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Stanza 9.95.1
कनि॑क्रन्ति॒ हरि॒रा सृ॒ज्यमा॑नः॒ सीद॒न्वन॑स्य ज॒ठरे॑ पुना॒नः | नृभि॑र्य॒तः कृ॑णुते नि॒र्णिजं॒ गा अतो॑ म॒तीर्ज॑नयत स्व॒धाभिः॑ ||
kánikranti hárir ā́ sr̥jyámānaḥ sī́dan vánasya jaṭháre punānáḥ nŕ̥bhir yatáḥ kr̥ṇute nirṇíjaṁ gā́ áto matī́r janayata svadhā́bhiḥ
The tawny one (Soma) makes a loud sound as it is being released. Settling in the wooden vessel, it is being purified. Handled by men, it creates glory. From this, generate praises with powers.
This verse describes the process of preparing Soma, the sacred intoxicating drink. The "tawny steed" likely refers to the Soma plant or its juice. As it is being processed and cleansed ("purified"), it makes loud sounds of activity. It settles into a wooden vessel, and the men (priests or workers) handle it. The juice is then used to create "raiment" (perhaps referring to its power or essence) and to inspire praises and prayers.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कनि॑क्रन्ति हरिः आ सृज्यमानः kánikranti háriḥ ā́ sr̥jyámānaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. सीदन् वनस्य जठरे पुनानः sī́dan vánasya jaṭháre punānáḥ (11 syllables)
- C. नृभिः यत कृणुते निर्णिजं गाः nŕ̥bhiḥ yatáḥ kr̥ṇute nirṇíjam gā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अतः मतीः जनय स्वधाभिः átas matī́ḥ janayata svadhā́bhiḥ (11 syllables)
कनि॑क्रन्ति (kánikranti)
cries out loudly
हरिः (háriḥ)
the tawny one (referring to Soma)
आ (ā́)
up, upward
सृज्यमानः (sr̥jyámānaḥ)
being released or poured
सीदन् (sī́dan)
settling
वनस्य (vánasya)
of the wood/forest (likely referring to the wooden vessel)
जठरे (jaṭháre)
in the belly or interior (of the vessel)
पुनानः (punānáḥ)
purifying or cleansing
नृभिः (nŕ̥bhiḥ)
by men
यत (yatáḥ)
having been obtained or grasped
कृणुते (kr̥ṇute)
makes or creates
निर्णिजं (nirṇíjam)
glory or splendor
गाः (gā́ḥ)
rays or bright spots (metaphor for glory)
अतः (átas)
from this
मतीः (matī́ḥ)
thoughts or praises
जनय (janayata)
generate or produce
स्वधाभिः (svadhā́bhiḥ)
with powers or resources
Stanza 9.95.2
हरिः॑ सृजा॒नः प॒थ्या॑मृ॒तस्येय॑र्ति॒ वाच॑मरि॒तेव॒ नाव॑म् | दे॒वो दे॒वानां॒ गुह्या॑नि॒ नामा॒विष्कृ॑णोति ब॒र्हिषि॑ प्र॒वाचे॑ ||
háriḥ sr̥jānáḥ pathyāā̀m r̥tásyéyarti vā́cam aritéva nā́vam devó devā́nāṁ gúhyāni nā́māvíṣ kr̥ṇoti barhíṣi pravā́ce
The golden one, when released, directs the speech on the path of Rta, like a rower directs a boat. The divine one reveals the secret names of the gods, making them known on the sacred grass for proclamation.
This verse likens Soma, the "golden-hued" deity, to a boatman rowing a vessel. As Soma is released and moves along the 'path of Rta' (cosmic order), it powerfully emits its voice or essence. Like a god among gods, it reveals hidden or secret names and truths, which are then made manifest and declared publicly during rituals, likely on sacred grass (barhis).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. हरिः सृजानः पथ्यां ऋतस्य háriḥ sr̥jānáḥ pathyā̀m r̥tásya (11 syllables)
- B. ईयर्ति वाचं अरितेव इव नावं íyarti vā́cam aritā́ iva nā́vam (11 syllables)
- C. देवः देवानां गुह्यानि नामा deváḥ devā́nām gúhyāni nā́ma (11 syllables)
- D. आविष् कृणोति बर्हिषि प्रवाचे āvís kr̥ṇoti barhíṣi pravā́ce (11 syllables)
हरिः (háriḥ)
the golden-hued one (Soma)
सृजानः (sr̥jānáḥ)
being released or set in motion
पथ्यां (pathyā̀m)
on the path
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order
ईयर्ति (íyarti)
directs or propels
वाचं (vā́cam)
speech or voice
अरितेव (aritā́)
rower
इव (iva)
like
नावं (nā́vam)
boat
देवः (deváḥ)
the god
देवानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
गुह्यानि (gúhyāni)
hidden or secret
नामा (nā́ma)
names
आविष् (āvís)
openly or clearly
कृणोति (kr̥ṇoti)
makes or causes
बर्हिषि (barhíṣi)
on the sacred grass
प्रवाचे (pravā́ce)
for proclamation or declaration
Stanza 9.95.3
अ॒पामि॒वेदू॒र्मय॒स्तर्तु॑राणाः॒ प्र म॑नी॒षा ई॑रते॒ सोम॒मच्छ॑ | न॒म॒स्यन्ती॒रुप॑ च॒ यन्ति॒ सं चा च॑ विशन्त्युश॒तीरु॒शन्त॑म् ||
apā́m ivéd ūrmáyas tárturāṇāḥ prá manīṣā́ īrate sómam ácha namasyántīr úpa ca yánti sáṁ cā́ ca viśanty uśatī́r uśántam
Like the waves of waters, the hastening thoughts move towards Soma. Adoring, they approach and enter into him who is eager to receive them.
This verse describes the movement and effect of Soma's essence, likened to waves of water. The 'thoughts' or prayers (manīṣāḥ) are actively moving towards Soma. These prayers, described as 'longing' and 'adoring', approach Soma, embrace it, and enter into it, mirroring Soma's own desire to receive them.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अपां इव इत् ऊर्मयः तर्तुराणाः apā́m iva ít ūrmáyaḥ tárturāṇāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. प्र मनीषाः ईरते सोमं अच्छ prá manīṣā́ḥ īrate sómam ácha (11 syllables)
- C. नमस्यन्तीः उप च यन्ति सं च namasyántīḥ úpa ca yánti sám ca (11 syllables)
- D. आ च विशन्ति उशतीः उशन्तं ā́ ca viśanti uśatī́ḥ uśántam (11 syllables)
अपां (apā́m)
of the waters
इव (iva)
like
इत् (ít)
indeed, truly
ऊर्मयः (ūrmáyaḥ)
waves
तर्तुराणाः (tárturāṇāḥ)
hastening or moving rapidly
प्र (prá)
forth
मनीषाः (manīṣā́ḥ)
thoughts or prayers
ईरते (īrate)
move or flow
सोमं (sómam)
Soma
अच्छ (ácha)
towards
नमस्यन्तीः (namasyántīḥ)
adoring or bowing
उप (úpa)
up to, towards
च (ca)
and
यन्ति (yánti)
they come or go
सं (sám)
together
च (ca)
and
आ (ā́)
up
च (ca)
and
विशन्ति (viśanti)
they enter
उशतीः (uśatī́ḥ)
desiring or longing (feminine plural)
उशन्तं (uśántam)
desiring or longing (masculine singular)
Stanza 9.95.4
तं म॑र्मृजा॒नं म॑हि॒षं न साना॑वं॒शुं दु॑हन्त्यु॒क्षणं॑ गिरि॒ष्ठाम् | तं वा॑वशा॒नं म॒तयः॑ सचन्ते त्रि॒तो बि॑भर्ति॒ वरु॑णं समु॒द्रे ||
tám marmr̥jānám mahiṣáṁ ná sā́nāv aṁśúṁ duhanty ukṣáṇaṁ giriṣṭhā́m táṁ vāvaśānám matáyaḥ sacante tritó bibharti váruṇaṁ samudré
They extract the Soma stalk, the powerful one dwelling on the mountain, like a bull. The hymns follow him as he bellows. Trita bears Varuṇa in the ocean.
The Soma stalk, the source of the divine essence, is being 'drained' or extracted, like a strong bull being prepared. This essence, described as "bellowing" and "dwelling on mountains," is followed by hymns of praise. Trita, a divine figure, is said to carry Varuṇa, another deity, within the ocean, symbolizing a deep, cosmic connection and support.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. तं मर्मृजानं महिषं न सानौ tám marmr̥jānám mahiṣám ná sā́nau (11 syllables)
- B. अंशुं दुहन्ति उक्षणं गिरिष्ठां aṃśúm duhanti ukṣáṇam giriṣṭhā́m (11 syllables)
- C. तं वावशानं मतयः सचन्ते tám vāvaśānám matáyaḥ sacante (11 syllables)
- D. त्रितः बिभर्ति वरुणं समुद्रे tritáḥ bibharti váruṇam samudré (11 syllables)
तं (tám)
him
मर्मृजानं (marmr̥jānám)
being polished or purified
महिषं (mahiṣám)
powerful bull
न (ná)
like
सानौ (sā́nau)
on the summit or plateau
अंशुं (aṃśúm)
stalk (of Soma)
दुहन्ति (duhanti)
they milk or extract
उक्षणं (ukṣáṇam)
bull or steer
गिरिष्ठां (giriṣṭhā́m)
dwelling on the mountain
तं (tám)
him
वावशानं (vāvaśānám)
bellowing or roaring
मतयः (matáyaḥ)
hymns or praises
सचन्ते (sacante)
follow or attend
त्रितः (tritáḥ)
Trita (a divine figure)
बिभर्ति (bibharti)
bears or carries
वरुणं (váruṇam)
Varuṇa (a deity)
समुद्रे (samudré)
in the ocean or great water
Stanza 9.95.5
इष्य॒न्वाच॑मुपव॒क्तेव॒ होतुः॑ पुना॒न इ॑न्दो॒ वि ष्या॑ मनी॒षाम् | इन्द्र॑श्च॒ यत्क्षय॑थः॒ सौभ॑गाय सु॒वीर्य॑स्य॒ पत॑यः स्याम ||
íṣyan vā́cam upavaktéva hótuḥ punāná indo ví ṣyā manīṣā́m índraś ca yát kṣáyathaḥ saúbhagāya suvī́ryasya pátayaḥ syāma
As you are purified, Indu, send forth the thought of the priest, like one who sends forth speech. May we, as masters of heroic strength, while you and Indra rule for prosperity, attain greatness.
This verse addresses Soma (Indu) directly, asking it to release the thoughts or intentions (manīṣām) of the priest or invoker (hotuḥ), just as it had released its speech earlier. It emphasizes the cooperative rule of Soma and Indra in bringing prosperity ('saubhagāya'). The ultimate desire is to become masters of heroic strength and prowess ('suvīryasya patayaḥ syāma').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इष्यन् वाचं उपवक्तेव इव होतुः íṣyan vā́cam upavaktā́ iva hótuḥ (11 syllables)
- B. पुनान इन्दो वि ष्या मनीषां punānáḥ indo ví sya + manīṣā́m (11 syllables)
- C. इन्द्रः च यत् क्षयथः सौभगाय índraḥ ca yát kṣáyathaḥ saúbhagāya (11 syllables)
- D. सुवीर्यस्य पतयः स्याम suvī́ryasya pátayaḥ syāma (11 syllables)
इष्यन् (íṣyan)
sending forth
वाचं (vā́cam)
speech
उपवक्तेव (upavaktā́)
one who directs or announces
इव (iva)
like
होतुः (hótuḥ)
of the invoker or priest
पुनान (punānáḥ)
purifying
इन्दो (indo)
O Indu (Soma)
वि (ví)
apart, forth
ष्या (sya +)
release or send
मनीषां (manīṣā́m)
thought or intention
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra (a deity)
च (ca)
and
यत् (yát)
what or when
क्षयथः (kṣáyathaḥ)
you two rule or possess
सौभगाय (saúbhagāya)
for prosperity or good fortune
सुवीर्यस्य (suvī́ryasya)
of heroic strength
पतयः (pátayaḥ)
masters or lords
स्याम (syāma)
may we become