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Stanza 1.123.1
पृ॒थू रथो॒ दक्षि॑णाया अयो॒ज्यैनं॑ दे॒वासो॑ अ॒मृता॑सो अस्थुः | कृ॒ष्णादुद॑स्थाद॒र्या॒३॒॑ विहा॑या॒श्चिकि॑त्सन्ती॒ मानु॑षाय॒ क्षया॑य ||
pr̥thū́ rátho dákṣiṇāyā ayojy aínaṁ devā́so amŕ̥tāso asthuḥ kr̥ṣṇā́d úd asthād aryāā̀ víhāyāś cíkitsantī mā́nuṣāya kṣáyāya
The wide chariot of the dawn, a divine gift, is harnessed! The immortal gods have boarded it. Emerging from darkness, she brilliantly appears, bringing awareness and a new day for humankind.
This verse describes the radiant dawn, personified as a goddess. Her chariot, spacious and drawn by powerful horses, is ready. The immortal gods are boarding it, signifying the transition from night to day. The dawn emerges from darkness, bringing light and awareness to humanity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. पृ॒थू रथो दक्षि॑णाय² अयो॒ज्यै pr̥thúḥ ráthaḥ dákṣiṇāyāḥ ayoji (11 syllables)
- B. नै° नं दे॒वासो अ॒मृता॑सो अस्थुः ā́ enam devā́saḥ amŕ̥tāsaḥ asthuḥ (11 syllables)
- C. कृ॒ष्णादुद स्थाद अ॒र्या विहा॑या kr̥ṣṇā́t út asthāt aryā̀ víhāyāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. चि॒कि॑त्सन्ती मानु॑षाय क्षया॑य cíkitsantī mā́nuṣāya kṣáyāya (11 syllables)
पृ॒थू (pr̥thúḥ)
wide, spacious
रथो (ráthaḥ)
chariot
दक्षि॑णाय² (dákṣiṇāyāḥ)
of the dawn (often seen as a divine offering or gift)
अयो॒ज्यै (ayoji)
was harnessed, yoked
नै° (ā́)
upward, up
नं (enam)
it (referring to the chariot)
दे॒वासो (devā́saḥ)
gods
अ॒मृता॑सो (amŕ̥tāsaḥ)
immortal
अस्थुः (asthuḥ)
stood, ascended, took their place
कृ॒ष्णादुद (kr̥ṣṇā́t)
from darkness
(út)
स्थाद (asthāt)
rose, stood up
अ॒र्या (aryā̀)
noble, brilliant
विहा॑या (víhāyāḥ)
moving onward, energetic
चि॒कि॑त्सन्ती (cíkitsantī)
making known, revealing, causing to be seen
मानु॑षाय (mā́nuṣāya)
for humanity, for people
क्षया॑य (kṣáyāya)
for dwelling, for home
Stanza 1.123.2
पूर्वा॒ विश्व॑स्मा॒द्भुव॑नादबोधि॒ जय॑न्ती॒ वाजं॑ बृह॒ती सनु॑त्री | उ॒च्चा व्य॑ख्यद्युव॒तिः पु॑न॒र्भूरोषा अ॑गन्प्रथ॒मा पू॒र्वहू॑तौ ||
pū́rvā víśvasmād bhúvanād abodhi jáyantī vā́jam br̥hatī́ sánutrī uccā́ vy àkhyad yuvatíḥ punarbhū́r óṣā́ agan prathamā́ pūrváhūtau
She awakens before all the world! Victorious, gathering strength and treasures, the magnificent Dawn, ever young and radiant, shines brightly from above. She has arrived first for our morning worship.
The dawn is portrayed as a powerful, awakening entity that rises before anything else. She is described as victorious, gathering riches and light. As a youthful and ever-renewing force, she shines brightly from on high, marking her arrival as the first presence in the morning's worship.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. पूर्वा विश्व॑स्मा भुव॑नाद बोधि pū́rvā víśvasmāt bhúvanāt abodhi (11 syllables)
- B. जय॑न्ती वा॒जं बृ॒हती सनु॑त्री jáyantī vā́jam br̥hatī́ sánutrī (11 syllables)
- C. उ॒च्चा व्य ख्यद्युव यु॒मतिः पुन॒र्भू uccā́ ví akhyat yuvatíḥ punarbhū́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. आ उ॒षा अगन् प्रथ॒मा पू॒र्वहू॑तौ ā́ uṣā́ḥ agan prathamā́ pūrváhūtau (11 syllables)
पूर्वा (pū́rvā)
first, preceding
विश्व॑स्मा (víśvasmāt)
from all
भुव॑नाद (bhúvanāt)
from the world, from existence
बोधि (abodhi)
awoke, became known
जय॑न्ती (jáyantī)
conquering, victorious
वा॒जं (vā́jam)
strength, sustenance, treasure
बृ॒हती (br̥hatī́)
great, vast, magnificent
सनु॑त्री (sánutrī)
gathering, collecting
उ॒च्चा (uccā́)
on high, upward
व्य (ví)
apart, widely
ख्यद्युव (akhyat)
appeared, revealed
यु॒मतिः (yuvatíḥ)
youthful, young
पुन॒र्भू (punarbhū́ḥ)
renewing, ever-new
आ (ā́)
towards
उ॒षा (uṣā́ḥ)
dawn
अगन् (agan)
came, arrived
प्रथ॒मा (prathamā́)
first
पू॒र्वहू॑तौ (pūrváhūtau)
in the first invocation, in the morning call
Stanza 1.123.3
यद॒द्य भा॒गं वि॒भजा॑सि॒ नृभ्य॒ उषो॑ देवि मर्त्य॒त्रा सु॑जाते | दे॒वो नो॒ अत्र॑ सवि॒ता दमू॑ना॒ अना॑गसो वोचति॒ सूर्या॑य ||
yád adyá bhāgáṁ vibhájāsi nŕ̥bhya úṣo devi martyatrā́ sujāte devó no átra savitā́ dámūnā ánāgaso vocati sū́ryāya
O Dawn, noble goddess, if you distribute blessings today, please share them with us humans! May the god Savitar, our household friend, declare us guiltless before the sun.
The verse addresses the Dawn goddess, acknowledging her divine birth and her role in distributing blessings. It's a plea for her to grant a share of good fortune today to all people. The stanza also invokes Savitar, the Sun god, to declare the worshippers as blameless before the rising sun.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यद द्य भा॒गं वि॒भजा॑सि नृ॒भ्य yát adyá bhāgám vibhájāsi nŕ̥bhyaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. उषो देवि मर्त्य॒त्रा सु॑जाते úṣaḥ devi martyatrā́ sujāte (11 syllables)
- C. दे॒वो नो अत्र सवि॒ता दमू॑ना deváḥ naḥ átra savitā́ dámūnāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अना॑गसो वोचति सूर्या॑य ánāgasaḥ vocati sū́ryāya (11 syllables)
यद (yát)
if, that which
द्य (adyá)
today
भा॒गं (bhāgám)
share, portion, lot
वि॒भजा॑सि (vibhájāsi)
you distribute, divide
नृ॒भ्य (nŕ̥bhyaḥ)
to people, to men
उषो (úṣaḥ)
O Dawn
देवि (devi)
O goddess
मर्त्य॒त्रा (martyatrā́)
among mortals, to mortals
सु॑जाते (sujāte)
O well-born
दे॒वो (deváḥ)
god
नो (naḥ)
us
अत्र (átra)
here, in this context
सवि॒ता (savitā́)
Savitar (Sun god)
दमू॑ना (dámūnāḥ)
of the household, friendly
अना॑गसो (ánāgasaḥ)
sinless, guiltless
वोचति (vocati)
may declare, may speak
सूर्या॑य (sū́ryāya)
to the sun
Stanza 1.123.4
गृ॒हंगृ॑हमह॒ना या॒त्यच्छा॑ दि॒वेदि॑वे॒ अधि॒ नामा॒ दधा॑ना | सिषा॑सन्ती द्योत॒ना शश्व॒दागा॒दग्र॑मग्र॒मिद्भ॑जते॒ वसू॑नाम् ||
gr̥háṁ gr̥ham ahanā́ yāty áchā divé-dive ádhi nā́mā dádhānā síṣāsantī dyotanā́ śáśvad ā́gād ágram-agram íd bhajate vásūnām
Each day she comes, visiting every home, bringing her light. Ever striving, she shines brilliantly. Arriving first, she claims the best treasures, illuminating all.
This verse describes the Dawn's daily appearance, visiting every home and bringing light. She is depicted as actively seeking success and shining brightly. The Dawn is presented as arriving first and claiming the most excellent treasures, symbolizing her role in bringing prosperity and abundance.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. गृ॒हंगृ॑ह मह॒ना या॒त्यच्छा अच्छा gr̥háṃ-gr̥ham ahanā́ yāti ácha + (11 syllables)
- B. दि॒वेदि॑वे अधि ना॒मा दधा॑ना divé-dive ádhi nā́ma + dádhānā (11 syllables)
- C. सिषा॑सन्ती द्योत॒ना शश्व आ अगा॒दग्र síṣāsantī dyotanā́ śáśvat ā́ agāt (11 syllables)
- D. अग्रमग्र इद्भ जते वसू॑नाम् ágram-agram ít bhajate vásūnām (11 syllables)
गृ॒हंगृ॑ह (gr̥háṃ-gr̥ham)
house to house
मह॒ना (ahanā́)
daily, each day
या॒त्यच्छा (yāti)
goes, proceeds
अच्छा (ácha +)
towards
दि॒वेदि॑वे (divé-dive)
day by day
अधि (ádhi)
upon, over
ना॒मा (nā́ma +)
name, fame
दधा॑ना (dádhānā)
placing, establishing
सिषा॑सन्ती (síṣāsantī)
desiring to obtain, striving for
द्योत॒ना (dyotanā́)
shining, illuminating
शश्व (śáśvat)
always, constantly
आ (ā́)
to, towards
अगा॒दग्र (agāt)
has come
अग्रमग्र (ágram-agram)
first, foremost
इद्भ (ít)
indeed, verily
जते (bhajate)
shares, enjoys, obtains
वसू॑नाम् (vásūnām)
of treasures, of riches
Stanza 1.123.5
भग॑स्य॒ स्वसा॒ वरु॑णस्य जा॒मिरुषः॑ सूनृते प्रथ॒मा ज॑रस्व | प॒श्चा स द॑घ्या॒ यो अ॒घस्य॑ धा॒ता जये॑म॒ तं दक्षि॑णया॒ रथे॑न ||
bhágasya svásā váruṇasya jāmír úṣaḥ sūnr̥te prathamā́ jarasva paścā́ sá daghyā yó aghásya dhātā́ jáyema táṁ dákṣiṇayā ráthena
O Dawn, sister of Bhaga and Varuna, sing forth first among the joyful! May the one who does evil grow weak. With your chariot, O Dakshina, may we be victorious!
The Dawn is depicted as a sister to significant deities like Bhaga and Varuna, signifying her elevated status. She is called upon to sing praises and to be the first to do so. The verse also includes a wish that anyone who harms or acts wickedly will be weakened, and that the worshippers will conquer them with the 'Dakshina' (the dawn's chariot or offering).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. भग॑स्य स्व॒सा वरु॑णस्य जामिः bhágasya svásā váruṇasya jāmíḥ (11 syllables)
- B. उषः सूनृ॑ते प्रथ॒मा जरस्व úṣaḥ sūnr̥te prathamā́ jarasva (11 syllables)
- C. प॒श्चा स दघ्याः यो अ॒घस्य धाता paścā́ sá daghyāḥ yáḥ aghásya dhātā́ (11 syllables)
- D. जये॑म त दक्षि॑णया रथे॑न jáyema tám dákṣiṇayā ráthena (11 syllables)
भग॑स्य (bhágasya)
of Bhaga (a god of fortune)
स्व॒सा (svásā)
sister
वरु॑णस्य (váruṇasya)
of Varuna (a god of cosmic order)
जामिः (jāmíḥ)
sister-in-law, female relative (here, signifying close relation)
उषः (úṣaḥ)
O Dawn
सूनृ॑ते (sūnr̥te)
O joyous one, O full of good speech
प्रथ॒मा (prathamā́)
first
जरस्व (jarasva)
sing forth, praise
प॒श्चा (paścā́)
afterward, behind
स (sá)
he
दघ्याः (daghyāḥ)
may be weakened, may decay
यो (yáḥ)
whoever
अ॒घस्य (aghásya)
of evil, of sin
धाता (dhātā́)
establisher, creator, supporter
जये॑म (jáyema)
may we conquer
त (tám)
him
दक्षि॑णया (dákṣiṇayā)
with the dawn's gift, with the offering
रथे॑न (ráthena)
with the chariot
Stanza 1.123.6
उदी॑रतां सू॒नृता॒ उत्पुरं॑धी॒रुद॒ग्नयः॑ शुशुचा॒नासो॑ अस्थुः | स्पा॒र्हा वसू॑नि॒ तम॒साप॑गूळ्हा॒विष्कृ॑ण्वन्त्यु॒षसो॑ विभा॒तीः ||
úd īratāṁ sūnŕ̥tā út púraṁdhīr úd agnáyaḥ śuśucānā́so asthuḥ spārhā́ vásūni támasā́pagūḷhāvíṣ kr̥ṇvanty uṣáso vibhātī́ḥ
Let our joyful songs and wise thoughts ascend, like the bright, rising flames! The shining dawns have emerged. They reveal the beautiful treasures that darkness had hidden.
This verse calls for uplifting hymns and wise thoughts to ascend, mirroring the rising flames of fire. It states that the brilliantly shining dawns have come forth. These dawns, though once covered by darkness, now reveal themselves, bringing forth beloved treasures.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उद ईरतां सूं॒नृता उद धीरुद út īratām sūnŕ̥tāḥ út púraṃdhīḥ (11 syllables)
- B. उद अग्नयः शुशुचा॒नासो अस्थुः út agnáyaḥ śuśucānā́saḥ asthuḥ (11 syllables)
- C. स्पा॒र्हा वसू॑नि तम॒साप गূळ्हा spārhā́ vásūni támasā ápagūḷhā (11 syllables)
- D. आविष् कृण्वन्त्यु षसो विभा॒तीः āvís kr̥ṇvanti uṣásaḥ vibhātī́ḥ (11 syllables)
उद (út)
up, upward
ईरतां (īratām)
let rise, let move
सूं॒नृता (sūnŕ̥tāḥ)
joyful songs, true words
उद (út)
up, upward
धीरुद (púraṃdhīḥ)
wise thoughts, understanding
उद (út)
up, upward
अग्नयः (agnáyaḥ)
fires
शुशुचा॒नासो (śuśucānā́saḥ)
shining brightly, blazing
अस्थुः (asthuḥ)
stood, arose
स्पा॒र्हा (spārhā́)
desirable, lovely
वसू॑नि (vásūni)
treasures, riches
तम॒साप (támasā)
by darkness
गূळ्हा (ápagūḷhā)
hidden, covered
आविष् (āvís)
visibly, manifest
कृण्वन्त्यु (kr̥ṇvanti)
they make, they reveal
षसो (uṣásaḥ)
dawns
विभा॒तीः (vibhātī́ḥ)
shining brightly, radiant
Stanza 1.123.7
अपा॒न्यदेत्य॒भ्य१॒॑न्यदे॑ति॒ विषु॑रूपे॒ अह॑नी॒ सं च॑रेते | प॒रि॒क्षितो॒स्तमो॑ अ॒न्या गुहा॑क॒रद्यौ॑दु॒षाः शोशु॑चता॒ रथे॑न ||
ápānyád éty abhy ànyád eti víṣurūpe áhanī sáṁ carete parikṣítos támo anyā́ gúhākar ádyaud uṣā́ḥ śóśucatā ráthena
One goes away, the other comes; these two unlike-faced days move together. One hides the darkness of the unseen ones. Then Dawn, shining brightly in her chariot, appears.
This verse describes the cyclical nature of day and night, personified as two distinct entities that move in opposite directions and have different appearances. One departs as the other arrives, constantly in motion. It also suggests that one conceals the darkness of the 'parents' (possibly referring to night or the sky), while the shining dawn, with its radiant chariot, becomes visible.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अपा न्यदे त्य॒भ्य अभ्य न्यदे ति ápa anyát éti abhí anyát eti (11 syllables)
- B. विषु॑रूपे अह॑नी स च॑रेते víṣurūpe áhanī sám carete (11 syllables)
- C. परि॒क्षितो स्तम अ॒न्या गुहा कर parikṣítoḥ támaḥ anyā́ gúhā akar (11 syllables)
- D. द्यौ उ॒षा शोशु॑चता रथे॑न ádyaut uṣā́ḥ śóśucatā ráthena (11 syllables)
अपा (ápa)
away
न्यदे (anyát)
the other
त्य॒भ्य (éti)
goes
अभ्य (abhí)
towards
न्यदे (anyát)
the other
ति (eti)
goes
विषु॑रूपे (víṣurūpe)
of different forms, unlike
अह॑नी (áhanī)
two days (day and night)
स (sám)
together
च॑रेते (carete)
move, associate
परि॒क्षितो (parikṣítoḥ)
of the surroundings, of the encompassing ones
स्तम (támaḥ)
darkness
अ॒न्या (anyā́)
one
गुहा (gúhā)
hidden, secret
कर (akar)
made, did
द्यौ (ádyaut)
shone, gleamed
उ॒षा (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
शोशु॑चता (śóśucatā)
shining intensely
रथे॑न (ráthena)
with the chariot
Stanza 1.123.8
स॒दृशी॑र॒द्य स॒दृशी॒रिदु॒ श्वो दी॒र्घं स॑चन्ते॒ वरु॑णस्य॒ धाम॑ | अ॒न॒व॒द्यास्त्रिं॒शतं॒ योज॑ना॒न्येकै॑का॒ क्रतुं॒ परि॑ यन्ति स॒द्यः ||
sadŕ̥śīr adyá sadŕ̥śīr íd u śvó dīrgháṁ sacante váruṇasya dhā́ma anavadyā́s triṁśátaṁ yójanāny ékaikā krátum pári yanti sadyáḥ
She is the same today as she will be tomorrow, always following Varuna's eternal order. Blameless, she travels instantly across thirty regions, pervading everything.
This verse emphasizes the consistent and unchanging nature of the Dawn. She appears today the same as she will tomorrow, following Varuna's eternal law. Described as blameless, she covers vast distances, traversing thirty regions, and instantly penetrating our consciousness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. स॒दृशी अ॒द्य स॒दृशी दु उ श्वो sadŕ̥śīḥ adyá sadŕ̥śīḥ ít u śvás (11 syllables)
- B. दी॒र्घं स॒चन्ते वरु॑णस्य धाम dīrghám sacante váruṇasya dhā́ma (11 syllables)
- C. अ॒न॒व॒द्या त्रिं॒शतं योज॑ना anavadyā́ḥ triṃśátam yójanāni (11 syllables)
- D. एकै॑का क्रतु परि यन्ति सद्यः ékaikā krátum pári yanti sadyás (11 syllables)
स॒दृशी (sadŕ̥śīḥ)
similar, same
अ॒द्य (adyá)
today
स॒दृशी (sadŕ̥śīḥ)
similar, same
दु (ít)
indeed
उ (u)
(an emphatic particle)
श्वो (śvás)
tomorrow
दी॒र्घं (dīrghám)
long (time)
स॒चन्ते (sacante)
follow, associate
वरु॑णस्य (váruṇasya)
of Varuna (god of cosmic order)
धाम (dhā́ma)
place, realm, law, abode
अ॒न॒व॒द्या (anavadyā́ḥ)
blameless, faultless
त्रिं॒शतं (triṃśátam)
thirty
योज॑ना (yójanāni)
regions, distances (measures)
एकै॑का (ékaikā)
each one, one by one
क्रतु (krátum)
intelligence, understanding, spirit
परि (pári)
around, across
यन्ति (yanti)
go, move
सद्यः (sadyás)
immediately, at once
Stanza 1.123.9
जा॒न॒त्यह्नः॑ प्रथ॒मस्य॒ नाम॑ शु॒क्रा कृ॒ष्णाद॑जनिष्ट श्विती॒ची | ऋ॒तस्य॒ योषा॒ न मि॑नाति॒ धामाह॑रहर्निष्कृ॒तमा॒चर॑न्ती ||
jānaty áhnaḥ prathamásya nā́ma śukrā́ kr̥ṣṇā́d ajaniṣṭa śvitīcī́ r̥tásya yóṣā ná mināti dhā́mā́har ahar niṣkr̥tám ācárantī
Knowing the essence of the first day, she is born radiant white from darkness. This youthful maiden, following the cosmic order, never breaks it, arriving each day at her destined time.
The Dawn is presented as knowledgeable, understanding the nature of the first day. She is born bright white from darkness, a youthful maiden who follows the cosmic order (Rta). She doesn't break this order and arrives precisely at her appointed time each day.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. जा॒न॒त्य अह्नः प्रथ॒मस्य नामे jānatī́ áhnaḥ prathamásya nā́ma (11 syllables)
- B. शु॒क्रा कृ॒ष्णाद जनिष्ट श्विती॒ची śukrā́ kr̥ṣṇā́t ajaniṣṭa śvitīcī́ (11 syllables)
- C. ऋ॒तस्य योषा न मि॒नाति धामा r̥tásya yóṣā ná mināti dhā́ma (11 syllables)
- D. ह॒रहर् निष्कृ॒तमा आ॒चर॑न्ती áhar-ahar niṣkr̥tám ācárantī (11 syllables)
जा॒न॒त्य (jānatī́)
knowing
अह्नः (áhnaḥ)
of the day
प्रथ॒मस्य (prathamásya)
of the first
नामे (nā́ma)
name, nature
शु॒क्रा (śukrā́)
bright, radiant
कृ॒ष्णाद (kr̥ṣṇā́t)
from darkness
जनिष्ट (ajaniṣṭa)
was born
श्विती॒ची (śvitīcī́)
white, bright
ऋ॒तस्य (r̥tásya)
of the cosmic order
योषा (yóṣā)
maiden, woman
न (ná)
not
मि॒नाति (mināti)
breaks, violates
धामा (dhā́ma)
abode, law, order
ह॒रहर् (áhar-ahar)
day by day
निष्कृ॒तमा (niṣkr̥tám)
appointed, ordained
आ॒चर॑न्ती (ācárantī)
moving, acting
Stanza 1.123.10
क॒न्ये॑व त॒न्वा॒३॒॑ शाश॑दानाँ॒ एषि॑ देवि दे॒वमिय॑क्षमाणम् | सं॒स्मय॑माना युव॒तिः पु॒रस्ता॑दा॒विर्वक्षां॑सि कृणुषे विभा॒ती ||
kanyèva tanvāā̀ śā́śadānām̐ éṣi devi devám íyakṣamāṇam saṁsmáyamānā yuvatíḥ purástād āvír vákṣāṁsi kr̥ṇuṣe vibhātī́
Like a beautiful maiden adorned, O Goddess, you approach the divine one who worships you. Smiling and youthful, you reveal your radiant beauty in front.
The Dawn is addressed, comparing her to a beautiful maiden adorned for a special occasion. She is moving towards the divine being who desires her. Smiling and youthful, she reveals her beauty and radiance as she appears in front, signifying her vibrant and alluring presence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. क॒न्ये॑व इव त॒न्वा शाश॑दाना kanyā̀ iva tanvā̀ śā́śadānā (11 syllables)
- B. एषि देवि दे॒वमिय क्षमा॑णम् éṣi devi devám íyakṣamāṇam (11 syllables)
- C. सं॒स्मय॑माना यु॒मतिः पु॒रस्ता saṃsmáyamānā yuvatíḥ purástāt (11 syllables)
- D. आविस् वक्षां॑सि कृणुषे विभा॒ती āvís vákṣāṃsi kr̥ṇuṣe vibhātī́ (11 syllables)
क॒न्ये॑व (kanyā̀)
maiden, young girl
इव (iva)
like
त॒न्वा (tanvā̀)
with her body, with her form
शाश॑दाना (śā́śadānā)
shining, adorning
एषि (éṣi)
you go, you approach
देवि (devi)
O goddess
दे॒वमिय (devám)
the god
क्षमा॑णम् (íyakṣamāṇam)
worshipping, desiring to sacrifice
सं॒स्मय॑माना (saṃsmáyamānā)
smiling, beaming
यु॒मतिः (yuvatíḥ)
youthful
पु॒रस्ता (purástāt)
in front, before
आविस् (āvís)
visibly, manifest
वक्षां॑सि (vákṣāṃsi)
bosom, chest, body
कृणुषे (kr̥ṇuṣe)
you make, you reveal
विभा॒ती (vibhātī́)
shining, radiant
Stanza 1.123.11
सु॒सं॒का॒शा मा॒तृमृ॑ष्टेव॒ योषा॒विस्त॒न्वं॑ कृणुषे दृ॒शे कम् | भ॒द्रा त्वमु॑षो वित॒रं व्यु॑च्छ॒ न तत्ते॑ अ॒न्या उ॒षसो॑ नशन्त ||
susaṁkāśā́ mātŕ̥mr̥ṣṭeva yóṣāvís tanvàṁ kr̥ṇuṣe dr̥śé kám bhadrā́ tvám uṣo vitaráṁ vy ùcha ná tát te anyā́ uṣáso naśanta
Beautifully adorned like a bride, you reveal your form for us to see. O Dawn, shine even more brightly! No other dawns have achieved your magnificence.
The Dawn is praised for her beautiful appearance, like a bride adorned by her mother, making her form visible for all to see. She is invoked to shine even more brightly and widely. The verse concludes by stating that no other dawns have ever reached the brilliance and glory that she attains.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सु॒सं॒का॒शा मा॒तृमृ॑ष्टेव इव योषा susaṃkāśā́ mātŕ̥mr̥ṣṭā iva yóṣā (11 syllables)
- B. विस् त॒न्वं कृणुषे दृ॒शे क āvís tanvàm kr̥ṇuṣe dr̥śé kám (11 syllables)
- C. भ॒द्रा त्वमु ष वि॒तरं व्यु च्छ bhadrā́ tvám uṣaḥ vitarám ví ucha (11 syllables)
- D. न तत् ते अ॒न्या उ॒षसो नशन्त ná tát te anyā́ḥ uṣásaḥ naśanta (11 syllables)
सु॒सं॒का॒शा (susaṃkāśā́)
beautifully shining, radiant
मा॒तृमृ॑ष्टेव (mātŕ̥mr̥ṣṭā)
adorned by the mother
इव (iva)
like
योषा (yóṣā)
maiden, woman
विस् (āvís)
visibly, manifest
त॒न्वं (tanvàm)
body, form
कृणुषे (kr̥ṇuṣe)
you make, you reveal
दृ॒शे (dr̥śé)
for seeing
क (kám)
(an intensifier, indicating the purpose)
भ॒द्रा (bhadrā́)
blessed, auspicious
त्वमु (tvám)
you
ष (uṣaḥ)
O Dawn
वि॒तरं (vitarám)
more widely, further
व्यु (ví)
apart, widely
च्छ (ucha)
shine
न (ná)
not
तत् (tát)
that
ते (te)
your
अ॒न्या (anyā́ḥ)
other
उ॒षसो (uṣásaḥ)
dawns
नशन्त (naśanta)
have reached, have attained
Stanza 1.123.12
अश्वा॑वती॒र्गोम॑तीर्वि॒श्ववा॑रा॒ यत॑माना र॒श्मिभिः॒ सूर्य॑स्य | परा॑ च॒ यन्ति॒ पुन॒रा च॑ यन्ति भ॒द्रा नाम॒ वह॑माना उ॒षासः॑ ||
áśvāvatīr gómatīr viśvávārā yátamānā raśmíbhiḥ sū́ryasya párā ca yánti púnar ā́ ca yanti bhadrā́ nā́ma váhamānā uṣā́saḥ
Rich with horses and cows, bringing all blessings, they move with the sun's rays. The Dawns depart and return, carrying auspicious names and forms.
The Dawns are described as being rich in horses, cows, and all desirable things. They actively engage with the sun's rays, constantly moving. They depart and return, carrying auspicious names and forms, symbolizing their continuous and beneficent presence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अश्वा॑वती गोम॑ती वि॒श्ववा॑रा áśvāvatīḥ gómatīḥ viśvávārāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. यत॑माना र॒श्मिभिः सूर्यस्य yátamānāḥ raśmíbhiḥ sū́ryasya (11 syllables)
- C. परा च यन्ति पुन आ च यन्ति párā ca yánti púnar ā́ ca yanti (11 syllables)
- D. भ॒द्रा ना॒म व॒हमाना उ॒षासः bhadrā́ nā́ma váhamānāḥ uṣā́saḥ (11 syllables)
अश्वा॑वती (áśvāvatīḥ)
rich in horses
गोम॑ती (gómatīḥ)
rich in cows
वि॒श्ववा॑रा (viśvávārāḥ)
offering all desired things, all-encompassing
यत॑माना (yátamānāḥ)
striving, moving
र॒श्मिभिः (raśmíbhiḥ)
with rays
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of the sun
परा (párā)
away
च (ca)
and
यन्ति (yánti)
they go
पुन (púnar)
again
आ (ā́)
back
च (ca)
and
यन्ति (yanti)
they come
भ॒द्रा (bhadrā́)
auspicious, good
ना॒म (nā́ma)
names
व॒हमाना (váhamānāḥ)
carrying
उ॒षासः (uṣā́saḥ)
dawns
Stanza 1.123.13
ऋ॒तस्य॑ र॒श्मिम॑नु॒यच्छ॑माना भ॒द्रम्भ॑द्रं॒ क्रतु॑म॒स्मासु॑ धेहि | उषो॑ नो अ॒द्य सु॒हवा॒ व्यु॑च्छा॒स्मासु॒ रायो॑ म॒घव॑त्सु च स्युः ||
r̥tásya raśmím anuyáchamānā bhadrám-bhadraṁ krátum asmā́su dhehi úṣo no adyá suhávā vy ùchāsmā́su rā́yo maghávatsu ca syuḥ
Following the reins of the cosmic order, O Dawn, bestow upon us auspicious thoughts and blessings today! Shine brightly for us, so that riches may be with us and our generous leaders.
This verse is a prayer to the Dawn, asking her to guide worshippers according to the cosmic order (Rta) and to bestow auspicious thoughts and blessings upon them. It calls for the Dawn to shine brightly today, making riches available to them and their leaders.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऋ॒तस्य र॒श्मिम अनु॒यच्छ॑माना r̥tásya raśmím anuyáchamānā (11 syllables)
- B. भ॒द्रम्भ॑द्रं क्रतु अ॒स्मासु धेहि bhadrám-bhadram krátum asmā́su dhehi (11 syllables)
- C. उषो नो अ॒द्य सु॒सं॒का॒शा व्यु च्छ úṣaḥ naḥ adyá suhávā ví ucha (11 syllables)
- D. अ॒स्मासु राय म॒घव॑त्सु च स्युः asmā́su rā́yaḥ maghávatsu ca syuḥ (11 syllables)
ऋ॒तस्य (r̥tásya)
of the cosmic order
र॒श्मिम (raśmím)
rein, ray
अनु॒यच्छ॑माना (anuyáchamānā)
following, accompanying
भ॒द्रम्भ॑द्रं (bhadrám-bhadram)
auspicious thing, good thing
क्रतु (krátum)
thought, wisdom, plan
अ॒स्मासु (asmā́su)
in us
धेहि (dhehi)
place, put, bestow
उषो (úṣaḥ)
O Dawn
नो (naḥ)
us
अ॒द्य (adyá)
today
सु॒सं॒का॒शा (suhávā)
easy to invoke, readily available
व्यु (ví)
apart, widely
च्छ (ucha)
shine
अ॒स्मासु (asmā́su)
in us
राय (rā́yaḥ)
riches, wealth
म॒घव॑त्सु (maghávatsu)
in the generous, in the wealthy
च (ca)
and
स्युः (syuḥ)
may be