows/rich
सकृत्स्वं (títr̥tsān)
desiring to break through/obtain
ये (sakr̥tsvàm)
once/single time
पु॒रु॒पु॒त्रां (yé)
who
म॒हीं (puruputrā́m)
having many offspring/progeny
स॒हस्र॑धारां (mahī́m)
great/vast
बृह॒तीं (sahásradhārām)
having a thousand streams (of milk)
दुदु॑क्षन् (br̥hatī́m)
large/great
दुदु॑क्षन् (dúdukṣan)
desiring to milk
Stanza 10.74.5
शची॑व॒ इन्द्र॒मव॑से कृणुध्व॒मना॑नतं द॒मय॑न्तं पृत॒न्यून् | ऋ॒भु॒क्षणं॑ म॒घवा॑नं सुवृ॒क्तिं भर्ता॒ यो वज्रं॒ नर्यं॑ पुरु॒क्षुः ||
śácīva índram ávase kr̥ṇudhvam ánānataṁ damáyantam pr̥tanyū́n r̥bhukṣáṇam maghávānaṁ suvr̥ktím bhártā yó vájraṁ náryam purukṣúḥ
O powerful Indra, worthy of praise, bring him to your aid! He is the unyielding subjugator of enemies, the skillful, the bounteous, the bearer of the thunderbolt, the protector of men, rich in sustenance.
This verse is a direct invocation to Indra, calling him by his epithets: 'Śacīvaḥ' (possessor of power), 'R̥bhukṣaṇam' (master of skill/strength), and 'Maghavānam' (bounteous one). The speaker urges the listeners to bring Indra for assistance ('ávase kr̥ṇudhvam'). Indra is described as unyielding ('ánānatam') and a subjugator of enemies ('damáyantam pr̥tanyūn'). He is also presented as the bearer of the thunderbolt ('vájram') and a powerful protector ('náryam purukṣúḥ'), worthy of praise and support.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. शची॑व इन्द्र अवसे कृणुध्वम śácīvaḥ índram ávase kr̥ṇudhvam (11 syllables)
- B. अना॑नतं दम॑न्तं पृत॒न्यून् ánānatam damáyantam pr̥tanyū́n (11 syllables)
- C. ऋभु॒क्षणं म॒घवा॑नं सुवृ॒क्तिं r̥bhukṣáṇam maghávānam suvr̥ktím (11 syllables)
- D. भर्ता यो वज्रं नर्यं पुरु॒क्षुः bhártā yáḥ vájram náryam purukṣúḥ (11 syllables)
शची॑व (śácīvaḥ)
O possessor of power/strength
इन्द्र (índram)
Indra
अवसे (ávase)
for assistance/protection
कृणुध्वम (kr̥ṇudhvam)
make/bring (you all)
अना॑नतं (ánānatam)
unbending/unyielding
दम॑न्तं (damáyantam)
subduing/taming
पृत॒न्यून् (pr̥tanyū́n)
enemies/foes
ऋभु॒क्षणं (r̥bhukṣáṇam)
master of skill/strength
म॒घवा॑नं (maghávānam)
bounteous/generous
सुवृ॒क्तिं (suvr̥ktím)
praiseworthy/worthy of hymns
भर्ता (bhártā)
bearer/supporter
यो (yáḥ)
who
वज्रं (vájram)
thunderbolt
नर्यं (náryam)
manly/heroic/protector of men
पुरु॒क्षुः (purukṣúḥ)
rich in food/sustenance
Stanza 10.74.6
यद्वा॒वान॑ पुरु॒तमं॑ पुरा॒षाळा वृ॑त्र॒हेन्द्रो॒ नामा॑न्यप्राः | अचे॑ति प्रा॒सह॒स्पति॒स्तुवि॑ष्मा॒न्यदी॑मु॒श्मसि॒ कर्त॑वे॒ कर॒त्तत् ||
yád vāvā́na purutámam purāṣā́ḷ ā́ vr̥trahéndro nā́māny aprāḥ áceti prāsáhas pátis túviṣmān yád īm uśmási kártave kárat tát
Since you have won mightily in the past, O Indra, slayer of Vritra, you have earned your name. You are the supreme lord of victory. Whatever we desire to be done, may you accomplish it.
This verse reflects on Indra's past victories, especially his success in conquering 'Vritra' ('vr̥trahā́'), which earned him his name. The speaker acknowledges that Indra has always been supreme ('purutámam') and has prevailed ('purāṣā́ṭ'). The mighty Indra ('túviṣmān') is seen as the lord of conquest ('prāsáhaḥ pátiḥ'). The verse concludes with a request: whatever the speaker desires to have done ('yát īm uśmási kártave'), that Indra should accomplish ('kárat tát'), recognizing Indra's power and willingness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यदी वावा॑न पुरु॒तमं पुरा॒षाळा yát vāvā́na purutámam purāṣā́ṭ (11 syllables)
- B. आ वृ॒त्र॒हेन्द्रो इन्द्रो नामा॑नि अप्राः ā́ vr̥trahā́ índraḥ nā́māni aprāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अचे॑ति प्रा॒सह स्पतिः तुवि॑ष्मा áceti prāsáhaḥ pátiḥ túviṣmān (11 syllables)
- D. यदी मुश्मसि कर्तवे करत् तत्त तत्त yát īm uśmási kártave kárat tát (11 syllables)
यदी (yát)
that which
वावा॑न (vāvā́na)
having won/conquered
पुरु॒तमं (purutámam)
most supreme/foremost
पुरा॒षाळा (purāṣā́ṭ)
conqueror/overpowering
आ (ā́)
particle of emphasis
वृ॒त्र॒हेन्द्रो (vr̥trahā́)
slayer of Vritra
इन्द्रो (índraḥ)
Indra
नामा॑नि (nā́māni)
names
अप्राः (aprāḥ)
you filled/bestowed
अचे॑ति (áceti)
is perceived/understood
प्रा॒सह (prāsáhaḥ)
of conquest/victory
स्पतिः (pátiḥ)
lord/master
तुवि॑ष्मा (túviṣmān)
mighty/powerful
यदी (yát)
that which
मुश्मसि (īm)
him/it (emphatic)
कर्तवे (uśmási)
we desire
करत् (kártave)
to do/to perform
तत्त (kárat)
may he do/accomplish
तत्त (tát)
that