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Stanza 10.121.1
हि॒र॒ण्य॒ग॒र्भः सम॑वर्त॒ताग्रे॑ भू॒तस्य॑ जा॒तः पति॒रेक॑ आसीत् | स दा॑धार पृथि॒वीं द्यामु॒तेमां कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ||
hiraṇyagarbháḥ sám avartatā́gre bhūtásya jātáḥ pátir éka āsīt sá dādhāra pr̥thivī́ṁ dyā́m utémā́ṁ kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema
In the beginning, the Golden Embryo arose. Upon birth, he was the sole lord of all that exists. He established and sustains this earth and sky. To which god should we offer worship with our oblation?
This verse describes the primordial existence of Hiranyagarbha, the golden embryo or consciousness, who emerged at the very beginning of creation. As the sole being born, he became the lord of all that came into existence. He is credited with establishing and sustaining the earth and the sky. The stanza concludes with a profound question, asking which divine entity should be honored with offerings, highlighting the mystery surrounding the ultimate creator.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. हिरण्यगर्भः सम् अवर्तत अग्रे hiraṇyagarbháḥ sám avartata ágre (11 syllables)
- B. भूतस्य जातः पतिः एकः आसीत् bhūtásya jātáḥ pátiḥ ékaḥ āsīt (11 syllables)
- C. सः दधार पृथिवीम् द्याम् उत इमाम् sá dādhāra pr̥thivī́m dyā́m utá imā́m (11 syllables)
- D. कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema (11 syllables)
हिरण्यगर्भः (hiraṇyagarbháḥ)
Golden Embryo, the primordial cosmic being
सम् (sám)
together, fully
अवर्तत (avartata)
arose, came into being
अग्रे (ágre)
in the beginning, at the foremost
भूतस्य (bhūtásya)
of that which had become, of existence
जातः (jātáḥ)
born
पतिः (pátiḥ)
lord, master
एकः (ékaḥ)
one, alone
आसीत् (āsīt)
was, existed
सः (sá)
he, that one
दधार (dādhāra)
supported, sustained
पृथिवीम् (pr̥thivī́m)
the earth
द्याम् (dyā́m)
the sky, heaven
उत (utá)
and
इमाम् (imā́m)
this
कस्मै (kásmai)
to whom
देवाय (devā́ya)
to the god
हविषा (havíṣā)
with oblation, with offering
विधेम (vidhema)
let us worship, let us serve
Stanza 10.121.2
य आ॑त्म॒दा ब॑ल॒दा यस्य॒ विश्व॑ उ॒पास॑ते प्र॒शिषं॒ यस्य॑ दे॒वाः | यस्य॑ छा॒यामृतं॒ यस्य॑ मृ॒त्युः कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ||
yá ātmadā́ baladā́ yásya víśva upā́sate praśíṣaṁ yásya devā́ḥ yásya chāyā́mŕ̥taṁ yásya mr̥tyúḥ kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema
He who gives breath and strength, whose command all the gods revere, whose shadow is immortality, whose shadow is death. To which god should we offer worship with our oblation?
This verse extols the divine being as the source of life-giving breath and strength. It states that all the gods acknowledge and revere this being's commands. Furthermore, it highlights the paradox of this entity's power, where its 'shadow' represents both immortality and death. The verse reiterates the question about which god deserves worship, emphasizing the supreme and multifaceted nature of this deity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः आत्मदाः बलदाः यस्य विश्वे yáḥ ātmadā́ḥ baladā́ḥ yásya víśve (11 syllables)
- B. उपासते प्रशिषम् यस्य देवाः upā́sate praśíṣam yásya devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. यस्य छाया अमृतम् यस्य मृत्युः yásya chāyā́ amŕ̥tam yásya mr̥tyúḥ (11 syllables)
- D. कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
he who
आत्मदाः (ātmadā́ḥ)
giver of breath, giver of self
बलदाः (baladā́ḥ)
giver of strength
यस्य (yásya)
whose
विश्वे (víśve)
all
उपासते (upā́sate)
revere, worship
प्रशिषम् (praśíṣam)
command, instruction
यस्य (yásya)
whose
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
the gods
यस्य (yásya)
whose
छाया (chāyā́)
shadow, reflection
अमृतम् (amŕ̥tam)
immortality
यस्य (yásya)
whose
मृत्युः (mr̥tyúḥ)
death
कस्मै (kásmai)
to whom
देवाय (devā́ya)
to the god
हविषा (havíṣā)
with oblation, with offering
विधेम (vidhema)
let us worship, let us serve
Stanza 10.121.3
यः प्रा॑ण॒तो नि॑मिष॒तो म॑हि॒त्वैक॒ इद्राजा॒ जग॑तो ब॒भूव॑ | य ईशे॑ अ॒स्य द्वि॒पद॒श्चतु॑ष्पदः॒ कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ||
yáḥ prāṇató nimiṣató mahitvaíka íd rā́jā jágato babhū́va yá ī́śe asyá dvipádaś cátuṣpadaḥ kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema
He, by his greatness, became the sole king of the moving world that breathes and blinks. He rules over all bipeds and quadrupeds. To which god should we offer worship with our oblation?
This stanza focuses on the supreme ruler of the animate world. It states that through his great power, he became the sole king of all beings that breathe and are awake (implied by 'nimishatah', meaning 'blinking' or 'momentary existence'). He is the one who governs all bipeds (humans) and quadrupeds (animals). The hymn again poses the question of who this supreme god is, to whom worship should be offered.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः प्राणतः निमिषतः महित्वा yáḥ prāṇatáḥ nimiṣatáḥ mahitvā́ (11 syllables)
- B. एकः इत् राजा जगतः बभूव ékaḥ ít rā́jā jágataḥ babhū́va (11 syllables)
- C. यः ईशे अस्य द्विपदः चतुष्पदः yáḥ ī́śe asyá dvipádaḥ cátuṣpadaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
he who
प्राणतः (prāṇatáḥ)
breathing
निमिषतः (nimiṣatáḥ)
blinking, momentarily existing
महित्वा (mahitvā́)
by greatness, by might
एकः (ékaḥ)
one, alone
इत् (ít)
indeed, truly
राजा (rā́jā)
king
जगतः (jágataḥ)
of the moving world, of the universe
बभूव (babhū́va)
became
यः (yáḥ)
he who
ईशे (ī́śe)
rules, governs
अस्य (asyá)
of this
द्विपदः (dvipádaḥ)
of bipeds (humans)
चतुष्पदः (cátuṣpadaḥ)
of quadrupeds (animals)
कस्मै (kásmai)
to whom
देवाय (devā́ya)
to the god
हविषा (havíṣā)
with oblation, with offering
विधेम (vidhema)
let us worship, let us serve
Stanza 10.121.4
यस्ये॒मे हि॒मव॑न्तो महि॒त्वा यस्य॑ समु॒द्रं र॒सया॑ स॒हाहुः | यस्ये॒माः प्र॒दिशो॒ यस्य॑ बा॒हू कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ||
yásyemé himávanto mahitvā́ yásya samudráṁ rasáyā sahā́húḥ yásyemā́ḥ pradíśo yásya bāhū́ kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema
By whose greatness are these snowy mountains, and the ocean with the river Rasā. Whose are these directions, whose are these arms? To which god should we offer worship with our oblation?
This verse attributes the existence of the mighty, snow-capped mountains and the vast ocean to this supreme being's power. It mentions that people call the river Rasā his possession. Furthermore, it metaphorically states that the cardinal directions are his and his arms hold them. The stanza concludes with the recurring question about which god deserves worship.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यस्य इमे हिमवन्तः महित्वा yásya imé himávantaḥ mahitvā́ (11 syllables)
- B. यस्य समुद्रम् रसया सहा आहुः yásya samudrám rasáyā sahá āhúḥ (11 syllables)
- C. यस्य इमाः प्रदिशः यस्य बाहू yásya imā́ḥ pradíśaḥ yásya bāhū́ (11 syllables)
- D. कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema (11 syllables)
यस्य (yásya)
whose
इमे (imé)
these
हिमवन्तः (himávantaḥ)
snow-covered mountains
महित्वा (mahitvā́)
by greatness, by might
यस्य (yásya)
whose
समुद्रम् (samudrám)
the ocean
रसया (rasáyā)
with the river Rasā
सहा (sahá)
along with
आहुः (āhúḥ)
they say
यस्य (yásya)
whose
इमाः (imā́ḥ)
these
प्रदिशः (pradíśaḥ)
directions (east, west, etc.)
यस्य (yásya)
whose
बाहू (bāhū́)
arms (metaphorically, supporting elements)
कस्मै (kásmai)
to whom
देवाय (devā́ya)
to the god
हविषा (havíṣā)
with oblation, with offering
विधेम (vidhema)
let us worship, let us serve
Stanza 10.121.5
येन॒ द्यौरु॒ग्रा पृ॑थि॒वी च॑ दृ॒ळ्हा येन॒ स्वः॑ स्तभि॒तं येन॒ नाकः॑ | यो अ॒न्तरि॑क्षे॒ रज॑सो वि॒मानः॒ कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ||
yéna dyaúr ugrā́ pr̥thivī́ ca dr̥ḷhā́ yéna svà stabhitáṁ yéna nā́kaḥ yó antárikṣe rájaso vimā́naḥ kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema
By whom the dreadful heaven and earth were made firm, by whom the sky and firmament are supported. Who measured the expanse of the atmosphere. To which god should we offer worship with our oblation?
This verse states that the same divine power made the formidable heaven and the firm earth stable. It also upholds the celestial realm ('svah') and the firmament ('nakah'). This being is also described as the one who measured the expanse of the atmosphere. The verse concludes by asking which god should be worshipped with offerings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. येन द्यौः उग्रा पृथ्वी च दृल्हा yéna dyaúḥ ugrā́ pr̥thivī́ ca dr̥ḷhā́ (12 syllables)
- B. येन स्वः स्तम्भितम् येन नाकः yéna svàr stabhitám yéna nā́kaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. यः अन्तरिक्षे रजसः विमानः yáḥ antárikṣe rájasaḥ vimā́naḥ (11 syllables)
- D. कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema (11 syllables)
येन (yéna)
by whom
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
heaven, sky
उग्रा (ugrā́)
dreadful, formidable
पृथ्वी (pr̥thivī́)
earth
च (ca)
and
दृल्हा (dr̥ḷhā́)
made firm, strengthened
येन (yéna)
by whom
स्वः (svàr)
sky, heaven, the sun-world
स्तम्भितम् (stabhitám)
supported, stabilized
येन (yéna)
by whom
नाकः (nā́kaḥ)
firmament, heaven
यः (yáḥ)
he who
अन्तरिक्षे (antárikṣe)
in the atmosphere, in the mid-space
रजसः (rájasaḥ)
of the dust, of the atmosphere
विमानः (vimā́naḥ)
measurer, one who measured
कस्मै (kásmai)
to whom
देवाय (devā́ya)
to the god
हविषा (havíṣā)
with oblation, with offering
विधेम (vidhema)
let us worship, let us serve
Stanza 10.121.6
यं क्रन्द॑सी॒ अव॑सा तस्तभा॒ने अ॒भ्यैक्षे॑तां॒ मन॑सा॒ रेज॑माने | यत्राधि॒ सूर॒ उदि॑तो वि॒भाति॒ कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ||
yáṁ krándasī ávasā tastabhāné abhy aíkṣetām mánasā réjamāne yátrā́dhi sū́ra údito vibhā́ti kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema
To whom, supported by his will, heaven and earth looked up, trembling in their minds. Over whom the risen sun shines. To which god should we offer worship with our oblation?
This verse describes a supreme being to whom heaven and earth look up, supported by his will, while trembling. It also states that the risen sun shines over him. This suggests his overarching control and the awe he inspires even in celestial bodies. The stanza concludes with the familiar question about which god should be worshipped.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यम् क्रन्दसी अवसा तस्तभ.ने yám krándasī ávasā tastabhāné (11 syllables)
- B. अभि ऐक्षेताम् मनसा रेज.माने abhí aíkṣetām mánasā réjamāne (11 syllables)
- C. यत्रा अधि सूरः उदितः विभाति yátra ádhi sū́raḥ úditaḥ vibhā́ti (11 syllables)
- D. कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema (11 syllables)
यम् (yám)
whom
क्रन्दसी (krándasī)
heaven and earth (dual)
अवसा (ávasā)
by his will, by his support
तस्तभ.ने (tastabhāné)
made firm, supported
अभि (abhí)
towards, upon
ऐक्षेताम् (aíkṣetām)
looked
मनसा (mánasā)
with their minds
रेज.माने (réjamāne)
trembling
यत्रा (yátra)
where, over whom
अधि (ádhi)
above, over
सूरः (sū́raḥ)
the sun
उदितः (úditaḥ)
risen, having arisen
विभाति (vibhā́ti)
shines forth, illuminates
कस्मै (kásmai)
to whom
देवाय (devā́ya)
to the god
हविषा (havíṣā)
with oblation, with offering
विधेम (vidhema)
let us worship, let us serve
Stanza 10.121.7
आपो॑ ह॒ यद्बृ॑ह॒तीर्विश्व॒माय॒न्गर्भं॒ दधा॑ना ज॒नय॑न्तीर॒ग्निम् | ततो॑ दे॒वानां॒ सम॑वर्त॒तासु॒रेकः॒ कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ||
ā́po ha yád br̥hatī́r víśvam ā́yan gárbhaṁ dádhānā janáyantīr agním táto devā́nāṁ sám avartatā́sur ékaḥ kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema
When the great waters came everywhere, holding the germ and generating Agni. From them arose the single vital essence of the gods. To which god should we offer worship with our oblation?
This verse recounts the cosmic event where the great primordial waters, carrying the universal germ, came into being and generated Agni (fire/light). From these waters emerged the single vital essence ('asu') of the gods. This narrative points to the waters as a source of creation and the origin of divine energies, leading to the question of who this primary deity is.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आपः ह यत् बृहतीः विश्वम् आयन् ā́paḥ ha yát br̥hatī́ḥ víśvam ā́yan (11 syllables)
- B. गर्भम् दधानाः जनयन्तीः अग्निम् gárbham dádhānāḥ janáyantīḥ agním (11 syllables)
- C. ततः देवानाम् सम् अवर्तत असुः एकः tátas devā́nām sám avartata ásuḥ ékaḥ (13 syllables)
- D. कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema (11 syllables)
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
ह (ha)
indeed, particle of emphasis
यत् (yát)
when
बृहतीः (br̥hatī́ḥ)
great, vast
विश्वम् (víśvam)
all, the universe
आयन् (ā́yan)
came, went
गर्भम् (gárbham)
embryo, germ
दधानाः (dádhānāḥ)
holding, containing
जनयन्तीः (janáyantīḥ)
generating, producing
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni, fire
ततः (tátas)
from that, then
देवानाम् (devā́nām)
of the gods
सम् (sám)
together, fully
अवर्तत (avartata)
arose, came into being
असुः (ásuḥ)
vital essence, spirit
एकः (ékaḥ)
one, alone
कस्मै (kásmai)
to whom
देवाय (devā́ya)
to the god
हविषा (havíṣā)
with oblation, with offering
विधेम (vidhema)
let us worship, let us serve
Stanza 10.121.8
यश्चि॒दापो॑ महि॒ना प॒र्यप॑श्य॒द्दक्षं॒ दधा॑ना ज॒नय॑न्तीर्य॒ज्ञम् | यो दे॒वेष्वधि॑ दे॒व एक॒ आसी॒त्कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ||
yáś cid ā́po mahinā́ paryápaśyad dákṣaṁ dádhānā janáyantīr yajñám yó devéṣv ádhi devá éka ā́sīt kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema
Who, by his might, surveyed the waters that contained power and generated the sacrifice. Who among the gods was the one supreme god. To which god should we offer worship with our oblation?
This verse celebrates the divine being who, in his might, observed the waters containing power and generating sacrifice (or Dharma/order). He is identified as the singular god existing above all other gods. This emphasizes his ultimate supremacy and unique position in the cosmic hierarchy. The stanza concludes with the repeated question about who should be worshipped.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः चिद् आपः महिना पर्यपश्यत् yáḥ cit ā́paḥ mahinā́ paryápaśyat (11 syllables)
- B. दक्षम् दधानाः जनयन्तीः यज्ञम् dákṣam dádhānāḥ janáyantīḥ yajñám (11 syllables)
- C. यः देवेषु अधि देवः एकः आसीत् yáḥ devéṣu ádhi deváḥ ékaḥ ā́sīt (11 syllables)
- D. कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
he who
चिद् (cit)
indeed, particle of emphasis
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
महिना (mahinā́)
by might, by greatness
पर्यपश्यत् (paryápaśyat)
looked over, surveyed
दक्षम् (dákṣam)
power, skill, energy
दधानाः (dádhānāḥ)
containing, holding
जनयन्तीः (janáyantīḥ)
generating, producing
यज्ञम् (yajñám)
sacrifice, offering, worship
यः (yáḥ)
he who
देवेषु (devéṣu)
among the gods
अधि (ádhi)
above, superior
देवः (deváḥ)
god
एकः (ékaḥ)
one, alone
आसीत् (ā́sīt)
was, existed
कस्मै (kásmai)
to whom
देवाय (devā́ya)
to the god
हविषा (havíṣā)
with oblation, with offering
विधेम (vidhema)
let us worship, let us serve
Stanza 10.121.9
मा नो॑ हिंसीज्जनि॒ता यः पृ॑थि॒व्या यो वा॒ दिवं॑ स॒त्यध॑र्मा ज॒जान॑ | यश्चा॒पश्च॒न्द्रा बृ॑ह॒तीर्ज॒जान॒ कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ||
mā́ no hiṁsīj janitā́ yáḥ pr̥thivyā́ yó vā dívaṁ satyádharmā jajā́na yáś cāpáś candrā́ br̥hatī́r jajā́na kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema
May the begetter of the earth not harm us, nor he who, with true law, begat the heaven, nor he who begat the great, bright waters. To which god should we offer worship with our oblation?
This verse expresses a plea for protection from the creator, who is described as the begetter of the earth, the one who established heaven with true law, and the originator of the great, bright waters. This highlights the creator's role in establishing cosmic order and natural phenomena. The verse ends with the customary question about who should be honored.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मा नः हिंसीत् जनिता यः पृथिव्याः mā́ naḥ hiṃsīt janitā́ yáḥ pr̥thivyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. यः वा दिवम् सत्यधर्मा जजान yáḥ vā dívam satyádharmā jajā́na (11 syllables)
- C. यः च अपः चन्द्राः बृहतीः जजान yáḥ ca apáḥ candrā́ḥ br̥hatī́ḥ jajā́na (11 syllables)
- D. कस्मै देवाय हविषा विधेम kásmai devā́ya havíṣā vidhema (11 syllables)
मा (mā́)
not (prohibitive)
नः (naḥ)
us
हिंसीत् (hiṃsīt)
may he not harm
जनिता (janitā́)
begetter, creator
यः (yáḥ)
who
पृथिव्याः (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
यः (yáḥ)
who
वा (vā)
or
दिवम् (dívam)
heaven
सत्यधर्मा (satyádharmā)
with true law, of true order
जजान (jajā́na)
begat, created
यः (yáḥ)
who
च (ca)
and
अपः (apáḥ)
waters
चन्द्राः (candrā́ḥ)
bright, luminous
बृहतीः (br̥hatī́ḥ)
great, vast
जजान (jajā́na)
begat, created
कस्मै (kásmai)
to whom
देवाय (devā́ya)
to the god
हविषा (havíṣā)
with oblation, with offering
विधेम (vidhema)
let us worship, let us serve
Stanza 10.121.10
प्रजा॑पते॒ न त्वदे॒तान्य॒न्यो विश्वा॑ जा॒तानि॒ परि॒ ता ब॑भूव | यत्का॑मास्ते जुहु॒मस्तन्नो॑ अस्तु व॒यं स्या॑म॒ पत॑यो रयी॒णाम् ||
prájāpate ná tvád etā́ny anyó víśvā jātā́ni pári tā́ babhūva yátkāmās te juhumás tán no astu vayáṁ syāma pátayo rayīṇā́m
Prajapati, no one else besides you has embraced all these created beings. Whatever we desire when we offer to you, may that be ours. May we become masters of riches.
This verse directly addresses Prajapati (Lord of Creatures), acknowledging that no one else, besides him, comprehends all created beings. It is a prayer for the fulfillment of desires that arise when invoking him through sacrifice. The verse concludes with a wish to become masters of wealth, indicating a desire for prosperity and abundance granted by this supreme being.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्रजापते न त्वत् एतानि अन्यः prájāpate ná tvát etā́ni anyáḥ (11 syllables)
- B. विश्वा जातानि परि ता बभूव víśvā jātā́ni pári tā́ babhūva (11 syllables)
- C. यत्कामाः ते जुहुमः तत् नः अस्तु yátkāmāḥ te juhumáḥ tát naḥ astu (11 syllables)
- D. वयम् स्याम पतयः रयीणाम् vayám syāma pátayaḥ rayīṇā́m (11 syllables)
प्रजापते (prájāpate)
O Lord of Creatures
न (ná)
not
त्वत् (tvát)
from you
एतानि (etā́ni)
these
अन्यः (anyáḥ)
another, anyone else
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
जातानि (jātā́ni)
born beings, creatures
परि (pári)
around, encompassing
ता (tā́)
them
बभूव (babhūva)
became, encompassed
यत्कामाः (yátkāmāḥ)
those whose desires
ते (te)
to you
जुहुमः (juhumáḥ)
we offer, we sacrifice
तत् (tát)
that
नः (naḥ)
to us
अस्तु (astu)
may it be
वयम् (vayám)
we
स्याम (syāma)
may we be
पतयः (pátayaḥ)
lords, masters
रयीणाम् (rayīṇā́m)
of riches, of wealth