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Stanza 10.55.1
दू॒रे तन्नाम॒ गुह्यं॑ परा॒चैर्यत्त्वा॑ भी॒ते अह्व॑येतां वयो॒धै | उद॑स्तभ्नाः पृथि॒वीं द्याम॒भीके॒ भ्रातुः॑ पु॒त्रान्म॑घवन्तित्विषा॒णः ||
dūré tán nā́ma gúhyam parācaír yát tvā bhīté áhvayetāṁ vayodhaí úd astabhnāḥ pr̥thivī́ṁ dyā́m abhī́ke bhrā́tuḥ putrā́n maghavan titviṣāṇáḥ
Far away is that secret name, and remote, by which, in fear, the worlds invoked you. You sustained the earth and the sky in proximity, O Maghavan, making brilliant the children of your brother.
This verse describes a secret, hidden name of a deity, possibly Indra, that is far away. When people were in fear, they invoked this name. The deity is credited with supporting both the earth and the sky, bringing them closer. The verse also mentions 'Maghavan' (a epithet for Indra) and 'brother's children', possibly referring to celestial beings or phenomena that were made brilliant by the deity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दू॒रे तन्नाम तन्नाम गुह्यं परा॒चैर्यत्त्वा dūré tát nā́ma gúhyam parācaís (11 syllables)
- B. परा॒चैर्यत्त्वा भी॒ते भी॒ते अह्व॑येतां वयो॒धै yát tvā bhīté áhvayetām vayodhaí (11 syllables)
- C. उद॑स्तभ्नाः उद॑स्तभ्नाः पृथि॒वीं द्याम॒भीके द्याम॒भीके út astabhnāḥ pr̥thivī́m dyā́m abhī́ke (11 syllables)
- D. भ्रातुः॑ पु॒त्रान्म॑घवन्तित्विषा॒णः मघवन्तित्विषा॒णः मघवन्तित्विषा॒णः bhrā́tuḥ putrā́n maghavan titviṣāṇáḥ (11 syllables)
दू॒रे (dūré)
far away
तन्नाम (tát)
that
तन्नाम (nā́ma)
name
गुह्यं (gúhyam)
secret, hidden
परा॒चैर्यत्त्वा (parācaís)
remote, distant
परा॒चैर्यत्त्वा (yát)
by which
भी॒ते (tvā)
you
भी॒ते (bhīté)
in fear
अह्व॑येतां (áhvayetām)
they invoked
वयो॒धै (vayodhaí)
for sustenance, for strength
उद॑स्तभ्नाः (út)
up
उद॑स्तभ्नाः (astabhnāḥ)
you sustained, supported
पृथि॒वीं (pr̥thivī́m)
the earth
द्याम॒भीके (dyā́m)
the sky
द्याम॒भीके (abhī́ke)
in proximity, nearby
भ्रातुः॑ (bhrā́tuḥ)
of the brother
पु॒त्रान्म॑घवन्तित्विषा॒णः (putrā́n)
children
मघवन्तित्विषा॒णः (maghavan)
O wealthy one (Indra)
मघवन्तित्विषा॒णः (titviṣāṇáḥ)
shining, brilliant
Stanza 10.55.2
म॒हत्तन्नाम॒ गुह्यं॑ पुरु॒स्पृग्येन॑ भू॒तं ज॒नयो॒ येन॒ भव्य॑म् | प्र॒त्नं जा॒तं ज्योति॒र्यद॑स्य प्रि॒यं प्रि॒याः सम॑विशन्त॒ पञ्च॑ ||
mahát tán nā́ma gúhyam puruspŕ̥g yéna bhūtáṁ janáyo yéna bhávyam pratnáṁ jātáṁ jyótir yád asya priyám priyā́ḥ sám aviśanta páñca
Great is that secret name, touching all beings, by which you made what is and what shall be. Through it, the ancient, born light, which is beloved, the Five Tribes entered, that which is beloved.
This verse extols the greatness of the deity's secret name, calling it vast and encompassing. It is through this name that all that exists and all that will come into being were created. The verse also mentions 'the Five Tribes' entering into the desired light, which was anciently established. This suggests the name's power over creation and the destiny of groups of beings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. म॒हत्तन्नाम म॒हत्तन्नाम म॒हत्तन्नाम गुह्यं पुरु॒स्पृग्येन mahát tát nā́ma gúhyam puruspŕ̥k (11 syllables)
- B. येन भू॒तं जन॑यो येन भव्य॑म् yéna bhūtám janáyaḥ yéna bhávyam (11 syllables)
- C. प्र॒त्नं जा॒तं ज्योति॒र्यद॑स्य ज्योति॒र्यद॑स्य यद॑स्य pratnám jātám jyótiḥ yát asya (9 syllables)
- D. प्रि॒यं प्रि॒याः सम॑विशन्त सम॑विशन्त पञ्च priyám priyā́ḥ sám aviśanta páñca (11 syllables)
म॒हत्तन्नाम (mahát)
great
म॒हत्तन्नाम (tát)
that
म॒हत्तन्नाम (nā́ma)
name
गुह्यं (gúhyam)
secret, hidden
पुरु॒स्पृग्येन (puruspŕ̥k)
touching all beings, all-pervading
येन (yéna)
by which
भू॒तं (bhūtám)
what has become, what exists
जन॑यो (janáyaḥ)
you made, created
येन (yéna)
by which
भव्य॑म् (bhávyam)
what will be, future
प्र॒त्नं (pratnám)
ancient, old
जा॒तं (jātám)
born, created
ज्योति॒र्यद॑स्य (jyótiḥ)
light
ज्योति॒र्यद॑स्य (yát)
which
यद॑स्य (asya)
its
प्रि॒यं (priyám)
beloved
प्रि॒याः (priyā́ḥ)
beloved (plural)
सम॑विशन्त (sám)
together
सम॑विशन्त (aviśanta)
entered, settled
पञ्च (páñca)
five
Stanza 10.55.3
आ रोद॑सी अपृणा॒दोत मध्यं॒ पञ्च॑ दे॒वाँ ऋ॑तु॒शः स॒प्तस॑प्त | चतु॑स्त्रिंशता पुरु॒धा वि च॑ष्टे॒ सरू॑पेण॒ ज्योति॑षा॒ विव्र॑तेन ||
ā́ ródasī apr̥ṇād ótá mádhyam páñca devā́m̐ r̥tuśáḥ saptá-sapta cátustriṁśatā purudhā́ ví caṣṭe sárūpeṇa jyótiṣā vívratena
You filled the heaven and the earth and the space between, five times seven gods according to seasons. With thirty-four lights you perceive, shining with one form, though diverse in appearance.
This stanza describes a deity, likely Indra, filling the heaven and earth and the space between them with divine beings. It specifies 'five times seven' (thirty-five) gods who appear according to their seasons. The verse further elaborates that this deity oversees thirty-four lights, all appearing with the same form but with diverse movements, suggesting a cosmic order and the manifestation of divine power through celestial phenomena.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दोत रोद॑सी अ॒पृणा॒दोत दोत दोत म॒ध्यं ā́ ródasī apr̥ṇāt ā́ utá mádhyam (11 syllables)
- B. पञ्च दे॒वाँ ऋ॒तु॒शः स॒प्तस॑प्त páñca devā́n r̥tuśás saptá-sapta (11 syllables)
- C. चतु॑स्त्रिंशता पुरु॒धा वि चष्टे cátustriṃśatā purudhā́ ví caṣṭe (11 syllables)
- D. सरू॑पेण ज्योति॑षा विव्र॑तेन sárūpeṇa jyótiṣā vívratena (11 syllables)
दोत (ā́)
and
रोद॑सी (ródasī)
heaven and earth
अ॒पृणा॒दोत (apr̥ṇāt)
you filled
दोत (ā́)
and
दोत (utá)
and
म॒ध्यं (mádhyam)
the middle, intermediate space
पञ्च (páñca)
five
दे॒वाँ (devā́n)
gods
ऋ॒तु॒शः (r̥tuśás)
according to seasons
स॒प्तस॑प्त (saptá-sapta)
seven times seven (thirty-five)
चतु॑स्त्रिंशता (cátustriṃśatā)
with thirty-four
पुरु॒धा (purudhā́)
in many ways, manifoldly
वि (ví)
apart, widely
चष्टे (caṣṭe)
you see, observe
सरू॑पेण (sárūpeṇa)
with the same form
ज्योति॑षा (jyótiṣā)
with light
विव्र॑तेन (vívratena)
though diverse (in movement/action)
Stanza 10.55.4
यदु॑ष॒ औच्छः॑ प्रथ॒मा वि॒भाना॒मज॑नयो॒ येन॑ पु॒ष्टस्य॑ पु॒ष्टम् | यत्ते॑ जामि॒त्वमव॑रं॒ पर॑स्या म॒हन्म॑ह॒त्या अ॑सुर॒त्वमेक॑म् ||
yád uṣa aúchaḥ prathamā́ vibhā́nām ájanayo yéna puṣṭásya puṣṭám yát te jāmitvám ávaram párasyā mahán mahatyā́ asuratvám ékam
As the first among the lights, O Dawn, you shone. By which you created the support of nourishment. Yours is a great, unparalleled divine power, not inferior to the higher or lower.
This verse addresses the dawn (Ushas) as the first among the lights, marveling at her radiant appearance. It praises her for creating sustenance or support ('pushtasya pushtam'). The verse then highlights the deity's immense and unique divine power ('asuratvam ekam'), noting that despite its greatness, it is not inferior ('avaram') to what is above or related to it, implying a profound and unified cosmic principle.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यत्ते यदु॑ष॒ औच्छः प्रथ॒मा वि॒भाना॒मज॑नयो yát uṣaḥ aúchaḥ prathamā́ vibhā́nām (11 syllables)
- B. वि॒भाना॒मज॑नयो येन पु॒ष्टस्य॑ पु॒ष्टम् ájanayaḥ yéna puṣṭásya puṣṭám (11 syllables)
- C. यत्ते यत्ते जामि॒त्वमव॑रं जामि॒त्वमव॑रं पर॑स्या yát te jāmitvám ávaram párasyāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. म॒हन्म॑ह॒त्या म॒हन्म॑ह॒त्या असुर॒त्वमेक॑म् असुर॒त्वमेक॑म् mahát mahatyā́ḥ asuratvám ékam (11 syllables)
यत्ते (yát)
which
यदु॑ष॒ (uṣaḥ)
O Dawn
औच्छः (aúchaḥ)
you shone
प्रथ॒मा (prathamā́)
first
वि॒भाना॒मज॑नयो (vibhā́nām)
of the lights, splendors
वि॒भाना॒मज॑नयो (ájanayaḥ)
you created, brought forth
येन (yéna)
by which
पु॒ष्टस्य॑ (puṣṭásya)
of nourishment, of fullness
पु॒ष्टम् (puṣṭám)
nourishment, support
यत्ते (yát)
which
यत्ते (te)
yours
जामि॒त्वमव॑रं (jāmitvám)
kinship, relation
जामि॒त्वमव॑रं (ávaram)
lower, inferior
पर॑स्या (párasyāḥ)
of the higher, of what is beyond
म॒हन्म॑ह॒त्या (mahát)
great
म॒हन्म॑ह॒त्या (mahatyā́ḥ)
greatness
असुर॒त्वमेक॑म् (asuratvám)
divine power, majesty
असुर॒त्वमेक॑म् (ékam)
one, unique
Stanza 10.55.5
वि॒धुं द॑द्रा॒णं सम॑ने बहू॒नां युवा॑नं॒ सन्तं॑ पलि॒तो ज॑गार | दे॒वस्य॑ पश्य॒ काव्यं॑ महि॒त्वाद्या म॒मार॒ स ह्यः समा॑न ||
vidhúṁ dadrāṇáṁ sámane bahūnā́ṁ yúvānaṁ sántam palitó jagāra devásya paśya kā́vyam mahitvā́dyā́ mamā́ra sá hyáḥ sám āna
The old has swallowed the moving Moon and the young one who is present. Behold the divine wisdom in its greatness: that which died yesterday, lives today, for he is alive.
This verse speaks of the Moon ('vidhum'), described as old, moving in unison with many others. It also mentions a young one ('yuvānam') who is present but has been 'swallowed' by old age ('palitah jagāra'). The stanza poetically observes the divine wisdom ('kavyam mahitva') in this cycle of change, stating that what died yesterday is alive today, alluding to renewal and the continuous flow of existence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वि॒धुं द॑द्रा॒णं सम॑ने बहू॒नां vidhúm dadrāṇám sámane bahūnā́m (11 syllables)
- B. युवा॑नं स॒न्तं पलि॒तो ज॑गार yúvānam sántam palitáḥ jagāra (11 syllables)
- C. दे॒वस्य॑ पश्य काव्यं महि॒त्वाद्या devásya paśya kā́vyam mahitvā́ (11 syllables)
- D. द्या म॒मार स ह्यः समा समा॑न adyá + mamā́ra sá hyás sám āna (11 syllables)
वि॒धुं (vidhúm)
the moon (as old)
द॑द्रा॒णं (dadrāṇám)
moving, running
सम॑ने (sámane)
in unison, together
बहू॒नां (bahūnā́m)
of many
युवा॑नं (yúvānam)
the young one
स॒न्तं (sántam)
being, existing
पलि॒तो (palitáḥ)
old age, the aged one
ज॑गार (jagāra)
has swallowed, consumed
दे॒वस्य॑ (devásya)
of the divine
पश्य (paśya)
behold, see
काव्यं (kā́vyam)
wisdom, poetic power
महि॒त्वाद्या (mahitvā́)
by greatness, by glory
द्या (adyá +)
today
म॒मार (mamā́ra)
died
स (sá)
he
ह्यः (hyás)
indeed, verily
समा (sám)
together, alive
समा॑न (āna)
breathed, lived
Stanza 10.55.6
शाक्म॑ना शा॒को अ॑रु॒णः सु॑प॒र्ण आ यो म॒हः शूरः॑ स॒नादनी॑ळः | यच्चि॒केत॑ स॒त्यमित्तन्न मोघं॒ वसु॑ स्पा॒र्हमु॒त जेतो॒त दाता॑ ||
śā́kmanā śākó aruṇáḥ suparṇá ā́ yó maháḥ śū́raḥ sanā́d ánīḷaḥ yác cikéta satyám ít tán ná móghaṁ vásu spārhám utá jétotá dā́tā
Strong is the red bird, the great hero, who from ancient times has had no abode. Whatever he knows, that is true and not in vain; he is the winner and the giver of desired wealth.
This verse describes a powerful, red bird ('śākáḥ aruṇaḥ suparṇaḥ'), likely a divine entity or symbol, possessing great strength and heroism. It is noted that this being, from ancient times, has had no fixed dwelling place ('anīḷaḥ'). The verse asserts that whatever this being knows is true and effective ('satyam it tan na mogham'). It is also portrayed as a winner and a giver of desired wealth, highlighting its divine attributes and generative power.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. शाक्म॑ना शा॒को अ॒रु॒णः सु॒प॒र्ण śā́kmanā śākáḥ aruṇáḥ suparṇáḥ (11 syllables)
- B. आ यो म॒हः शूरः स॒नादनी॑ळः स॒नादनी॑ळः ā́ yáḥ maháḥ śū́raḥ sanā́t ánīḷaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. यच्चि॒केत यच्चि॒केत स॒त्यमित् स॒त्यमित् तन्न तन्न मोगं yát cikéta satyám ít tát ná mógham (11 syllables)
- D. वसु स्पा॒र्हमु॒त जेतो॒त जेतो॒त जेतो॒त दाता vásu spārhám utá jétā utá dā́tā (11 syllables)
शाक्म॑ना (śā́kmanā)
by strength
शा॒को (śākáḥ)
strong one, capable one
अ॒रु॒णः (aruṇáḥ)
red
सु॒प॒र्ण (suparṇáḥ)
having good wings, a mythical bird
आ (ā́)
indeed
यो (yáḥ)
who
म॒हः (maháḥ)
great
शूरः (śū́raḥ)
hero
स॒नादनी॑ळः (sanā́t)
from of old, anciently
स॒नादनी॑ळः (ánīḷaḥ)
without abode, homeless
यच्चि॒केत (yát)
what
यच्चि॒केत (cikéta)
knows, perceives
स॒त्यमित् (satyám)
truth
स॒त्यमित् (ít)
indeed
तन्न (tát)
that
तन्न (ná)
not
मोगं (mógham)
in vain, idle
वसु (vásu)
wealth
स्पा॒र्हमु॒त (spārhám)
desired, longed-for
जेतो॒त (utá)
and
जेतो॒त (jétā)
winner
जेतो॒त (utá)
and
दाता (dā́tā)
giver
Stanza 10.55.7
ऐभि॑र्ददे॒ वृष्ण्या॒ पौंस्या॑नि॒ येभि॒रौक्ष॑द्वृत्र॒हत्या॑य व॒ज्री | ये कर्म॑णः क्रि॒यमा॑णस्य म॒ह्न ऋ॑तेक॒र्ममु॒दजा॑यन्त दे॒वाः ||
aíbhir dade vŕ̥ṣṇyā paúṁsyāni yébhir aúkṣad vr̥trahátyāya vajrī́ yé kármaṇaḥ kriyámāṇasya mahná r̥tekarmám udájāyanta devā́ḥ
Through these, the thunderer obtained strong, heroic powers, through which he grew for the killing of Vritra. Who, by the greatness of the action being performed, were born as gods according to order.
This verse describes how the wielder of the thunderbolt ('vajrin'), likely Indra, obtained his powerful ('vṛṣṇyā') and heroic ('paumsyāni') qualities. It was through these qualities that he grew strong ('aukṣat') for the task of defeating Vritra. The verse concludes by stating that through the greatness of the action ('karmaṇaḥ mahnā'), which was being performed, the gods were born ('udajāyanta') in accordance with cosmic order and law ('r̥tékarmam').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऐभि ऐभि ददे वृष्ण्या पौंस्या॑नि ā́ ebhiḥ dade vŕ̥ṣṇyā paúṃsyāni (11 syllables)
- B. येभि औक्ष॑द्वृत्र॒हत्या॑य वृत्र॒हत्या॑य व॒ज्री yébhiḥ aúkṣat vr̥trahátyāya vajrī́ (11 syllables)
- C. ये कर्म॑णः क्रि॒यमा॑णस्य म॒ह्न yé kármaṇaḥ kriyámāṇasya mahnā́ (11 syllables)
- D. ऋ॒तेक॒र्ममु॒दजा॑यन्त ऋ॒तेक॒र्ममु॒दजा॑यन्त दे॒वाः r̥tekarmám udájāyanta devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
ऐभि (ā́)
through
ऐभि (ebhiḥ)
these
ददे (dade)
obtained, acquired
वृष्ण्या (vŕ̥ṣṇyā)
strength, vigor
पौंस्या॑नि (paúṃsyāni)
heroic deeds, manly powers
येभि (yébhiḥ)
through which
औक्ष॑द्वृत्र॒हत्या॑य (aúkṣat)
he grew, he waxed
वृत्र॒हत्या॑य (vr̥trahátyāya)
for the killing of Vritra
व॒ज्री (vajrī́)
wielder of the thunderbolt
ये (yé)
who
कर्म॑णः (kármaṇaḥ)
of the action, of the work
क्रि॒यमा॑णस्य (kriyámāṇasya)
being performed, in the process of being done
म॒ह्न (mahnā́)
by greatness, by might
ऋ॒तेक॒र्ममु॒दजा॑यन्त (r̥tekarmám)
in accordance with order and action
ऋ॒तेक॒र्ममु॒दजा॑यन्त (udájāyanta)
were born, arose
दे॒वाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
Stanza 10.55.8
यु॒जा कर्मा॑णि ज॒नय॑न्वि॒श्वौजा॑ अशस्ति॒हा वि॒श्वम॑नास्तुरा॒षाट् | पी॒त्वी सोम॑स्य दि॒व आ वृ॑धा॒नः शूरो॒ निर्यु॒धाध॑म॒द्दस्यू॑न् ||
yujā́ kármāṇi janáyan viśvaújā aśastihā́ viśvámanās turāṣā́ṭ pītvī́ sómasya divá ā́ vr̥dhānáḥ śū́ro nír yudhā́dhamad dásyūn
Performing works with his companion, all-powerful, curse-averting, all-knowing, rapid victor. Having drunk Soma, growing, the hero blew the Dasyus from the sky with his weapon.
This verse describes a powerful being, likely Indra, who performs actions with a companion, is all-knowing ('viśvamana'), and a rapid conqueror ('turāṣāṭ'). He is also an averter of curses ('aśastihā'). After drinking Soma, he grows in power and drives away the Dasyus (enemies/aborigines) from the heavens with his weapon. This portrays the deity as a formidable warrior who upholds cosmic order and protects the celestial realm.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यु॒जा कर्मा॑णि जन॑यन्वि॒श्वौजा वि॒श्वौजा yujā́ kármāṇi janáyan viśvaújāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अशस्ति॒हा वि॒श्वम॑नास्तुरा॒षाट् वि॒श्वम॑नास्तुरा॒षाट् aśastihā́ viśvámanāḥ turāṣā́ṭ (11 syllables)
- C. पी॒त्वी सोम॑स्य दि॒व आ वृ॒धा॒नः pītvī́ sómasya diváḥ ā́ vr̥dhānáḥ (11 syllables)
- D. शूरो नि॒यु॒धाध॑म॒द्दस्यू॑न् नि॒यु॒धाध॑म॒द्दस्यू॑न् नि॒यु॒धाध॑म॒द्दस्यू॑न् दस्यू॑न् śū́raḥ nís yudhā́ adhamat dásyūn (10 syllables)
यु॒जा (yujā́)
with a companion, yoked
कर्मा॑णि (kármāṇi)
actions, works
जन॑यन्वि॒श्वौजा (janáyan)
performing, creating
वि॒श्वौजा (viśvaújāḥ)
all-powerful
अशस्ति॒हा (aśastihā́)
curse-averter
वि॒श्वम॑नास्तुरा॒षाट् (viśvámanāḥ)
all-perceiving, all-knowing
वि॒श्वम॑नास्तुरा॒षाट् (turāṣā́ṭ)
rapid victor
पी॒त्वी (pītvī́)
having drunk
सोम॑स्य (sómasya)
of Soma
दि॒व (diváḥ)
from the sky, from the heavens
आ (ā́)
away
वृ॒धा॒नः (vr̥dhānáḥ)
growing, increasing
शूरो (śū́raḥ)
hero
नि॒यु॒धाध॑म॒द्दस्यू॑न् (nís)
out, forth
नि॒यु॒धाध॑म॒द्दस्यू॑न् (yudhā́)
with a weapon
नि॒यु॒धाध॑म॒द्दस्यू॑न् (adhamat)
he blew, he drove
दस्यू॑न् (dásyūn)
enemies (often associated with non-Vedic people)