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Stanza 10.49.1
अ॒हं दां॑ गृण॒ते पूर्व्यं॒ वस्व॒हं ब्रह्म॑ कृणवं॒ मह्यं॒ वर्ध॑नम् | अ॒हं भु॑वं॒ यज॑मानस्य चोदि॒ताय॑ज्वनः साक्षि॒ विश्व॑स्मि॒न्भरे॑ ||
aháṁ dāṁ gr̥ṇaté pū́rvyaṁ vásv ahám bráhma kr̥ṇavam máhyaṁ várdhanam ahám bhuvaṁ yájamānasya coditā́yajvanaḥ sākṣi víśvasmin bháre
I bestow wealth upon the singer who praises me; I embrace the sacred hymn that strengthens me. I, the inspirer of the sacrificer, have conquered in every battle those who do not worship.
The hymn is a powerful declaration of Indra's self-aggrandizement and his role as a divine force. He asserts his dominance in bestowing wealth upon those who praise him and in strengthening himself through sacred hymns. Indra highlights his active participation in the lives of his devotees, acting as a motivator for those who perform sacrifices. Crucially, he emphasizes his victory over those who do not worship him, positioning himself as the supreme victor in all conflicts.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अहं दां गृणते पूर्वयं वस्वं ahám dām gr̥ṇaté pū́rvyam vásu (12 syllables)
- B. अहं ब्रह्म कृणवं मह्यं वर्धनं ahám bráhma kr̥ṇavam máhyam várdhanam (12 syllables)
- C. अहं भुवं यजमानस्य चोदिताय ahám bhuvam yájamānasya coditā́ (12 syllables)
- D. अयज्वनः साक्षि विश्वस्मिन् भरे áyajvanaḥ sākṣi víśvasmin bháre (11 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
दां (dām)
I bestow
गृणते (gr̥ṇaté)
to the one who sings praises
पूर्वयं (pū́rvyam)
surpassing, excellent
वस्वं (vásu)
wealth, treasure
अहं (ahám)
I
ब्रह्म (bráhma)
sacred hymn, praise
कृणवं (kr̥ṇavam)
I make, I embrace
मह्यं (máhyam)
for me, unto me
वर्धनं (várdhanam)
strengthening, that which increases
अहं (ahám)
I
भुवं (bhuvam)
I become, I am
यजमानस्य (yájamānasya)
of the one who performs sacrifice
चोदिताय (coditā́)
the inspirer, the motivator
अयज्वनः (áyajvanaḥ)
those who do not worship or sacrifice
साक्षि (sākṣi)
I conquered, I overcame
विश्वस्मिन् (víśvasmin)
in all, in every
भरे (bháre)
in battle, in contest
Stanza 10.49.2
मां धु॒रिन्द्रं॒ नाम॑ दे॒वता॑ दि॒वश्च॒ ग्मश्चा॒पां च॑ ज॒न्तवः॑ | अ॒हं हरी॒ वृष॑णा॒ विव्र॑ता र॒घू अ॒हं वज्रं॒ शव॑से धृ॒ष्ण्वा द॑दे ||
mā́ṁ dhur índraṁ nā́ma devátā diváś ca gmáś cāpā́ṁ ca jantávaḥ aháṁ hárī vŕ̥ṣaṇā vívratā raghū́ aháṁ vájraṁ śávase dhr̥ṣṇv ā́ dade
The gods, the earth, and the waters established me with the name of Indra. I took the two swift, powerful horses, and I seized the strong thunderbolt for my might.
In this stanza, Indra proclaims his supreme divine status, asserting that the celestial realms, the earth, and the waters themselves established him as the foremost deity. He connects his identity with the name 'Indra', signifying his power and preeminence. Furthermore, he describes taking hold of his powerful attributes: the swift, strong horses that carry him across vast distances, and his formidable thunderbolt, which he wields for strength and might.
Meter: Jagati
- A. मां धुः इन्द्रं नाम देवता mā́m dhuḥ índram nā́ma devátā (11 syllables)
- B. दिवः च ग्मः च अपां च diváḥ ca gmáḥ ca apā́m ca jantávaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. अहं हरी वृषणा विव्रता रघू ahám hárī vŕ̥ṣaṇā vívratā raghū́ (12 syllables)
- D. अहं वज्रं शवसे धृष्णु आ ददे ahám vájram śávase dhr̥ṣṇú ā́ dade (12 syllables)
मां (mā́m)
me
धुः (dhuḥ)
they established, they placed
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra (as the name)
नाम (nā́ma)
by name
देवता (devátā)
the gods, divine beings
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky, of the heavens
च (ca)
and
ग्मः (gmáḥ)
of the earth
च (ca)
and
अपां (apā́m)
of the waters
च (ca)
and
(jantávaḥ)
अहं (ahám)
I
हरी (hárī)
the two horses
वृषणा (vŕ̥ṣaṇā)
powerful, vigorous
विव्रता (vívratā)
swiftly moving, speeding
रघू (raghū́)
quick, rapid
अहं (ahám)
I
वज्रं (vájram)
thunderbolt, weapon
शवसे (śávase)
for strength, for power
धृष्णु (dhr̥ṣṇú)
bold, powerful
आ (ā́)
took
ददे (dade)
I took
Stanza 10.49.3
अ॒हमत्कं॑ क॒वये॑ शिश्नथं॒ हथै॑र॒हं कुत्स॑मावमा॒भिरू॒तिभिः॑ | अ॒हं शुष्ण॑स्य॒ श्नथि॑ता॒ वध॑र्यमं॒ न यो र॒र आर्यं॒ नाम॒ दस्य॑वे ||
ahám átkaṁ kaváye śiśnathaṁ háthair aháṁ kútsam āvam ābhír ūtíbhiḥ aháṁ śúṣṇasya śnáthitā vádhar yamaṁ ná yó rará ā́ryaṁ nā́ma dásyave
I struck down Atka for Kavi with weapons. I protected Kutsa with my aids. I, the shatterer of Shushna, wielded the deadly weapon. I did not surrender the Aryan name to the Dasyu.
Indra asserts his prowess by recounting his victories against various adversaries. He claims to have struck down 'Atka' for 'Kavi', protected 'Kutsa' with his aids, and acted as the destroyer of 'Shushna'. He emphasizes his role in shattering the power of his enemies. Importantly, he declares that he did not relinquish the honorable title of 'Aryan' to the 'Dasyu' (non-Aryan) foes, highlighting his commitment to upholding the Aryan identity and superiority.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अहं अत्कं कवये शिश्नथं हथैः ahám átkam kaváye śiśnatham háthaiḥ (12 syllables)
- B. अहं कुत्स आवम आभिः ऊतिभिः ahám kútsam āvam ābhíḥ ūtíbhiḥ (12 syllables)
- C. अहं शुष्णस्य श्नथिता वधर यम ahám śúṣṇasya śnáthitā vádhar yamam (12 syllables)
- D. न यः ररे आर्यं नाम दस्यवे ná yáḥ raré ā́ryam nā́ma dásyave (12 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
अत्कं (átkam)
garment, veil, possibly a symbolic term for the foe
कवये (kaváye)
for Kavi (a sage or patron)
शिश्नथं (śiśnatham)
I struck, I pierced
हथैः (háthaiḥ)
with weapons, with blows
अहं (ahám)
I
कुत्स (kútsam)
Kutsa (a sage or hero)
आवम (āvam)
I protected, I guarded
आभिः (ābhíḥ)
these
ऊतिभिः (ūtíbhiḥ)
with aids, with protections
अहं (ahám)
I
शुष्णस्य (śúṣṇasya)
of Shushna (a demon)
श्नथिता (śnáthitā)
the destroyer, the shatterer
वधर (vádhar)
weapon, dart, destructive force
यम (yamam)
I wielded, I controlled
न (ná)
not
यः (yáḥ)
which
ररे (raré)
I obtained, I held
आर्यं (ā́ryam)
Aryan (honorable, noble)
नाम (nā́ma)
name, reputation
दस्यवे (dásyave)
to the Dasyu (non-Aryan enemy)
Stanza 10.49.4
अ॒हं पि॒तेव॑ वेत॒सूँर॒भिष्ट॑ये॒ तुग्रं॒ कुत्सा॑य॒ स्मदि॑भं च रन्धयम् | अ॒हं भु॑वं॒ यज॑मानस्य रा॒जनि॒ प्र यद्भरे॒ तुज॑ये॒ न प्रि॒याधृषे॑ ||
ahám pitéva vetasū́m̐r abhíṣṭaye túgraṁ kútsāya smádibhaṁ ca randhayam ahám bhuvaṁ yájamānasya rājáni prá yád bháre tújaye ná priyā́dhŕ̥ṣe
Like a father, I gave Vetasus, Tugra, and Smadibha to Kutsa for his protection. I became a king for the worshipper, when I promoted Tuji with beloved and inviolable gifts.
Indra showcases his protective and generative role for his devotees. He describes himself as a father figure, providing Vetasus, Tugra, and Smadibha as prey for Kutsa, thus aiding him. Indra then elevates his own status, stating he was a king worthy of ruling the worshipper, especially when he brought prosperity ('Tuji') and offered beloved, inviolable gifts, emphasizing his just and powerful kingship over his followers.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अहं पितेव इव वेतसूँ अभिष्टये ahám pitā́ iva vetasū́n abhíṣṭaye (12 syllables)
- B. तुग्रं कुत्साय स्मदिभं च रन्धयम् túgram kútsāya smádibham ca randhayam (12 syllables)
- C. अहं भुवं यजमानस्य राजनि ahám bhuvam yájamānasya rājáni (12 syllables)
- D. प्र यत् भरे तुजये न प्रिया आधृषे prá yát bháre tújaye ná priyā́ ādhŕ̥ṣe (12 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
पितेव (pitā́)
father
इव (iva)
like, as
वेतसूँ (vetasū́n)
Vetasus (a person or tribe)
अभिष्टये (abhíṣṭaye)
for protection, for help
तुग्रं (túgram)
Tugra (a person or tribe)
कुत्साय (kútsāya)
to Kutsa
स्मदिभं (smádibham)
Smadibha (a person or tribe)
च (ca)
and
रन्धयम् (randhayam)
I made them submit, I delivered them
अहं (ahám)
I
भुवं (bhuvam)
I became, I was
यजमानस्य (yájamānasya)
of the worshipper, of the sacrificer
राजनि (rājáni)
as king, in reign
प्र (prá)
forward, onward
यत् (yát)
what
भरे (bháre)
I bear, I carry
तुजये (tújaye)
to Tuji (a person or concept)
न (ná)
not
प्रिया (priyā́)
beloved
आधृषे (ādhŕ̥ṣe)
inviolable, unassailable
Stanza 10.49.5
अ॒हं र॑न्धयं॒ मृग॑यं श्रु॒तर्व॑णे॒ यन्माजि॑हीत व॒युना॑ च॒नानु॒षक् | अ॒हं वे॒शं न॒म्रमा॒यवे॑ऽकरम॒हं सव्या॑य॒ पड्गृ॑भिमरन्धयम् ||
aháṁ randhayam mŕ̥gayaṁ śrutárvaṇe yán mā́jihīta vayúnā canā́nuṣák aháṁ veśáṁ namrám āyáve 'karam aháṁ sávyāya páḍgr̥bhim arandhayam
I delivered Mrigaya to Shrutavarna as prey, because they continually followed and understood me. I made Veśha and Namra pliable for Ayu. I caused Padagribhi to be subdued for Savya.
Indra recounts his actions in subduing rivals and bending them to his will. He mentions delivering 'Mrigaya' as prey to 'Shrutavarna' because they consistently followed and understood him. He then describes making 'Vesha' and 'Namra' pliable for 'Ayu', and further causing 'Padagribhi' to submit to 'Savya'. This illustrates Indra's power to control and bring enemies or challenging figures under the influence of his allies or his own command.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अहं रन्धयं मृगयं श्रुतर्वणे ahám randhayam mŕ̥gayam śrutárvaṇe (12 syllables)
- B. यन् मा अजिहीता वयुना चना अनुषक् yát mā ájihīta vayúnā caná ānuṣák (12 syllables)
- C. अहं वेशं नम्रम आयवे अकरम ahám veśám namrám āyáve akaram (12 syllables)
- D. अहं सव्याय पड्गृभिम अरन्धयम् ahám sávyāya páḍgr̥bhim arandhayam (12 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
रन्धयं (randhayam)
I made submit, I delivered
मृगयं (mŕ̥gayam)
Mrigaya (a person or tribe)
श्रुतर्वणे (śrutárvaṇe)
to Shrutavarna (a person or tribe)
यन् (yát)
because, since
मा (mā)
me
अजिहीता (ájihīta)
he went, he followed
वयुना (vayúnā)
wisdom, understanding, knowledge
चना (caná)
indeed, also
अनुषक् (ānuṣák)
continuously, always
अहं (ahám)
I
वेशं (veśám)
Vesha (a person or concept)
नम्रम (namrám)
bending, pliable
आयवे (āyáve)
for Ayu (a person or lineage)
अकरम (akaram)
I made
अहं (ahám)
I
सव्याय (sávyāya)
for Savya (a person or concept)
पड्गृभिम (páḍgr̥bhim)
Padagribhi (a person or concept)
अरन्धयम् (arandhayam)
I did not make submit, I did not deliver
Stanza 10.49.6
अ॒हं स यो नव॑वास्त्वं बृ॒हद्र॑थं॒ सं वृ॒त्रेव॒ दासं॑ वृत्र॒हारु॑जम् | यद्व॒र्धय॑न्तं प्र॒थय॑न्तमानु॒षग्दू॒रे पा॒रे रज॑सो रोच॒नाक॑रम् ||
aháṁ sá yó návavāstvam br̥hádrathaṁ sáṁ vr̥tréva dā́saṁ vr̥trahā́rujam yád vardháyantam pratháyantam ānuṣág dūré pāré rájaso rocanā́karam
I destroyed Navavastva of the great chariot, the Dasa, like the slayer of Vr̥itra. When I made them grow and spread, I brought the light-giving beings to the farthest reaches of the sky.
Indra powerfully describes his destructive and creative capabilities. He states that he, like the Vr̥itra-slayer, crushed 'Navavastva' and the 'Dasa' who possessed a grand chariot. He then transitions to his cosmic role, proclaiming that he brought forth the gods of light ('rocanā') to expand and shine in the farthest reaches of the sky. This duality shows Indra as both a vanquisher of enemies and a bringer of cosmic order and brilliance.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अहं स यः नववास्त्वं बृहद्रथं ahám sá yáḥ návavāstvam br̥hádratham (12 syllables)
- B. सं वृत्रेव इव दासं वृत्रहारु आरुजं sám vr̥trā́ iva dā́sam vr̥trahā́ árujam (12 syllables)
- C. यत् वर्धयन्तं प्रथयन्तं आनुषग् yát vardháyantam pratháyantam ānuṣák (12 syllables)
- D. दूरे पारे रजसो रोचनाक अकरम dūré pāré rájasaḥ rocanā́ ákaram (12 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
स (sá)
he
यः (yáḥ)
who
नववास्त्वं (návavāstvam)
Navavastva (a person or foe)
बृहद्रथं (br̥hádratham)
of the great chariot
सं (sám)
together, completely
वृत्रेव (vr̥trā́)
obstacles, enclosures (referring to Vr̥itra)
इव (iva)
like
दासं (dā́sam)
Dasa (a non-Aryan)
वृत्रहारु (vr̥trahā́)
the slayer of Vr̥itra
आरुजं (árujam)
I broke, I destroyed
यत् (yát)
when
वर्धयन्तं (vardháyantam)
causing to grow, increasing
प्रथयन्तं (pratháyantam)
causing to spread, expanding
आनुषग् (ānuṣák)
straightway, immediately
दूरे (dūré)
far
पारे (pāré)
beyond, on the far side
रजसो (rájasaḥ)
of the sky, of the atmosphere
रोचनाक (rocanā́)
lights, luminous beings
अकरम (ákaram)
I made, I brought forth
Stanza 10.49.7
अ॒हं सूर्य॑स्य॒ परि॑ याम्या॒शुभिः॒ प्रैत॒शेभि॒र्वह॑मान॒ ओज॑सा | यन्मा॑ सा॒वो मनु॑ष॒ आह॑ नि॒र्णिज॒ ऋध॑क्कृषे॒ दासं॒ कृत्व्यं॒ हथैः॑ ||
aháṁ sū́ryasya pári yāmy āśúbhiḥ praítaśébhir váhamāna ójasā yán mā sāvó mánuṣa ā́ha nirṇíja ŕ̥dhak kr̥ṣe dā́saṁ kŕ̥tvyaṁ háthaiḥ
I travel around the Sun with swift horses, carried by my strength. When the call of man's prayer reaches the sacred space, I quickly repel the powerful Dasyu with my weapons.
Indra describes his cosmic journey and his role in responding to human devotion. He states that he traverses the sky with the Sun, carried by swift, dappled horses, propelled by his own might. He then declares that when a human's prayer ('sāvaḥ') calls him, especially towards the 'nirṇij' (a ritualistic covering or sacred space), he effectively repels the 'Dasyu' (enemies) with his weapons ('hathaiḥ'). This highlights his responsiveness to devotion and his role as a protector against malevolent forces.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अहं सूर्यस्य परि याम्या आशुभिः ahám sū́ryasya pári yāmi āśúbhiḥ (12 syllables)
- B. प्र एतशेभिः वहमान ओजसा prá etaśébhiḥ váhamānaḥ ójasā (12 syllables)
- C. यन् मा सावो मनुष आह निर्णिजे yát mā sāváḥ mánuṣaḥ ā́ha nirṇíje (12 syllables)
- D. ऋधक् कृषे दास कृत्यं हथैः ŕ̥dhak kr̥ṣe dā́sam kŕ̥tvyam háthaiḥ (12 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of the Sun
परि (pári)
around
याम्या (yāmi)
I go, I travel
आशुभिः (āśúbhiḥ)
with swift ones
प्र (prá)
forward
एतशेभिः (etaśébhiḥ)
with horses
वहमान (váhamānaḥ)
carrying, moving
ओजसा (ójasā)
with strength, with vigor
यन् (yát)
when
मा (mā)
me
सावो (sāváḥ)
libation, prayer, invocation
मनुष (mánuṣaḥ)
of man, human
आह (ā́ha)
he calls, he invites
निर्णिजे (nirṇíje)
to the sacred covering, to the place of honor
ऋधक् (ŕ̥dhak)
quickly, swiftly
कृषे (kr̥ṣe)
I draw, I exert
दास (dā́sam)
Dasa (enemy)
कृत्यं (kŕ̥tvyam)
powerful, effective
हथैः (háthaiḥ)
with weapons, with blows
Stanza 10.49.8
अ॒हं स॑प्त॒हा नहु॑षो॒ नहु॑ष्टरः॒ प्राश्रा॑वयं॒ शव॑सा तु॒र्वशं॒ यदु॑म् | अ॒हं न्य१॒॑न्यं सह॑सा॒ सह॑स्करं॒ नव॒ व्राध॑तो नव॒तिं च॑ वक्षयम् ||
aháṁ saptahā́ náhuṣo náhuṣṭaraḥ prā́śrāvayaṁ śávasā turváśaṁ yádum aháṁ ny ànyáṁ sáhasā sáhas karaṁ náva vrā́dhato navatíṁ ca vakṣayam
I am stronger than Nahusha, who is greater than Nahusha. With my strength, I proclaimed Turvaga and Yadu. I subdued another with my strength and made his power yield. I caused nine and ninety followers to grow.
Indra asserts his supreme power and strength, surpassing even legendary figures. He claims to be greater and stronger than Nahusha, having defeated him. He then describes how he used his might ('śavasā') to glorify ('praśrāvayam') the noble tribes of Turvaga and Yadu. Indra further emphasizes his ability to overcome others, stating he subdued another foe ('anyam') with his own strength ('sahasā') and made his power yield ('sahah karam'). Finally, he speaks of empowering 'ninety-nine' (representing numerous) followers or entities ('vrādhataḥ'), signifying his vast influence.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अहं सप्तहा नहुषो नहुष्टरः ahám saptahā́ náhuṣaḥ náhuṣṭaraḥ (12 syllables)
- B. प्रा अश्रावयं शवसा तुर्वशं यदुं prá aśrāvayam śávasā turváśam yádum (12 syllables)
- C. अहं न्य१ अन्यं सहसा सह करं ahám ní anyám sáhasā sáhaḥ karam (12 syllables)
- D. नव व्राधतो नवतिं च वक्षयम् náva vrā́dhataḥ navatím ca vakṣayam (12 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
सप्तहा (saptahā́)
slayer of seven (foes or divisions)
नहुषो (náhuṣaḥ)
than Nahusha
नहुष्टरः (náhuṣṭaraḥ)
more powerful than Nahusha
प्रा (prá)
forward
अश्रावयं (aśrāvayam)
I made heard, I proclaimed
शवसा (śávasā)
with strength, with power
तुर्वशं (turváśam)
Turvaga (a tribe)
यदुं (yádum)
Yadu (a tribe)
अहं (ahám)
I
न्य१ (ní)
down
अन्यं (anyám)
another
सहसा (sáhasā)
with force, with strength
सह (sáhaḥ)
strength
करं (karam)
I made, I caused
नव (náva)
nine
व्राधतो (vrā́dhataḥ)
those who increase, those who prosper
नवतिं (navatím)
ninety
च (ca)
and
वक्षयम् (vakṣayam)
I caused to move forward, I fostered
Stanza 10.49.9
अ॒हं स॒प्त स्र॒वतो॑ धारयं॒ वृषा॑ द्रवि॒त्न्वः॑ पृथि॒व्यां सी॒रा अधि॑ | अ॒हमर्णां॑सि॒ वि ति॑रामि सु॒क्रतु॑र्यु॒धा वि॑दं॒ मन॑वे गा॒तुमि॒ष्टये॑ ||
aháṁ saptá sraváto dhārayaṁ vŕ̥ṣā dravitnvàḥ pr̥thivyā́ṁ sīrā́ ádhi ahám árṇāṁsi ví tirāmi sukrátur yudhā́ vidam mánave gātúm iṣṭáye
I, the powerful one, sustain the seven flowing rivers and the channels of the earth. I, with great wisdom, spread the unnavigable waters. Through battle, I find the path for man to achieve success.
Indra describes his mastery over the waters and his role in bringing prosperity and success to humanity. He states that he, the powerful one, holds the seven flowing rivers and has dominion over the earth's channels ('sīrāḥ'). He clarifies that he, the wise and capable ('sukratuḥ'), spreads ('vitirāmi') the unnavigable waters ('arṇāṃsi'). Furthermore, he asserts that through warfare ('yudhā'), he finds ('vidam') the way ('gātum') for humanity ('manave') to achieve desired success ('iṣṭaye'), indicating his role in both cosmic control and facilitating human welfare.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अहं सप्त स्रवतो धारयं वृषा ahám saptá sravátaḥ dhārayam vŕ̥ṣā (12 syllables)
- B. द्रवित्नः पृथिव्यां सीरा अधि dravitnvàḥ pr̥thivyā́m sīrā́ḥ ádhi (12 syllables)
- C. अहं अर्णांसि वि तिरामि सुक्रतुर् ahám árṇāṃsi ví tirāmi sukrátuḥ (12 syllables)
- D. युधा विदं मनवे गातुमि इष्टये yudhā́ vidam mánave gātúm iṣṭáye (12 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
सप्त (saptá)
seven
स्रवतो (sravátaḥ)
flowing streams, rivers
धारयं (dhārayam)
I hold, I sustain
वृषा (vŕ̥ṣā)
powerful, strong
द्रवित्नः (dravitnvàḥ)
flowing rapidly
पृथिव्यां (pr̥thivyā́m)
on the earth
सीरा (sīrā́ḥ)
channels, streams
अधि (ádhi)
upon, over
अहं (ahám)
I
अर्णांसि (árṇāṃsi)
waters, floods, streams
वि (ví)
apart, widely
तिरामि (tirāmi)
I spread, I stretch out
सुक्रतुर् (sukrátuḥ)
wise, skillful, capable
युधा (yudhā́)
by battle, by fighting
विदं (vidam)
I find, I discover
मनवे (mánave)
for man, for humankind
गातुमि (gātúm)
path, way, passage
इष्टये (iṣṭáye)
for success, for desire
Stanza 10.49.10
अ॒हं तदा॑सु धारयं॒ यदा॑सु॒ न दे॒वश्च॒न त्वष्टाधा॑रय॒द्रुश॑त् | स्पा॒र्हं गवा॒मूधः॑सु व॒क्षणा॒स्वा मधो॒र्मधु॒ श्वात्र्यं॒ सोम॑मा॒शिर॑म् ||
aháṁ tád āsu dhārayaṁ yád āsu ná deváś caná tváṣṭā́dhārayad rúśat spārháṁ gávām ū́dhassu vakṣáṇāsv ā́ mádhor mádhu śvā́tryaṁ sómam āśíram
I placed within those cows the white milk, which neither god nor Tvashtar had placed there. It is the desired, white sustenance in the cows' udders, the sweetness of mead, the Soma juice.
Indra describes his divine act of imbuing cows with life-giving milk, a substance previously unpossessed by any divine being, including Tvashtar. He emphasizes the rarity and preciousness of this milk, referring to it as 'spårhaṃ' (longed-for) and 'śvātryaṃ' (white). This milk is found within the udders ('ūdhassu', 'vakṣaṇāsu') of the cows, containing the sweet essence ('madhu') of mead ('mádhoḥ') and the divine Soma juice ('sómam'). This highlights Indra's power to create and bestow vital sustenance.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अहं तदा आसु धारयं यदा आसु न ahám tát āsu dhārayam yát āsu ná (12 syllables)
- B. देव चन त्वष्टा अधारयद्रुशत् रुशत् deváḥ caná tváṣṭā ádhārayat rúśat (12 syllables)
- C. स्पार्हं गवामूधःसु ऊधःसु वक्षणसु आ spārhám gávām ū́dhassu vakṣáṇāsu ā́ (12 syllables)
- D. मघोर्मधु मधु श्वात्र्यं सोमम आशिरं mádhoḥ mádhu śvā́tryam sómam āśíram (12 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
तदा (tát)
that
आसु (āsu)
in them, in these
धारयं (dhārayam)
I placed, I established
यदा (yát)
which
आसु (āsu)
in them, in these
न (ná)
not
देव (deváḥ)
god
चन (caná)
even
त्वष्टा (tváṣṭā)
Tvashtar (the divine craftsman)
अधारयद्रुशत् (ádhārayat)
he placed, he established
रुशत् (rúśat)
white, shining
स्पार्हं (spārhám)
longed-for, desired
गवामूधःसु (gávām)
of the cows
ऊधःसु (ū́dhassu)
in the udders
वक्षणसु (vakṣáṇāsu)
in the vessels (of the udder)
आ (ā́)
in
मघोर्मधु (mádhoḥ)
of mead, of honeyed drink
मधु (mádhu)
sweetness, honey
श्वात्र्यं (śvā́tryam)
white
सोमम (sómam)
Soma (a sacred drink)
आशिरं (āśíram)
mixed, blended
Stanza 10.49.11
ए॒वा दे॒वाँ इन्द्रो॑ विव्ये॒ नॄन्प्र च्यौ॒त्नेन॑ म॒घवा॑ स॒त्यरा॑धाः | विश्वेत्ता ते॑ हरिवः शचीवो॒ऽभि तु॒रासः॑ स्वयशो गृणन्ति ||
evā́ devā́m̐ índro vivye nr̥ŕ̥n prá cyautnéna maghávā satyárādhāḥ víśvét tā́ te harivaḥ śacīvo 'bhí turā́saḥ svayaśo gr̥ṇanti
Indeed, Indra, the bounteous one, has guided the gods and men with his great power. All your mighty and self-glorious deeds, O Lord of horses, O powerful one, are sung by the gods.
This concluding stanza celebrates Indra's mighty deeds and his enduring glory. It states that Indra, the bounteous and truthful ('satyaradhaḥ'), has effectively guided ('cyautnena') gods and men. The hymn then addresses Indra, calling him 'harivaḥ' (lord of bay horses) and 'śacīvaḥ' (possessor of power), and exclaims that all his mighty ('turāsaḥ') and self-glorious ('svayaśaḥ') exploits are sung by the divine host. This is a collective praise of Indra's power and achievements.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. देवां इन्द्रो विव्ये नृन् evá + devā́n índraḥ vivye nr̥̄́n (12 syllables)
- B. प्र च्याौत्नेन मघवा सत्यराधाः prá cyautnéna maghávā satyárādhāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. विश्वेत्ता इत् ते ते हरिवः शचीवो víśvā ít tā́ te harivaḥ śacīvaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अभि तुरासः स्वयशो गृणन्ति abhí turā́saḥ svayaśaḥ gr̥ṇanti (11 syllables)
(evá +)
देवां (devā́n)
gods
इन्द्रो (índraḥ)
Indra
विव्ये (vivye)
he chose, he selected
नृन् (nr̥̄́n)
men, heroes
प्र (prá)
forward, onward
च्याौत्नेन (cyautnéna)
by movement, by driving forth
मघवा (maghávā)
the bountiful one
सत्यराधाः (satyárādhāḥ)
of true bounty, righteous
विश्वेत्ता (víśvā)
all
इत् (ít)
indeed
ते (tā́)
those
ते (te)
your
हरिवः (harivaḥ)
O Lord of horses
शचीवो (śacīvaḥ)
O Powerful one
अभि (abhí)
all
तुरासः (turā́saḥ)
mighty, strong
स्वयशो (svayaśaḥ)
self-glorious, renowned
गृणन्ति (gr̥ṇanti)
they sing, they praise