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Stanza 10.190.1
ऋ॒तं च॑ स॒त्यं चा॒भी॑द्धा॒त्तप॒सोऽध्य॑जायत | ततो॒ रात्र्य॑जायत॒ ततः॑ समु॒द्रो अ॑र्ण॒वः ||
r̥táṁ ca satyáṁ cābhīā̀ddhāt tápasó 'dhy ajāyata táto rā́try ajāyata tátaḥ samudró arṇaváḥ
From the heat of intense spiritual austerity, Cosmic Order and Truth were born. From that, night was created, and then the boundless, flowing ocean.
This stanza describes the cosmic creation. It states that from the intensified power of austerity (tapas), "Rta" (cosmic order/truth) and "Satya" (truthfulness) were born. Following this, night emerged, and from night, the vast, turbulent ocean came into being.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. ऋतं च सत्यं च अभीद्धात् r̥tám ca satyám ca abhī̀ddhāt (8 syllables)
- B. तपसः अध्य अजायत tápasaḥ ádhi ajāyata (8 syllables)
- C. तः रात्र्य अजायत tátas rā́trī ajāyata (8 syllables)
- D. तः समुद्रो अर्णवः tátas samudráḥ arṇaváḥ (8 syllables)
ऋतं (r̥tám)
cosmic order, truth, righteousness
च (ca)
and
सत्यं (satyám)
truthfulness, reality
च (ca)
and
अभीद्धात् (abhī̀ddhāt)
having been intensely ignited or kindled
तपसः (tápasaḥ)
from austerity, from spiritual heat
अध्य (ádhi)
from, upon
अजायत (ajāyata)
was born, came into existence
तः (tátas)
from that, then
रात्र्य (rā́trī)
night
अजायत (ajāyata)
was born, came into existence
तः (tátas)
from that, then
समुद्रो (samudráḥ)
ocean
अर्णवः (arṇaváḥ)
watery, flowing, vast
Stanza 10.190.2
स॒मु॒द्राद॑र्ण॒वादधि॑ संवत्स॒रो अ॑जायत | अ॒हो॒रा॒त्राणि॑ वि॒दध॒द्विश्व॑स्य मिष॒तो व॒शी ||
samudrā́d arṇavā́d ádhi saṁvatsaró ajāyata ahorātrā́ṇi vidádhad víśvasya miṣató vaśī́
From that vast ocean, the Year was born. The Year, the master of all who blink, then established the cycle of days and nights.
Continuing the creation narrative, this verse explains that from the ocean, which itself arose from intense spiritual heat, the "Samvatsara" (year) was born. The year is described as the controller of days and nights and the master of all beings, even those who blink or close their eyes.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. समुद्राद अर्णवाद अधि samudrā́t arṇavā́t ádhi (8 syllables)
- B. संवत्सरो अजायत saṃvatsaráḥ ajāyata (8 syllables)
- C. अहोरात्राणि विदध ahorātrā́ṇi vidádhat (8 syllables)
- D. विश्वस्य मिषतो वशी víśvasya miṣatáḥ vaśī́ (8 syllables)
समुद्राद (samudrā́t)
from the ocean
अर्णवाद (arṇavā́t)
from the watery expanse
अधि (ádhi)
from, upon
संवत्सरो (saṃvatsaráḥ)
the year
अजायत (ajāyata)
was born, came into existence
अहोरात्राणि (ahorātrā́ṇi)
days and nights
विदध (vidádhat)
establishing, ordaining
विश्वस्य (víśvasya)
of all
मिषतो (miṣatáḥ)
of those who blink or close their eyes
वशी (vaśī́)
controller, master
Stanza 10.190.3
सू॒र्या॒च॒न्द्र॒मसौ॑ धा॒ता य॑थापू॒र्वम॑कल्पयत् | दिवं॑ च पृथि॒वीं चा॒न्तरि॑क्ष॒मथो॒ स्वः॑ ||
sūryācandramásau dhātā́ yathāpūrvám akalpayat dívaṁ ca pr̥thivī́ṁ cāntárikṣam átho svàḥ
The Creator, as before, established the Sun and Moon. He then arranged the Sky, the Earth, the atmospheric space, and the celestial light.
This verse describes the creation of celestial bodies and the earth. It states that "Dhatar," the establisher or creator, fashioned the sun and moon as they were before. He then arranged the sky (heaven), the earth, and the atmospheric space (antariksha), as well as "Svar" (which can refer to light, heaven, or the sun itself).
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. सूर्याचन्द्रमसौ धाता sūryācandramásau dhātā́ (8 syllables)
- B. यथापूर्वम अकल्पयत् yathāpūrvám akalpayat (8 syllables)
- C. दिवं चा पृथिवीं चा dívam ca pr̥thivī́m ca (7 syllables)
- D. अन्तरिक्षम अथो उ स्वः antárikṣam átha u svàr (8 syllables)
सूर्याचन्द्रमसौ (sūryācandramásau)
the sun and the moon
धाता (dhātā́)
the establisher, creator
यथापूर्वम (yathāpūrvám)
as before, in the former way
अकल्पयत् (akalpayat)
fashioned, arranged, created
दिवं (dívam)
sky, heaven
चा (ca)
and
पृथिवीं (pr̥thivī́m)
earth
चा (ca)
and
अन्तरिक्षम (antárikṣam)
space between earth and sky, atmosphere
अथो (átha)
then, next
उ (u)
and
स्वः (svàr)
light, heaven, sun