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Stanza 10.16.1
मैन॑मग्ने॒ वि द॑हो॒ माभि शो॑चो॒ मास्य॒ त्वचं॑ चिक्षिपो॒ मा शरी॑रम् | य॒दा शृ॒तं कृ॒णवो॑ जातवे॒दोऽथे॑मेनं॒ प्र हि॑णुतात्पि॒तृभ्यः॑ ||
maínam agne ví daho mā́bhí śoco mā́sya tvácaṁ cikṣipo mā́ śárīram yadā́ śr̥táṁ kr̥ṇávo jātavedó 'them enam prá hiṇutāt pitŕ̥bhyaḥ
Agni, do not burn him completely, do not scorch him; do not scatter his skin or his body. O Jātavedas (Agni), when you have made him ready (cooked/prepared), then send him forth to the fathers.
This stanza is an invocation to Agni, the fire god, to handle the deceased's body with care during cremation. The speaker pleads with Agni not to burn or harm the body excessively, but rather to gently prepare it so that it can be sent to the ancestors (pitrs). It highlights Agni's role as a divine intermediary in the transition from life to the afterlife.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मा एनं अग्ने वि दहः मा अभि शोचः mā́ enam agne ví dahaḥ mā́ abhí śocaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. मा आस्य त्वचं चिक्षिपः मा शरीरम् mā́ asya tvácam cikṣipaḥ mā́ śárīram (11 syllables)
- C. यदा शृतं कृणवो जातवेदः yadā́ śr̥tám kr̥ṇávaḥ jātavedaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अथे ईम एनं प्र हिणुतात् पितृभ्यः átha īm enam prá hinutāt pitŕ̥bhyaḥ (11 syllables)
मा (mā́)
do not
एनं (enam)
him
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
वि (ví)
apart
दहः (dahaḥ)
burn
मा (mā́)
do not
अभि (abhí)
completely
शोचः (śocaḥ)
scorch
मा (mā́)
do not
आस्य (asya)
his
त्वचं (tvácam)
skin
चिक्षिपः (cikṣipaḥ)
scatter
मा (mā́)
do not
शरीरम् (śárīram)
body
यदा (yadā́)
when
शृतं (śr̥tám)
prepared/cooked
कृणवो (kr̥ṇávaḥ)
you make
जातवेदः (jātavedaḥ)
O Jātavedas (Agni)
अथे (átha)
then
ईम (īm)
him
एनं (enam)
him
प्र (prá)
forth
हिणुतात् (hinutāt)
send
पितृभ्यः (pitŕ̥bhyaḥ)
to the fathers
Stanza 10.16.2
शृ॒तं य॒दा कर॑सि जातवे॒दोऽथे॑मेनं॒ परि॑ दत्तात्पि॒तृभ्यः॑ | य॒दा गच्छा॒त्यसु॑नीतिमे॒तामथा॑ दे॒वानां॑ वश॒नीर्भ॑वाति ||
śr̥táṁ yadā́ kárasi jātavedó 'them enam pári dattāt pitŕ̥bhyaḥ yadā́ gáchāty ásunītim etā́m áthā devā́nāṁ vaśanī́r bhavāti
O Jātavedas (Agni), when you make him ready, then deliver him to the fathers. When he reaches this afterlife, he then becomes a controller of the gods.
This stanza continues the prayer to Agni, emphasizing the completion of the preparation process for the deceased. Once Agni has 'made him ready' (cooked or purified), he is to be handed over to the ancestors. The stanza describes the deceased's journey to the realm of the departed (asuniti) and the subsequent attainment of a superior status, possibly control over the gods.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. शृतं यदा करसि जातवेदः śr̥tám yadā́ kárasi jātavedaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अथा ईम एनं परि दत्तात् पितृभ्यः átha īm enam pári dattāt pitŕ̥bhyaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. यदा गच्छाति असुनीतिं एतां yadā́ gáchāti ásunītim etā́m (11 syllables)
- D. देवानां वशनीः भवाति átha + devā́nām vaśanī́ḥ bhavāti (11 syllables)
शृतं (śr̥tám)
prepared/cooked
यदा (yadā́)
when
करसि (kárasi)
you make
जातवेदः (jātavedaḥ)
O Jātavedas (Agni)
अथा (átha)
then
ईम (īm)
him
एनं (enam)
him
परि (pári)
around/completely
दत्तात् (dattāt)
deliver
पितृभ्यः (pitŕ̥bhyaḥ)
to the fathers
यदा (yadā́)
when
गच्छाति (gáchāti)
reaches
असुनीतिं (ásunītim)
the afterlife/spirit-life
एतां (etā́m)
this
(átha +)
देवानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
वशनीः (vaśanī́ḥ)
controller
भवाति (bhavāti)
becomes
Stanza 10.16.3
सूर्यं॒ चक्षु॑र्गच्छतु॒ वात॑मा॒त्मा द्यां च॑ गच्छ पृथि॒वीं च॒ धर्म॑णा | अ॒पो वा॑ गच्छ॒ यदि॒ तत्र॑ ते हि॒तमोष॑धीषु॒ प्रति॑ तिष्ठा॒ शरी॑रैः ||
sū́ryaṁ cákṣur gachatu vā́tam ātmā́ dyā́ṁ ca gacha pr̥thivī́ṁ ca dhármaṇā apó vā gacha yádi tátra te hitám óṣadhīṣu práti tiṣṭhā śárīraiḥ
May the Sun receive your eye, the Wind your spirit; go to the sky and earth according to your deeds. Go to the waters, if that is your destiny; in plants, with your limbs, be established.
This stanza describes the dispersal of the deceased's physical and subtle components to their respective domains. The eye is to go to the sun, the breath/spirit to the wind, and the person should go to earth or heaven according to their deeds (dharmana). It also mentions going to the waters and becoming part of plants, indicating a comprehensive reintegration with nature.
Meter:
- A. सूर्यं चक्षुः गच्छतु वातं आत्मा sū́ryam cákṣuḥ gachatu vā́tam ātmā́ (11 syllables)
- B. द्यां च गच्छ पृथिवीं च धर्मणा dyā́m ca gacha pr̥thivī́m ca dhármaṇā (12 syllables)
- C. अपो वा गच्छ यदि तत्र ते हितं apáḥ vā gacha yádi tátra te hitám (12 syllables)
- D. ओषधीषु प्रति शरीरैः óṣadhīṣu práti tiṣṭha + śárīraiḥ (11 syllables)
सूर्यं (sū́ryam)
the Sun
चक्षुः (cákṣuḥ)
eye
गच्छतु (gachatu)
may go
वातं (vā́tam)
the Wind
आत्मा (ātmā́)
spirit
द्यां (dyā́m)
the sky
च (ca)
and
गच्छ (gacha)
go
पृथिवीं (pr̥thivī́m)
the earth
च (ca)
and
धर्मणा (dhármaṇā)
according to deeds/merit
अपो (apáḥ)
waters
वा (vā)
or
गच्छ (gacha)
go
यदि (yádi)
if
तत्र (tátra)
there
ते (te)
for you
हितं (hitám)
destiny/established
ओषधीषु (óṣadhīṣu)
in plants
प्रति (práti)
towards/in
(tiṣṭha +)
शरीरैः (śárīraiḥ)
with limbs/members
Stanza 10.16.4
अ॒जो भा॒गस्तप॑सा॒ तं त॑पस्व॒ तं ते॑ शो॒चिस्त॑पतु॒ तं ते॑ अ॒र्चिः | यास्ते॑ शि॒वास्त॒न्वो॑ जातवेद॒स्ताभि॑र्वहैनं सु॒कृता॑मु लो॒कम् ||
ajó bhāgás tápasā táṁ tapasva táṁ te śocís tapatu táṁ te arcíḥ yā́s te śivā́s tanvò jātavedas tā́bhir vahainaṁ sukŕ̥tām ulokám
Your portion is the goat; consume him with your heat. Let your bright flame, your glowing radiance, consume him. O Jātavedas (Agni), with your auspicious forms, carry him to the world of the good doers.
This verse addresses Agni, assigning a goat as the deceased's portion. It instructs Agni to consume the deceased with his heat and radiance. The speaker asks Agni to use his benevolent forms to guide the deceased to the realm of the pious (sukritam), implying a transformation or purification through Agni's fiery energy.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अजः भागः तपसा तं तपस्व ajáḥ bhāgáḥ tápasā tám tapasva (11 syllables)
- B. तं ते शोचिः तपतु तं ते अर्चिः tám te śocíḥ tapatu tám te arcíḥ (11 syllables)
- C. याः ते शिवाः तन्वः जातवेदः yā́ḥ te śivā́ḥ tanvàḥ jātavedaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. ताभिः वह एनं सुकृतां उलोकं tā́bhiḥ vaha enam sukŕ̥tām ulokám (11 syllables)
अजः (ajáḥ)
goat
भागः (bhāgáḥ)
portion
तपसा (tápasā)
with heat
तं (tám)
him
तपस्व (tapasva)
consume/heat
तं (tám)
him
ते (te)
your
शोचिः (śocíḥ)
bright flame
तपतु (tapatu)
may burn/consume
तं (tám)
him
ते (te)
your
अर्चिः (arcíḥ)
radiance/glow
याः (yā́ḥ)
which
ते (te)
your
शिवाः (śivā́ḥ)
auspicious
तन्वः (tanvàḥ)
forms
जातवेदः (jātavedaḥ)
O Jātavedas (Agni)
ताभिः (tā́bhiḥ)
with them
वह (vaha)
carry
एनं (enam)
him
सुकृतां (sukŕ̥tām)
of the good doers
उलोकं (ulokám)
world
Stanza 10.16.5
अव॑ सृज॒ पुन॑रग्ने पि॒तृभ्यो॒ यस्त॒ आहु॑त॒श्चर॑ति स्व॒धाभिः॑ | आयु॒र्वसा॑न॒ उप॑ वेतु॒ शेषः॒ सं ग॑च्छतां त॒न्वा॑ जातवेदः ||
áva sr̥ja púnar agne pitŕ̥bhyo yás ta ā́hutaś cárati svadhā́bhiḥ ā́yur vásāna úpa vetu śéṣaḥ sáṁ gachatāṁ tanvāā̀ jātavedaḥ
O Agni, release him again to the fathers, who, offered to you, moves with offerings. Wearing new life, may the remainder approach; let him join a body, O Jātavedas (Agni).
This stanza is a further plea to Agni. After the initial cremation and dispatch, the speaker asks Agni to release the deceased back to the fathers, especially if they were offered into Agni with reverence (svadha). The deceased is expected to regain a new life and body, rejoining the community of ancestors.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अव सृज पुनर अग्ने पितृभ्यः áva sr̥ja púnar agne pitŕ̥bhyaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. यः ते आहुतः चरति स्वधाभिः yáḥ te ā́hutaḥ cárati svadhā́bhiḥ (11 syllables)
- C. आयुः वसानः उप वेतु शेषः ā́yuḥ vásānaḥ úpa vetu śéṣaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. सं गच्छतां तन्वा जातवेदः sám gachatām tanvā̀ jātavedaḥ (11 syllables)
अव (áva)
down/away
सृज (sr̥ja)
release
पुनर (púnar)
again
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
पितृभ्यः (pitŕ̥bhyaḥ)
to the fathers
यः (yáḥ)
who
ते (te)
to you
आहुतः (ā́hutaḥ)
offered
चरति (cárati)
moves/goes
स्वधाभिः (svadhā́bhiḥ)
with offerings
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
वसानः (vásānaḥ)
wearing
उप (úpa)
towards
वेतु (vetu)
may approach
शेषः (śéṣaḥ)
remainder/offspring
सं (sám)
together
गच्छतां (gachatām)
let him join
तन्वा (tanvā̀)
with a body
जातवेदः (jātavedaḥ)
O Jātavedas (Agni)
Stanza 10.16.6
यत्ते॑ कृ॒ष्णः श॑कु॒न आ॑तु॒तोद॑ पिपी॒लः स॒र्प उ॒त वा॒ श्वाप॑दः | अ॒ग्निष्टद्वि॒श्वाद॑ग॒दं कृ॑णोतु॒ सोम॑श्च॒ यो ब्रा॑ह्म॒णाँ आ॑वि॒वेश॑ ||
yát te kr̥ṣṇáḥ śakuná ātutóda pipīláḥ sarpá utá vā śvā́padaḥ agníṣ ṭád viśvā́d agadáṁ kr̥ṇotu sómaś ca yó brāhmaṇā́m̐ āvivéśa
Whatever wound the dark bird has inflicted on you—the ant, the serpent, or the jackal—may Agni, who consumes all, heal that, and Soma, who has entered the Brahmins.
This stanza shifts focus to healing any harm that may have befallen the deceased's spirit or body. It lists potential agents of injury: a dark bird, an ant, a serpent, or a jackal. The prayer is for Agni and Soma to heal these wounds, as they are seen as powerful entities capable of purification and restoration.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यत् ते कृष्णः शकुनः आतुतोद yát te kr̥ṣṇáḥ śakunáḥ ātutóda (11 syllables)
- B. पिपीलः सर्पः उत वा श्वापदः pipīláḥ sarpáḥ utá vā śvā́padaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अग्निः तत् विश्वात् अगदं कृणोतु agníḥ tát viśvā́t agadám kr̥ṇotu (11 syllables)
- D. सोमः च यः ब्राह्मणाँ आविवेश sómaḥ ca yáḥ brāhmaṇā́n āvivéśa (11 syllables)
यत् (yát)
whatever
ते (te)
to you
कृष्णः (kr̥ṣṇáḥ)
dark
शकुनः (śakunáḥ)
bird
आतुतोद (ātutóda)
inflicted
पिपीलः (pipīláḥ)
ant
सर्पः (sarpáḥ)
serpent
उत (utá)
or
वा (vā)
or
श्वापदः (śvā́padaḥ)
wild animal (jackal)
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
तत् (tát)
that
विश्वात् (viśvā́t)
all-knowing
अगदं (agadám)
healing
कृणोतु (kr̥ṇotu)
may make
सोमः (sómaḥ)
Soma
च (ca)
and
यः (yáḥ)
who
ब्राह्मणाँ (brāhmaṇā́n)
Brahmins
आविवेश (āvivéśa)
entered/pervaded
Stanza 10.16.7
अ॒ग्नेर्वर्म॒ परि॒ गोभि॑र्व्ययस्व॒ सं प्रोर्णु॑ष्व॒ पीव॑सा॒ मेद॑सा च | नेत्त्वा॑ धृ॒ष्णुर्हर॑सा॒ जर्हृ॑षाणो द॒धृग्वि॑ध॒क्ष्यन्प॑र्य॒ङ्खया॑ते ||
agnér várma pári góbhir vyayasva sám prórṇuṣva pī́vasā médasā ca nét tvā dhr̥ṣṇúr hárasā járhr̥ṣāṇo dadhŕ̥g vidhakṣyán paryaṅkháyāte
Armor yourself with flesh against Agni's (fire), cover yourself with fat and marrow. So that the bold one, burning intensely, may not grasp and consume you.
This verse describes a protective covering for the deceased's transformed body. It's a plea to Agni to be shielded with 'flesh' (possibly metaphorical or referring to earthly sustenance), fat, and marrow. The goal is to protect against Agni's own fierce power or another destructive force, so that the deceased can successfully navigate the afterlife without being consumed.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अग्नेः वर्म परि गोभिः व्ययस्व agnéḥ várma pári góbhiḥ vyayasva (11 syllables)
- B. सं प्र उर्णुष्व पीवसा मेदसा च sám prá ūrṇuṣva pī́vasā médasā ca (11 syllables)
- C. नेत् त्वा धृष्णुः हरसा जर्हृषानः nét tvā dhr̥ṣṇúḥ hárasā járhr̥ṣāṇaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. दधृक् विधक्ष्यन् पर्यङ्खयाते dadhŕ̥k vidhakṣyán paryaṅkháyāte (11 syllables)
अग्नेः (agnéḥ)
of Agni
वर्म (várma)
armor/protection
परि (pári)
around
गोभिः (góbhiḥ)
with flesh/fleshiness
व्ययस्व (vyayasva)
enwrap/arm
सं (sám)
together
प्र (prá)
fully
उर्णुष्व (ūrṇuṣva)
cover
पीवसा (pī́vasā)
with fatness
मेदसा (médasā)
with marrow
च (ca)
and
नेत् (nét)
so that not
त्वा (tvā)
you
धृष्णुः (dhr̥ṣṇúḥ)
bold/aggressive one
हरसा (hárasā)
with intense heat/power
जर्हृषानः (járhr̥ṣāṇaḥ)
burning intensely/rejoicing
दधृक् (dadhŕ̥k)
firmly
विधक्ष्यन् (vidhakṣyán)
intending to consume/destroy
पर्यङ्खयाते (paryaṅkháyāte)
may grasp around/consume
Stanza 10.16.8
इ॒मम॑ग्ने चम॒सं मा वि जि॑ह्वरः प्रि॒यो दे॒वाना॑मु॒त सो॒म्याना॑म् | ए॒ष यश्च॑म॒सो दे॑व॒पान॒स्तस्मि॑न्दे॒वा अ॒मृता॑ मादयन्ते ||
imám agne camasám mā́ ví jihvaraḥ priyó devā́nām utá somyā́nām eṣá yáś camasó devapā́nas tásmin devā́ amŕ̥tā mādayante
O Agni, do not upset this ladle. It is dear to the gods and to those who drink Soma. This ladle is for the gods to drink from; in it, the immortal gods rejoice.
This stanza refers to a ritualistic ladle or cup (camasa) used by the gods. The speaker implores Agni not to disturb this sacred vessel, emphasizing its importance and favor among both gods and beings who partake of Soma. It suggests this vessel is where divine beings find joy and sustenance.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इमम अग्ने चमसं मा वि जिह্বরः imám agne camasám mā́ ví jihvaraḥ (12 syllables)
- B. प्रियः देवानां उत सोम्यानां priyáḥ devā́nām utá somyā́nām (11 syllables)
- C. एष यः चमसः देवपानः eṣá yáḥ camasáḥ devapā́naḥ (10 syllables)
- D. तस्मिन् देवाः अमृताः मादयन्ते tásmin devā́ḥ amŕ̥tāḥ mādayante (11 syllables)
इमम (imám)
this
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
चमसं (camasám)
ladle/cup
मा (mā́)
do not
वि (ví)
apart/away
जिह্বরः (jihvaraḥ)
upset/disturb
प्रियः (priyáḥ)
dear
देवानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
उत (utá)
and
सोम्यानां (somyā́nām)
of those who drink Soma
एष (eṣá)
this
यः (yáḥ)
which
चमसः (camasáḥ)
ladle/cup
देवपानः (devapā́naḥ)
for the gods to drink
तस्मिन् (tásmin)
in it
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
अमृताः (amŕ̥tāḥ)
immortal ones
मादयन्ते (mādayante)
rejoice
Stanza 10.16.9
क्र॒व्याद॑म॒ग्निं प्र हि॑णोमि दू॒रं य॒मरा॑ज्ञो गच्छतु रिप्रवा॒हः | इ॒हैवायमित॑रो जा॒तवे॑दा दे॒वेभ्यो॑ ह॒व्यं व॑हतु प्रजा॒नन् ||
kravyā́dam agním prá hiṇomi dūráṁ yamárājño gachatu ripravāháḥ ihaívā́yám ítaro jātávedā devébhyo havyáṁ vahatu prajānán
I send the flesh-eating Agni far away; let him go to Yama's domain, the stain-bearer. Let this other Jātavedas (Agni) remain here, knowing well, and carry oblations to the gods.
This stanza differentiates two aspects of Agni. One is a 'flesh-eating' Agni (kravyādam), which is to be sent far away to the realm of Yama. The other, 'this other Jātavedas', is the benevolent Agni who remains to carry offerings (havya) to the gods, indicating knowledge and purpose in his actions.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. क्रव्यादं अग्निं प्र हिणोमि दूरं kravyā́dam agním prá hinomi dūrám (11 syllables)
- B. यमराज्ञः गच्छतु रिप्रवाहः yamárājñaḥ gachatu ripravāháḥ (11 syllables)
- C. इह एव अयम् इतरः जातवेदाः ihá evá ayám ítaraḥ jātávedāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. देवेभ्यः हव्यं वहतु प्रजानन् devébhyaḥ havyám vahatu prajānán (11 syllables)
क्रव्यादं (kravyā́dam)
flesh-eating
अग्निं (agním)
Agni
प्र (prá)
forth
हिणोमि (hinomi)
I send
दूरं (dūrám)
far away
यमराज्ञः (yamárājñaḥ)
to Yama's realm/kings
गच्छतु (gachatu)
let go
रिप्रवाहः (ripravāháḥ)
stain-bearer
इह (ihá)
here
एव (evá)
indeed
अयम् (ayám)
this
इतरः (ítaraḥ)
other
जातवेदाः (jātávedāḥ)
Jātavedas (Agni)
देवेभ्यः (devébhyaḥ)
to the gods
हव्यं (havyám)
offering
वहतु (vahatu)
let carry
प्रजानन् (prajānán)
knowing well
Stanza 10.16.10
यो अ॒ग्निः क्र॒व्यात्प्र॑वि॒वेश॑ वो गृ॒हमि॒मं पश्य॒न्नित॑रं जा॒तवे॑दसम् | तं ह॑रामि पितृय॒ज्ञाय॑ दे॒वं स घ॒र्ममि॑न्वात्पर॒मे स॒धस्थे॑ ||
yó agníḥ kravyā́t pravivéśa vo gr̥hám imám páśyann ítaraṁ jātávedasam táṁ harāmi pitr̥yajñā́ya deváṁ sá gharmám invāt paramé sadhásthe
I choose as the divine being for ancestral worship that Agni, who, though flesh-eating, entered your dwelling, seeing the other Jātavedas (Agni). May that one approach the offering pot in the highest assembly.
This verse continues the distinction between two Agnis. The Agni that was 'flesh-eating' and entered the dwelling is now contrasted with the other Jātavedas. The speaker chooses the latter as the divine entity for ancestral worship (pitryajña), implying this specific Agni is suited for communicating with the departed and also brings offerings to the gods in the highest celestial assembly.
Meter:
- A. यः अग्निः क्रव्यात् प्रविवेश वः गृहं yáḥ agníḥ kravyā́t pravivéśa vaḥ gr̥hám (12 syllables)
- B. इमं पश्यन् इतरं जातवेदसम् imám páśyan ítaram jātávedasam (12 syllables)
- C. तं हरामि पितृयज्ञाय देवं tám harāmi pitr̥yajñā́ya devám (11 syllables)
- D. स घर्मं इन्वात् परमे सधस्थे sá gharmám invāt paramé sadhásthe (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
who
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
क्रव्यात् (kravyā́t)
flesh-eating
प्रविवेश (pravivéśa)
entered
वः (vaḥ)
your
गृहं (gr̥hám)
dwelling
इमं (imám)
this
पश्यन् (páśyan)
seeing
इतरं (ítaram)
the other
जातवेदसम् (jātávedasam)
Jātavedas (Agni)
तं (tám)
that one
हरामि (harāmi)
I choose/take
पितृयज्ञाय (pitr̥yajñā́ya)
for ancestral worship
देवं (devám)
as divine
स (sá)
that one
घर्मं (gharmám)
offering pot/celestial heat
इन्वात् (invāt)
may approach/fill
परमे (paramé)
highest
सधस्थे (sadhásthe)
assembly/dwelling place
Stanza 10.16.11
यो अ॒ग्निः क्र॑व्य॒वाह॑नः पि॒तॄन्यक्ष॑दृता॒वृधः॑ | प्रेदु॑ ह॒व्यानि॑ वोचति दे॒वेभ्य॑श्च पि॒तृभ्य॒ आ ||
yó agníḥ kravyavā́hanaḥ pitr̥ŕ̥n yákṣad r̥tāvŕ̥dhaḥ préd u havyā́ni vocati devébhyaś ca pitŕ̥bhya ā́
Let the Agni who carries flesh, who worships the law-upholding fathers, go forth and announce the oblations to the gods and to the fathers.
This verse extols Agni as the 'flesh-bearer' (kravyavāhana) who honors the ancestors who uphold cosmic order (r̥tāvr̥dh). It states that this Agni brings oblations to both the gods and the fathers, facilitating their acceptance and enjoyment of the offerings.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. यः अग्निः क्रव्याद्वहनः yáḥ agníḥ kravyavā́hanaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. पितॄन् यक्षत् ॠतावृधः pitr̥̄́n yákṣat r̥tāvŕ̥dhaḥ (9 syllables)
- C. प्र इत् उ हव्यानि वोचति prá ít u havyā́ni vocati (8 syllables)
- D. देवेभ्यः च पितृभ्य आ devébhyaḥ ca pitŕ̥bhyaḥ ā́ (8 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
who
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
क्रव्याद्वहनः (kravyavā́hanaḥ)
flesh-bearer
पितॄन् (pitr̥̄́n)
fathers
यक्षत् (yákṣat)
worships/honors
ॠतावृधः (r̥tāvŕ̥dhaḥ)
law-upholding ones
प्र (prá)
forth
इत् (ít)
indeed
उ (u)
and
हव्यानि (havyā́ni)
oblations
वोचति (vocati)
announces/proclaims
देवेभ्यः (devébhyaḥ)
to the gods
च (ca)
and
पितृभ्य (pitŕ̥bhyaḥ)
to the fathers
आ (ā́)
towards
Stanza 10.16.12
उ॒शन्त॑स्त्वा॒ नि धी॑मह्यु॒शन्तः॒ समि॑धीमहि | उ॒शन्नु॑श॒त आ व॑ह पि॒तॄन्ह॒विषे॒ अत्त॑वे ||
uśántas tvā ní dhīmahy uśántaḥ sám idhīmahi uśánn uśatá ā́ vaha pitr̥ŕ̥n havíṣe áttave
We would gladly place you, we would gladly ignite you. Gladly, O willing one, bring the willing fathers to eat the offering.
This verse expresses a desire for Agni's presence and action, fueled by willing devotion. The speaker wishes to place Agni, ignite him, and then asks Agni to gladly bring the fathers to partake of the sacrificial food (havish). It emphasizes a harmonious interaction where both humans and divine beings are eager.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. उशन्तः त्वा नि धीमहि uśántaḥ tvā ní dhīmahi (8 syllables)
- B. उशन्तः सं इधीमहि uśántaḥ sám idhīmahi (8 syllables)
- C. उशन् उशतः आ व uśán uśatáḥ ā́ vaha (8 syllables)
- D. पितॄन् हविषे अत्तवे pitr̥̄́n havíṣe áttave (9 syllables)
उशन्तः (uśántaḥ)
willing/desiring
त्वा (tvā)
you
नि (ní)
down
धीमहि (dhīmahi)
we place
उशन्तः (uśántaḥ)
willing/desiring
सं (sám)
together
इधीमहि (idhīmahi)
we ignite
उशन् (uśán)
willing
उशतः (uśatáḥ)
willing
आ (ā́)
hither
व (vaha)
bring
पितॄन् (pitr̥̄́n)
fathers
हविषे (havíṣe)
for the offering
अत्तवे (áttave)
to eat
Stanza 10.16.13
यं त्वम॑ग्ने स॒मद॑ह॒स्तमु॒ निर्वा॑पया॒ पुनः॑ | कि॒याम्ब्वत्र॑ रोहतु पाकदू॒र्वा व्य॑ल्कशा ||
yáṁ tvám agne samádahas tám u nír vāpayā púnaḥ kiyā́mbv átra rohatu pākadūrvā́ vyàlkaśā
O Agni, cool and restore the place that you have scorched. Let water-lilies grow here, and tender grass and leafy shoots.
This stanza asks Agni to cool and restore a place that he has scorched or burnt. The request implies a process of healing the residual effects of cremation, so that new life can emerge. Specific plants, like the water-lily and grass, are mentioned as symbols of this renewal.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. यं त्वम अग्ने समदहः yám tvám agne samádahaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. तं उ निस् पुनः tám u nís vāpaya + púnar (8 syllables)
- C. किंम्बु अत्र रोहतु kiyā́mbu átra rohatu (8 syllables)
- D. पाकदुर्वा व्यल्कशा pākadūrvā́ vyàlkaśā (8 syllables)
यं (yám)
which
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
समदहः (samádahaḥ)
have scorched
तं (tám)
that place
उ (u)
and
निस् (nís)
out/away
(vāpaya +)
पुनः (púnar)
again
किंम्बु (kiyā́mbu)
water-lilies
अत्र (átra)
here
रोहतु (rohatu)
may grow
पाकदुर्वा (pākadūrvā́)
tender grass
व्यल्कशा (vyàlkaśā)
leafy shoots
Stanza 10.16.14
शीति॑के॒ शीति॑कावति॒ ह्लादि॑के॒ ह्लादि॑कावति | म॒ण्डू॒क्या॒३॒॑ सु सं ग॑म इ॒मं स्व१॒॑ग्निं ह॑र्षय ||
śī́tike śī́tikāvati hlā́dike hlā́dikāvati maṇḍūkyāā̀ sú sáṁ gama imáṁ sv àgníṁ harṣaya
O cool one, O full of coolness, O refreshing one, O full of refreshment, with the female frog, come together well. Delight this Agni here.
This verse is a direct address to certain entities, possibly divine or elemental forces, characterized by coolness and freshness ('śītike', 'hlādike'). It also mentions a 'female frog' ('maṇḍūkyā') and asks for their harmonious presence to delight Agni. This suggests a ritualistic invocation to bring about a favorable and pleasant atmosphere for the divine fire.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. शीतिके शीतिकावति śī́tike śī́tikāvati (8 syllables)
- B. ह्लादिके ह्लादिकावति hlā́dike hlā́dikāvati (8 syllables)
- C. मण्डूक्या सु सं गमः maṇḍūkyā̀ sú sám gamaḥ (8 syllables)
- D. इमं सु अग्निं हर्षय imám sú agním harṣaya (8 syllables)
शीतिके (śī́tike)
O cool one
शीतिकावति (śī́tikāvati)
O full of coolness
ह्लादिके (hlā́dike)
O refreshing one
ह्लादिकावति (hlā́dikāvati)
O full of refreshment
मण्डूक्या (maṇḍūkyā̀)
with the female frog
सु (sú)
well
सं (sám)
together
गमः (gamaḥ)
come
इमं (imám)
this
सु (sú)
well
अग्निं (agním)
Agni
हर्षय (harṣaya)
delight/gladden