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Stanza 10.18.1
परं॑ मृत्यो॒ अनु॒ परे॑हि॒ पन्थां॒ यस्ते॒ स्व इत॑रो देव॒याना॑त् | चक्षु॑ष्मते शृण्व॒ते ते॑ ब्रवीमि॒ मा नः॑ प्र॒जां री॑रिषो॒ मोत वी॒रान् ||
páram mr̥tyo ánu párehi pánthāṁ yás te svá ítaro devayā́nāt cákṣuṣmate śr̥ṇvaté te bravīmi mā́ naḥ prajā́ṁ rīriṣo mótá vīrā́n
O Death, go away on your own separate path, which is different from the path of the gods. I speak to you who have eyes and can hear: Do not destroy our children, nor our heroes.
This verse is an invocation directed to the deity of Death (Mrtyu). The speaker pleads with Death not to harm their family, specifically children and heroes. They ask Death to follow its own path, separate from the divine routes, and address Death as a being that can see and hear, emphasizing the plea for protection.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. परं मृत्यो अनु परा इहि पन्थां páram mr̥tyo ánu párā ihi pánthām (11 syllables)
- B. यः ते स्वः इतरः देवयानात् yáḥ te sváḥ ítaraḥ devayā́nāt (11 syllables)
- C. चक्षुष्मते शृण्वते ते ब्रवीमि cákṣuṣmate śr̥ṇvaté te bravīmi (11 syllables)
- D. मा प्रजां रीरिषः मा उत वीरान् mā́ naḥ prajā́m rīriṣaḥ mā́ utá vīrā́n (11 syllables)
परं (páram)
far away, beyond
मृत्यो (mr̥tyo)
O Death
अनु (ánu)
along, after
परा (párā)
away, forth
इहि (ihi)
go
पन्थां (pánthām)
path, way
यः (yáḥ)
which
ते (te)
to you
स्वः (sváḥ)
own
इतरः (ítaraḥ)
other, different
देवयानात् (devayā́nāt)
from the path of the gods
चक्षुष्मते (cákṣuṣmate)
to the one with eyes
शृण्वते (śr̥ṇvaté)
to the one who hears
ते (te)
to you
ब्रवीमि (bravīmi)
I say, I speak
मा (mā́)
do not
(naḥ)
प्रजां (prajā́m)
offspring, children
रीरिषः (rīriṣaḥ)
destroy, harm
मा (mā́)
do not
उत (utá)
and
वीरान् (vīrā́n)
heroes, strong men
Stanza 10.18.2
मृ॒त्योः प॒दं यो॒पय॑न्तो॒ यदैत॒ द्राघी॑य॒ आयुः॑ प्रत॒रं दधा॑नाः | आ॒प्याय॑मानाः प्र॒जया॒ धने॑न शु॒द्धाः पू॒ता भ॑वत यज्ञियासः ||
mr̥tyóḥ padáṁ yopáyanto yád aíta drā́ghīya ā́yuḥ prataráṁ dádhānāḥ āpyā́yamānāḥ prajáyā dhánena śuddhā́ḥ pūtā́ bhavata yajñiyāsaḥ
Since you have come, removing the trace of Death and extending your existence to future times: May you thrive with offspring and wealth, and may you be pure and worthy for sacrifice.
This verse addresses those who have come, seemingly from the realm of Death, to continue living. It speaks of them having 'effaced' the trace of Death and extended their existence into the future. The verse blesses them with prosperity, children, and wealth, urging them to be pure and worthy for religious observances.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मृत्योः पदं योपयन्तः यत् एतैत् mr̥tyóḥ padám yopáyantaḥ yát aíta (11 syllables)
- B. द्राघींयः आयुः प्रतरं दधानाः drā́ghīyaḥ ā́yuḥ pratarám dádhānāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. आप्यायमानाः प्रजय धनेन āpyā́yamānāḥ prajáyā dhánena (11 syllables)
- D. शुद्धाः पूत भवत यज्ञियासः śuddhā́ḥ pūtā́ḥ bhavata yajñiyāsaḥ (11 syllables)
मृत्योः (mr̥tyóḥ)
of Death
पदं (padám)
footstep, trace
योपयन्तः (yopáyantaḥ)
effacing, covering
यत् (yát)
that which
एतैत् (aíta)
you came
द्राघींयः (drā́ghīyaḥ)
longer, extended
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life, lifespan
प्रतरं (pratarám)
further, more
दधानाः (dádhānāḥ)
holding, maintaining
आप्यायमानाः (āpyā́yamānāḥ)
growing, thriving
प्रजय (prajáyā)
with offspring
धनेन (dhánena)
with wealth, riches
शुद्धाः (śuddhā́ḥ)
pure, cleansed
पूत (pūtā́ḥ)
purified, holy
भवत (bhavata)
be
यज्ञियासः (yajñiyāsaḥ)
worthy of sacrifice, divine
Stanza 10.18.3
इ॒मे जी॒वा वि मृ॒तैराव॑वृत्र॒न्नभू॑द्भ॒द्रा दे॒वहू॑तिर्नो अ॒द्य | प्राञ्चो॑ अगाम नृ॒तये॒ हसा॑य॒ द्राघी॑य॒ आयुः॑ प्रत॒रं दधा॑नाः ||
imé jīvā́ ví mr̥taír ā́vavr̥trann ábhūd bhadrā́ deváhūtir no adyá prā́ñco agāma nr̥táye hásāya drā́ghīya ā́yuḥ prataráṁ dádhānāḥ
These living ones are now separated from the dead. Our calling of the gods is now auspicious. We have moved forward towards enjoyment and happiness, maintaining longer life.
This verse distinguishes the living from the dead. It declares that the prayers and invocations of the living are now effective. The speaker states that they have moved towards activities like dancing and laughter, aiming to extend their lives further. It is a declaration of moving past the influence of death towards a life of joy and continuation.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इमे जीवाः वि मृतैः आ अववृत्रन् imé jīvā́ḥ ví mr̥taíḥ ā́ avavr̥tran (11 syllables)
- B. अभूत् भद्रा देवहूतिः अद्य ábhūt bhadrā́ deváhūtiḥ naḥ adyá (11 syllables)
- C. प्राञ्चः अगाम नृतये हसांय prā́ñcaḥ agāma nr̥táye hásāya (11 syllables)
- D. द्राघीयः आयुः प्रतरं दधानाः drā́ghīyaḥ ā́yuḥ pratarám dádhānāḥ (11 syllables)
इमे (imé)
these
जीवाः (jīvā́ḥ)
the living
वि (ví)
apart, separated
मृतैः (mr̥taíḥ)
from the dead
आ (ā́)
towards
अववृत्रन् (avavr̥tran)
they turned away, were separated
अभूत् (ábhūt)
it became, happened
भद्रा (bhadrā́)
auspicious, good
देवहूतिः (deváhūtiḥ)
calling of the gods, invocation
(naḥ)
अद्य (adyá)
today, now
प्राञ्चः (prā́ñcaḥ)
forward, eastern
अगाम (agāma)
we went, we came
नृतये (nr̥táye)
for dancing
हसांय (hásāya)
for laughter
द्राघीयः (drā́ghīyaḥ)
longer
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
प्रतरं (pratarám)
further
दधानाः (dádhānāḥ)
holding, maintaining
Stanza 10.18.4
इ॒मं जी॒वेभ्यः॑ परि॒धिं द॑धामि॒ मैषां॒ नु गा॒दप॑रो॒ अर्थ॑मे॒तम् | श॒तं जी॑वन्तु श॒रदः॑ पुरू॒चीर॒न्तर्मृ॒त्युं द॑धतां॒ पर्व॑तेन ||
imáṁ jīvébhyaḥ paridhíṁ dadhāmi maíṣāṁ nú gād áparo ártham etám śatáṁ jīvantu śarádaḥ purūcī́r antár mr̥tyúṁ dadhatām párvatena
I establish this protective boundary for the living; may none of them go to that end (of death). May they live for a hundred years and keep Death within the mountain.
The speaker erects a protective boundary or 'rampart' for the living, preventing them from reaching the limit of death. The verse expresses a wish for them to live for a hundred years and to overcome Death, perhaps by burying it with a mountain or stone, signifying confinement and protection.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इमं जीवेभ्यः परिधिं दधामि imám jīvébhyaḥ paridhím dadhāmi (11 syllables)
- B. मा एषां नु गात अपरः अर्थं एतं mā́ eṣām nú gāt áparaḥ ártham etám (11 syllables)
- C. शतं जीवन्तु शरदः पुरूचीः śatám jīvantu śarádaḥ purūcī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अन्तर् मृत्युं दधतां पर्वतेन antár mr̥tyúm dadhatām párvatena (11 syllables)
इमं (imám)
this
जीवेभ्यः (jīvébhyaḥ)
for the living
परिधिं (paridhím)
enclosure, boundary
दधामि (dadhāmi)
I place, I establish
मा (mā́)
not
एषां (eṣām)
of them
नु (nú)
indeed, now
गात (gāt)
may go
अपरः (áparaḥ)
another
अर्थं (ártham)
goal, limit, destination
एतं (etám)
this
शतं (śatám)
a hundred
जीवन्तु (jīvantu)
may they live
शरदः (śarádaḥ)
years, autumns
पुरूचीः (purūcī́ḥ)
long-lasting, abundant
अन्तर् (antár)
within, inside
मृत्युं (mr̥tyúm)
Death
दधतां (dadhatām)
may they place, may they keep
पर्वतेन (párvatena)
with the mountain
Stanza 10.18.5
यथाहा॑न्यनुपू॒र्वं भव॑न्ति॒ यथ॑ ऋ॒तव॑ ऋ॒तुभि॒र्यन्ति॑ सा॒धु | यथा॒ न पूर्व॒मप॑रो॒ जहा॑त्ये॒वा धा॑त॒रायूं॑षि कल्पयैषाम् ||
yáthā́hāny anupūrvám bhávanti yátha r̥táva r̥túbhir yánti sādhú yáthā ná pū́rvam áparo jáhāty evā́ dhātar ā́yūṁṣi kalpayaiṣām
Just as days follow in order, and seasons follow seasons properly, and just as one successor never fails its predecessor, similarly, O Ordainer, establish their lifespans.
This verse uses the natural cycles of time as a metaphor for the continuity of life. It compares the orderly succession of days and seasons to the ordered continuation of human life. The speaker invokes a cosmic ordainer (Dhatar) to ensure that lives are established and continue in a similar, predictable, and unbroken sequence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यथा अहानि अनुपूर्व भवन्ति yáthā áhāni anupūrvám bhávanti (11 syllables)
- B. यथा ऋतवः ऋतुभिः यन्ति साधु yáthā r̥távaḥ r̥túbhiḥ yánti sādhú (11 syllables)
- C. यथा न पूर्व अपरः जहाति yáthā ná pū́rvam áparaḥ jáhāti (11 syllables)
- D. एव धातर् आयुंषि कल्पय एषां evá + dhātar ā́yūṃṣi kalpaya eṣām (11 syllables)
यथा (yáthā)
as, like
अहानि (áhāni)
days
अनुपूर्व (anupūrvám)
in succession, in order
भवन्ति (bhávanti)
they are, they happen
यथा (yáthā)
as, like
ऋतवः (r̥távaḥ)
seasons
ऋतुभिः (r̥túbhiḥ)
with seasons
यन्ति (yánti)
they go, they come
साधु (sādhú)
properly, well
यथा (yáthā)
as, like
न (ná)
not
पूर्व (pū́rvam)
the former
अपरः (áparaḥ)
the later, the successor
जहाति (jáhāti)
leaves, abandons
एव (evá +)
thus, so
धातर् (dhātar)
O Ordainer, O Creator
आयुंषि (ā́yūṃṣi)
lifespans
कल्पय (kalpaya)
establish, arrange
एषां (eṣām)
of them
Stanza 10.18.6
आ रो॑ह॒तायु॑र्ज॒रसं॑ वृणा॒ना अ॑नुपू॒र्वं यत॑माना॒ यति॒ ष्ठ | इ॒ह त्वष्टा॑ सु॒जनि॑मा स॒जोषा॑ दी॒र्घमायुः॑ करति जी॒वसे॑ वः ||
ā́ rohatā́yur jarásaṁ vr̥ṇānā́ anupūrváṁ yátamānā yáti ṣṭhá ihá tváṣṭā sujánimā sajóṣā dīrghám ā́yuḥ karati jīváse vaḥ
Attain long life, choosing old age, all of you striving together in order. May Tvashṭar, the skilled creator, with good favor, grant long life for your existence.
This verse is a blessing and a prayer for long life, particularly for achieving old age with satisfaction. It encourages people to strive together, in order. The divine craftsman, Tvashṭar, is invoked to bestow long life and well-being upon them, ensuring their continued existence and prosperity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ रोहत आयुः जरसं वृणानाः ā́ rohata ā́yuḥ jarásam vr̥ṇānā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अनुपूर्व यतमानाः यति स्थ anupūrvám yátamānāḥ yáti sthá (11 syllables)
- C. इह त्वष्टा सुजनिमा सजोषाः ihá tváṣṭā sujánimā sajóṣāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. दीर्घं आयुः करति जीवसे वः dīrghám ā́yuḥ karati jīváse vaḥ (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
upward, toward
रोहत (rohata)
attain, ascend
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
जरसं (jarásam)
old age
वृणानाः (vr̥ṇānā́ḥ)
choosing, selecting
अनुपूर्व (anupūrvám)
in succession, one after another
यतमानाः (yátamānāḥ)
striving, exerting effort
यति (yáti)
as many as
स्थ (sthá)
you are
इह (ihá)
here
त्वष्टा (tváṣṭā)
Tvashṭar (the divine craftsman)
सुजनिमा (sujánimā)
well-born, skillful creator
सजोषाः (sajóṣāḥ)
in agreement, together, gracious
दीर्घं (dīrghám)
long
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
करति (karati)
may make, may create
जीवसे (jīváse)
for living
वः (vaḥ)
for you
Stanza 10.18.7
इ॒मा नारी॑रविध॒वाः सु॒पत्नी॒राञ्ज॑नेन स॒र्पिषा॒ सं वि॑शन्तु | अ॒न॒श्रवो॑ऽनमी॒वाः सु॒रत्ना॒ आ रो॑हन्तु॒ जन॑यो॒ योनि॒मग्रे॑ ||
imā́ nā́rīr avidhavā́ḥ supátnīr ā́ñjanena sarpíṣā sáṁ viśantu anaśrávo 'namīvā́ḥ surátnā ā́ rohantu jánayo yónim ágre
Let these women, who are not widows and have good husbands, enter into (this ritual) with anointing oil and ghee. Let them, tearless, free from illness, and well-adorned, ascend first to the resting place.
This verse offers blessings to women, particularly those who are not widows and have good husbands. They are encouraged to adorn themselves with fragrant ointments and jewels, to be free from sorrow and tears. The verse implies they are to approach a place associated with mourning or a resting place, suggesting a ritualistic context where the living honor the departed.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इमाः नारीः अविधवाः सुपत्नीः imā́ḥ nā́rīḥ avidhavā́ḥ supátnīḥ (11 syllables)
- B. आञ्जनेन सर्पिषा सं विशन्तु ā́ñjanena sarpíṣā sám viśantu (11 syllables)
- C. अनश्रवः अनमीवाः सुरत्नाः anaśrávaḥ anamīvā́ḥ surátnāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. आ रोहन्तु जनयः योन अগ্রে ā́ rohantu jánayaḥ yónim ágre (11 syllables)
इमाः (imā́ḥ)
these
नारीः (nā́rīḥ)
women
अविधवाः (avidhavā́ḥ)
not widows
सुपत्नीः (supátnīḥ)
with good husbands
आञ्जनेन (ā́ñjanena)
with ointment, balm
सर्पिषा (sarpíṣā)
with ghee, clarified butter
सं (sám)
together, with
विशन्तु (viśantu)
let them enter, let them unite
अनश्रवः (anaśrávaḥ)
tearless, without weeping
अनमीवाः (anamīvā́ḥ)
free from illness, healthy
सुरत्नाः (surátnāḥ)
with good jewels, well-adorned
आ (ā́)
upwards
रोहन्तु (rohantu)
let them ascend
जनयः (jánayaḥ)
wives, women
योन (yónim)
place, womb, resting place
अগ্রে (ágre)
first, in front
Stanza 10.18.8
उदी॑र्ष्व नार्य॒भि जी॑वलो॒कं ग॒तासु॑मे॒तमुप॑ शेष॒ एहि॑ | ह॒स्त॒ग्रा॒भस्य॑ दिधि॒षोस्तवे॒दं पत्यु॑र्जनि॒त्वम॒भि सं ब॑भूथ ||
úd īrṣva nāry abhí jīvalokáṁ gatā́sum etám úpa śeṣa éhi hastagrābhásya didhiṣós távedám pátyur janitvám abhí sám babhūtha
Arise, O woman, and come to the world of the living. You lie beside one who has lost his life. Come, this partnership with your husband, who held your hand, has now come to you.
This verse addresses a woman who is beside a deceased person. It urges her to 'rise up' and return to the world of the living. The speaker acknowledges her past marital bond and her role as a wife to the deceased, implying a transition from a state of mourning or the presence of death to a life of continued existence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उत ईर्ष्व नारि अभि जीवलोकं út īrṣva nāri abhí jīvalokám (11 syllables)
- B. गतासुं एतं उप शे ष् ष् आ इहि gatā́sum etám úpa śeṣe ā́ ihi (11 syllables)
- C. हस्तग्राभस्य दिधिषोः तव इदं hastagrābhásya didhiṣóḥ táva idám (11 syllables)
- D. पत्युः जनित्वं अभि सं बभूथ pátyuḥ janitvám abhí sám babhūtha (11 syllables)
उत (út)
up
ईर्ष्व (īrṣva)
rise, stir
नारि (nāri)
O woman
अभि (abhí)
completely
जीवलोकं (jīvalokám)
the world of the living
गतासुं (gatā́sum)
having lost life, lifeless
एतं (etám)
this
उप (úpa)
near, beside
शे ष् ष् (śeṣe)
you lie
आ (ā́)
towards
इहि (ihi)
come
हस्तग्राभस्य (hastagrābhásya)
of the one who took the hand (husband)
दिधिषोः (didhiṣóḥ)
of the one who took as wife, of the husband
तव (táva)
your
इदं (idám)
this
पत्युः (pátyuḥ)
of the husband
जनित्वं (janitvám)
relationship of wifehood
अभि (abhí)
completely
सं (sám)
together
बभूथ (babhūtha)
you have become, you have entered
Stanza 10.18.9
धनु॒र्हस्ता॑दा॒ददा॑नो मृ॒तस्या॒स्मे क्ष॒त्राय॒ वर्च॑से॒ बला॑य | अत्रै॒व त्वमि॒ह व॒यं सु॒वीरा॒ विश्वाः॒ स्पृधो॑ अ॒भिमा॑तीर्जयेम ||
dhánur hástād ādádāno mr̥tásyāsmé kṣatrā́ya várcase bálāya átraivá tvám ihá vayáṁ suvī́rā víśvā spŕ̥dho abhímātīr jayema
Taking the bow from the hand of the dead, I receive it for our power, radiance, and strength. You remain there, and we are here with brave heroes; may we conquer all competition and enemies.
This verse describes a symbolic act of taking the bow from the hand of the deceased. This is done to secure power, radiance, and strength for the living. The speaker declares their position ('here') and the deceased's position ('there'), invoking a desire to overcome all enemies and rivals with the strength gained.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. धनुः हस्तात् आददानः मृतस्य dhánuḥ hástāt ādádānaḥ mr̥tásya (11 syllables)
- B. अस्मे क्षत्राय वर्चसे बलाय asmé kṣatrā́ya várcase bálāya (11 syllables)
- C. अत्र एव त्वं इह वयं सुवीराः átra evá tvám ihá vayám suvī́rāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. विश्वाः स्पृधः अभिमातीः जयेम víśvāḥ spŕ̥dhaḥ abhímātīḥ jayema (11 syllables)
धनुः (dhánuḥ)
bow
हस्तात् (hástāt)
from the hand
आददानः (ādádānaḥ)
taking, receiving
मृतस्य (mr̥tásya)
of the dead
अस्मे (asmé)
for us
क्षत्राय (kṣatrā́ya)
for power, dominion
वर्चसे (várcase)
for radiance, glory
बलाय (bálāya)
for strength
अत्र (átra)
here
एव (evá)
indeed, thus
त्वं (tvám)
you
इह (ihá)
here
वयं (vayám)
we
सुवीराः (suvī́rāḥ)
with heroes, heroic
विश्वाः (víśvāḥ)
all
स्पृधः (spŕ̥dhaḥ)
competitions, rivalries
अभिमातीः (abhímātīḥ)
enemies, adversaries
जयेम (jayema)
may we conquer
Stanza 10.18.10
उप॑ सर्प मा॒तरं॒ भूमि॑मे॒तामु॑रु॒व्यच॑सं पृथि॒वीं सु॒शेवा॑म् | ऊर्ण॑म्रदा युव॒तिर्दक्षि॑णावत ए॒षा त्वा॑ पातु॒ निर्ऋ॑तेरु॒पस्था॑त् ||
úpa sarpa mātáram bhū́mim etā́m uruvyácasam pr̥thivī́ṁ suśévām ū́rṇamradā yuvatír dákṣiṇāvata eṣā́ tvā pātu nírr̥ter upásthāt
Approach the body of Mother Earth, this vast and benevolent Earth. O young one, soft as wool, may this Earth protect you from the embrace of destruction.
This verse is a comforting embrace of the deceased by Mother Earth. The speaker instructs the deceased to approach and enter the Earth, described as vast, benevolent, and young. Earth is invoked to protect the deceased from the clutches of Nirriti (destruction or misfortune), like a young, soft mother holding her child.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उप सर्प मातरं भूमिं एतां úpa sarpa mātáram bhū́mim etā́m (11 syllables)
- B. उरुव्यचसं पृथिवीं सुशेवां uruvyácasam pr̥thivī́m suśévām (11 syllables)
- C. ऊर्णम्रदाः युवतिः दक्षिणावते ū́rṇamradāḥ yuvatíḥ dákṣiṇāvate (12 syllables)
- D. एषा त्वा पातु निर्ऋतेः उपस्थात् eṣā́ tvā pātu nírr̥teḥ upásthāt (11 syllables)
उप (úpa)
towards, near
सर्प (sarpa)
creep, go
मातरं (mātáram)
mother
भूमिं (bhū́mim)
earth
एतां (etā́m)
this
उरुव्यचसं (uruvyácasam)
wide-extending, vast
पृथिवीं (pr̥thivī́m)
Earth
सुशेवां (suśévām)
very kind, benevolent
ऊर्णम्रदाः (ū́rṇamradāḥ)
soft as wool
युवतिः (yuvatíḥ)
young woman
दक्षिणावते (dákṣiṇāvate)
to the giver of gifts, to the liberal
एषा (eṣā́)
she
त्वा (tvā)
you
पातु (pātu)
may protect
निर्ऋतेः (nírr̥teḥ)
of destruction, misfortune
उपस्थात् (upásthāt)
from the lap, from the bosom
Stanza 10.18.11
उच्छ्व॑ञ्चस्व पृथिवि॒ मा नि बा॑धथाः सूपाय॒नास्मै॑ भव सूपवञ्च॒ना | मा॒ता पु॒त्रं यथा॑ सि॒चाभ्ये॑नं भूम ऊर्णुहि ||
úc chvañcasva pr̥thivi mā́ ní bādhathāḥ sūpāyanā́smai bhava sūpavañcanā́ mātā́ putráṁ yáthā sicā́bhy ènam bhūma ūrṇuhi
Open wide, O Earth, do not press down heavily upon him. Be easy for him to approach and a safe refuge. O Earth, cover him as a mother covers her son with her skirt.
This verse continues the imagery of Mother Earth embracing the deceased. The speaker urges Earth to be open ('wide open') and not to press down heavily, but rather to be a comfortable refuge. The Earth is asked to cover the deceased gently, like a mother covers her child with a garment.
Meter:
- A. उत श्वञ्चस्व पृथिवि मा नि बाधथाः út śvañcasva pr̥thivi mā́ ní bādhathāḥ (12 syllables)
- B. सूपायना अस्मै भव सूपवञ्चना sūpāyanā́ asmai bhava sūpavañcanā́ (12 syllables)
- C. माता पुत्रं यथा सिचा mātā́ putrám yáthā sicā́ (8 syllables)
- D. अभि एनं भूम ऊर्णुहि abhí enam bhūme ūrṇuhi (8 syllables)
उत (út)
up
श्वञ्चस्व (śvañcasva)
spread wide, open
पृथिवि (pr̥thivi)
O Earth
मा (mā́)
do not
नि (ní)
down
बाधथाः (bādhathāḥ)
press down, oppress
सूपायना (sūpāyanā́)
easy to approach
अस्मै (asmai)
for him
भव (bhava)
be
सूपवञ्चना (sūpavañcanā́)
a good refuge, offering comfort
माता (mātā́)
mother
पुत्रं (putrám)
son
यथा (yáthā)
as
सिचा (sicā́)
with a garment, robe
अभि (abhí)
around
एनं (enam)
him
भूम (bhūme)
O Earth
ऊर्णुहि (ūrṇuhi)
cover, envelop
Stanza 10.18.12
उ॒च्छ्वञ्च॑माना पृथि॒वी सु ति॑ष्ठतु स॒हस्रं॒ मित॒ उप॒ हि श्रय॑न्ताम् | ते गृ॒हासो॑ घृत॒श्चुतो॑ भवन्तु वि॒श्वाहा॑स्मै शर॒णाः स॒न्त्वत्र॑ ||
ucchváñcamānā pr̥thivī́ sú tiṣṭhatu sahásram míta úpa hí śráyantām té gr̥hā́so ghr̥taścúto bhavantu viśvā́hāsmai śaraṇā́ḥ santv átra
May the Earth, opening wide, remain stable here. May a thousand supports be placed upon him. May those dwellings become ghee-dripping, and may they always be a shelter for him here.
This verse continues the prayer to Earth for the deceased. It asks that the Earth remain stable and that a thousand supporting columns (perhaps metaphorically representing the earth's strata or protective elements) be established above the deceased. These should become their homes, filled with abundance ('ghee-dripping'), and serve as a permanent refuge.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उच्छ्वञ्चमाना पृथिवी सु तिष्ठतु ucchváñcamānā pr̥thivī́ sú tiṣṭhatu (12 syllables)
- B. सहस्रं मित उप हि श्रयन्तां sahásram mítaḥ úpa hí śráyantām (11 syllables)
- C. ते गृहासः घृतश्चुतः भवन्तु té gr̥hā́saḥ ghr̥taścútaḥ bhavantu (11 syllables)
- D. विश्वाहा अस्मै शरणाः सन्तु अत्र viśvā́hā asmai śaraṇā́ḥ santu átra (11 syllables)
उच्छ्वञ्चमाना (ucchváñcamānā)
opening wide, expanding
पृथिवी (pr̥thivī́)
Earth
सु (sú)
well, good
तिष्ठतु (tiṣṭhatu)
may stand
सहस्रं (sahásram)
a thousand
मित (mítaḥ)
clods, lumps (of earth)
उप (úpa)
upon, over
हि (hí)
indeed
श्रयन्तां (śráyantām)
may they rest upon, may they be supported
ते (té)
those
गृहासः (gr̥hā́saḥ)
dwellings, homes
घृतश्चुतः (ghr̥taścútaḥ)
dripping ghee, abundant
भवन्तु (bhavantu)
may they be
विश्वाहा (viśvā́hā)
always, forever
अस्मै (asmai)
for him
शरणाः (śaraṇā́ḥ)
shelters, refuges
सन्तु (santu)
may they be
अत्र (átra)
here
Stanza 10.18.13
उत्ते॑ स्तभ्नामि पृथि॒वीं त्वत्परी॒मं लो॒गं नि॒दध॒न्मो अ॒हं रि॑षम् | ए॒तां स्थूणां॑ पि॒तरो॑ धारयन्तु॒ तेऽत्रा॑ य॒मः साद॑ना ते मिनोतु ||
út te stabhnāmi pr̥thivī́ṁ tvát párīmáṁ logáṁ nidádhan mó aháṁ riṣam etā́ṁ sthū́ṇām pitáro dhārayantu té 'trā yamáḥ sā́danā te minotu
I prop up the earth around you, and as I place this mound of earth, may I not come to harm. May the ancestors support this pillar for you; may Yama here arrange your resting place.
This verse describes the act of placing the deceased into the Earth and securing them. The speaker states they are supporting the Earth around the deceased, and as they place the earth ('logam'), they wish to remain unharmed. They invoke ancestral spirits ('Fathers') and Yama (god of the dead) to support this pillar of earth and provide a suitable dwelling for the deceased.
Meter: Jagati
- A. उत् ते स्तभ्नामि पृथिवीं त्वत् परि út te stabhnāmi pr̥thivī́m tvát pári (12 syllables)
- B. इमं लोगं निदधत् मा उ अहं रिषं imám logám nidádhat mā́ u ahám riṣam (12 syllables)
- C. एतां स्थूणां पितरः धारयन्तु ते etā́m sthū́ṇām pitáraḥ dhārayantu te (12 syllables)
- D. यमः सादना ते मिनोतु átra + yamáḥ sā́danā te minotu (11 syllables)
उत् (út)
up
ते (te)
for you
स्तभ्नामि (stabhnāmi)
I prop up, I support
पृथिवीं (pr̥thivī́m)
the earth
त्वत् (tvát)
from you, around you
परि (pári)
around
इमं (imám)
this
लोगं (logám)
mound (of earth), clod
निदधत् (nidádhat)
placing, putting down
मा (mā́)
not
उ (u)
and
अहं (ahám)
I
रिषं (riṣam)
may I perish, may I be harmed
एतां (etā́m)
this
स्थूणां (sthū́ṇām)
pillar, post
पितरः (pitáraḥ)
ancestors, Fathers
धारयन्तु (dhārayantu)
may they hold, may they support
ते (te)
for you
(átra +)
यमः (yamáḥ)
Yama (god of the dead)
सादना (sā́danā)
abodes, dwellings
ते (te)
for you
मिनोतु (minotu)
may he arrange, may he measure out
Stanza 10.18.14
प्र॒ती॒चीने॒ मामह॒नीष्वाः॑ प॒र्णमि॒वा द॑धुः | प्र॒तीचीं॑ जग्रभा॒ वाच॒मश्वं॑ रश॒नया॑ यथा ||
pratīcī́ne mā́m áhanī́ṣvāḥ parṇám ivā́ dadhuḥ pratī́cīṁ jagrabhā vā́cam áśvaṁ raśanáyā yathā
Like the feathers of an arrow, they have placed me in this appropriate day. I have grasped the fitting word, as one holds a horse with reins.
This verse reflects on the act of speaking and understanding. The speaker compares themselves to an arrow with feathers, set in place on a fitting day. They have grasped and held onto a meaningful word ('speech'), likening it to controlling a horse with reins, signifying precision and control in communication.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. प्रतीचीने मां अहनि pratīcī́ne mā́m áhani (8 syllables)
- B. इष्वाः पर्णं इव आ दधुः íṣvāḥ parṇám iva ā́ dadhuḥ (8 syllables)
- C. प्रतीचीं जग्रभ वाचं pratī́cīm jagrabha + vā́cam (8 syllables)
- D. अश्वं रशनाया यथा áśvam raśanáyā yathā (8 syllables)
प्रतीचीने (pratīcī́ne)
fitting, appropriate
मां (mā́m)
me
अहनि (áhani)
day
इष्वाः (íṣvāḥ)
of an arrow
पर्णं (parṇám)
feather (of an arrow)
इव (iva)
like, as
आ (ā́)
towards
दधुः (dadhuḥ)
they placed
प्रतीचीं (pratī́cīm)
fitting, appropriate
जग्रभ (jagrabha +)
I grasped, I seized
वाचं (vā́cam)
speech, word
अश्वं (áśvam)
horse
रशनाया (raśanáyā)
with a rein
यथा (yathā)
as