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Stanza 8.16.1
प्र स॒म्राजं॑ चर्षणी॒नामिन्द्रं॑ स्तोता॒ नव्यं॑ गी॒र्भिः | नरं॑ नृ॒षाहं॒ मंहि॑ष्ठम् ||
prá samrā́jaṁ carṣaṇīnā́m índraṁ stotā návyaṁ gīrbhíḥ náraṁ nr̥ṣā́ham máṁhiṣṭham
Praise Indra, the sovereign of mankind, the most liberal, the controller of men, with new songs and praises.
This stanza is an invocation to Indra, the king of the gods. The speaker urges the listeners to praise Indra, recognizing him as the supreme ruler of humanity, the most generous, and the one who controls all beings. The praise is to be offered with new songs and hymns.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. प्र सम्राजम् चर्षणीनाम् prá samrā́jam carṣaṇīnā́m (8 syllables)
- B. इन्द्रम् स्तोता नव्यम् गीर्भिः índram stota + návyam gīrbhíḥ (8 syllables)
- C. नरम् नृषाहम् मंहिष्ठम् náram nr̥ṣā́ham máṃhiṣṭham (8 syllables)
प्र (prá)
indeed, truly
सम्राजम् (samrā́jam)
sovereign ruler
चर्षणीनाम् (carṣaṇīnā́m)
of mankind, of men
इन्द्रम् (índram)
Indra
स्तोता (stota +)
praise ye
नव्यम् (návyam)
new
गीर्भिः (gīrbhíḥ)
with songs, with hymns
नरम् (náram)
man, hero
नृषाहम् (nr̥ṣā́ham)
hero-conquering, controlling men
मंहिष्ठम् (máṃhiṣṭham)
most liberal, most generous
Stanza 8.16.2
यस्मि॑न्नु॒क्थानि॒ रण्य॑न्ति॒ विश्वा॑नि च श्रव॒स्या॑ | अ॒पामवो॒ न स॑मु॒द्रे ||
yásminn ukthā́ni ráṇyanti víśvāni ca śravasyāā̀ apā́m ávo ná samudré
In whom all praises and all glorious hymns delight, like the waters that long for the ocean.
This verse describes Indra's greatness, stating that all hymns and praises delight in him. His glory is compared to the immense flow of waters that long to merge with the ocean, signifying his boundless and all-encompassing nature.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यस्मिन् उक्थानि रण्यन्ति yásmin ukthā́ni ráṇyanti (8 syllables)
- B. विश्वा च श्रवस्या víśvāni ca śravasyā̀ (8 syllables)
- C. अपां अवः न समुद्रे apā́m ávaḥ ná samudré (8 syllables)
यस्मिन् (yásmin)
in whom
उक्थानि (ukthā́ni)
praises, hymns
रण्यन्ति (ráṇyanti)
delight, rejoice
विश्वा (víśvāni)
all
च (ca)
and
श्रवस्या (śravasyā̀)
glorious, famous
अपां (apā́m)
of waters
अवः (ávaḥ)
longing, desire
न (ná)
like
समुद्रे (samudré)
in the ocean
Stanza 8.16.3
तं सु॑ष्टु॒त्या वि॑वासे ज्येष्ठ॒राजं॒ भरे॑ कृ॒त्नुम् | म॒हो वा॒जिनं॑ स॒निभ्यः॑ ||
táṁ suṣṭutyā́ vivāse jyeṣṭharā́jam bháre kr̥tnúm mahó vājínaṁ saníbhyaḥ
Him, the greatest king, effective in battle, the giver of great wealth, we invoke with excellent praise.
The speaker expresses a desire to worship and invite Indra, the greatest king, who is effective in battle and powerful in gaining immense wealth and spoils. This worship is to be done with excellent praise and adoration.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. तं सुष्टुत्या आ विवासे tám suṣṭutyā́ ā́ vivāse (8 syllables)
- B. ज्येष्ठराजं भरे कृत्नुम् jyeṣṭharā́jam bháre kr̥tnúm (8 syllables)
- C. महो वाजिनं सनिभ्यः maháḥ vājínam saníbhyaḥ (8 syllables)
तं (tám)
him
सुष्टुत्या (suṣṭutyā́)
with excellent praise
आ (ā́)
to him
विवासे (vivāse)
I invoke, I desire
ज्येष्ठराजं (jyeṣṭharā́jam)
greatest king
भरे (bháre)
in battle, in fight
कृत्नुम् (kr̥tnúm)
effective, powerful
महो (maháḥ)
great
वाजिनं (vājínam)
bestower of wealth, powerful
सनिभ्यः (saníbhyaḥ)
for gaining, for riches
Stanza 8.16.4
यस्यानू॑ना गभी॒रा मदा॑ उ॒रव॒स्तरु॑त्राः | ह॒र्षु॒मन्तः॒ शूर॑सातौ ||
yásyā́nūnā gabhīrā́ mádā urávas tárutrāḥ harṣumántaḥ śū́rasātau
Whose perfect, profound, and wide exhilarations bring joy and victory in the battle of heroes.
This stanza praises Indra's intoxicating powers, describing his divine exhilarations as perfect, profound, and wide-reaching. These powers are also described as victorious and joy-bringing, especially in battles where heroes achieve victory.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यस्य अनूनाः गभीराः yásya ánūnāḥ gabhīrā́ḥ (8 syllables)
- B. मदाः उरवः तरुत्राः mádāḥ urávaḥ tárutrāḥ (8 syllables)
- C. हर्षुमन्तः शूरसाताौ harṣumántaḥ śū́rasātau (8 syllables)
यस्य (yásya)
whose
अनूनाः (ánūnāḥ)
perfect, not lacking
गभीराः (gabhīrā́ḥ)
profound, deep
मदाः (mádāḥ)
intoxications, exhilarations
उरवः (urávaḥ)
wide, vast
तरुत्राः (tárutrāḥ)
victorious, conquering
हर्षुमन्तः (harṣumántaḥ)
joy-giving, delighting
शूरसाताौ (śū́rasātau)
in the attainment of heroes, in battle
Stanza 8.16.5
तमिद्धने॑षु हि॒तेष्व॑धिवा॒काय॑ हवन्ते | येषा॒मिन्द्र॒स्ते ज॑यन्ति ||
tám íd dháneṣu hitéṣv adhivākā́ya havante yéṣām índras té jayanti
Him, when riches are established, they call for support; those who have Indra win.
This verse explains that people call upon Indra for support when wealth and riches are at stake, especially in contexts of war and competition. Those who have Indra as their advocate or protector are assured of victory.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. तं इत् धनेषु हितेषु tám ít dháneṣu hitéṣu (8 syllables)
- B. अधिवाकाय हवन्ते adhivākā́ya havante (8 syllables)
- C. येषां इन्द्रः ते जयन्ति yéṣām índraḥ té jayanti (8 syllables)
तं (tám)
him
इत् (ít)
indeed, certainly
धनेषु (dháneṣu)
in riches, in wealth
हितेषु (hitéṣu)
established, placed, gained
अधिवाकाय (adhivākā́ya)
as advocate, as protector
हवन्ते (havante)
they call, they invoke
येषां (yéṣām)
of whom
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
ते (té)
they
जयन्ति (jayanti)
they conquer, they win
Stanza 8.16.6
तमिच्च्यौ॒त्नैरार्य॑न्ति॒ तं कृ॒तेभि॑श्चर्ष॒णयः॑ | ए॒ष इन्द्रो॑ वरिव॒स्कृत् ||
tám íc cyautnaír ā́ryanti táṁ kr̥tébhiś carṣaṇáyaḥ eṣá índro varivaskŕ̥t
Men honour him with earnest prayers and established rites; Indra is the giver of well-being.
This verse describes how people honor Indra. They revere him with special rituals, earnest prayers, and established practices. Indra is identified as the one who provides well-being and prosperity.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. तं इत् च्यौत्नैः आर्यन्ति tám ít cyautnaíḥ ā́ryanti (8 syllables)
- B. तं कृतेभिः चर्षणयः tám kr̥tébhiḥ carṣaṇáyaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. एषः इन्द्रः वरिवस्कृत् eṣáḥ índraḥ varivaskŕ̥t (8 syllables)
तं (tám)
him
इत् (ít)
indeed, certainly
च्यौत्नैः (cyautnaíḥ)
with stirrings, with earnest efforts
आर्यन्ति (ā́ryanti)
they honour, they revere
तं (tám)
him
कृतेभिः (kr̥tébhiḥ)
with established rites, with actions
चर्षणयः (carṣaṇáyaḥ)
men, people
एषः (eṣáḥ)
this
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
वरिवस्कृत् (varivaskŕ̥t)
giver of well-being, prosperity
Stanza 8.16.7
इन्द्रो॑ ब्र॒ह्मेन्द्र॒ ऋषि॒रिन्द्रः॑ पु॒रू पु॑रुहू॒तः | म॒हान्म॒हीभिः॒ शची॑भिः ||
índro brahméndra ŕ̥ṣir índraḥ purū́ puruhūtáḥ mahā́n mahī́bhiḥ śácībhiḥ
Indra is the priest, Indra the seer, Indra is much invoked by many; he is great by his great powers.
This verse elevates Indra to divine status, proclaiming him as the priest (Brahman), the seer (Rishi), and the one who is invoked by many people. He is described as great and powerful, endowed with mighty abilities and strengths.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. इन्द्रः ब्रह्मा इन्द्रः ऋषिः índraḥ brahmā́ índraḥ ŕ̥ṣiḥ (8 syllables)
- B. इन्द्रः पुरू पुरुहूतः índraḥ purú + puruhūtáḥ (8 syllables)
- C. महान् महीभिः शचीभिः mahā́n mahī́bhiḥ śácībhiḥ (8 syllables)
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
ब्रह्मा (brahmā́)
priest, mystic power
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
ऋषिः (ŕ̥ṣiḥ)
seer, sage
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
पुरू (purú +)
much, many
पुरुहूतः (puruhūtáḥ)
much invoked, greatly called
महान् (mahā́n)
great
महीभिः (mahī́bhiḥ)
with great ones, with mighty powers
शचीभिः (śácībhiḥ)
with strengths, with might
Stanza 8.16.8
स स्तोम्यः॒ स हव्यः॑ स॒त्यः सत्वा॑ तुविकू॒र्मिः | एक॑श्चि॒त्सन्न॒भिभू॑तिः ||
sá stómyaḥ sá hávyaḥ satyáḥ sátvā tuvikūrmíḥ ékaś cit sánn abhíbhūtiḥ
He is worthy of praise, worthy of invocation, true, and possessed of great might; even alone, he is a conqueror.
Indra is described as worthy of praise, invocation, and devotion, being true and powerful. He is characterized by immense strength and action, and even when alone, he is a supreme victor, overpowering all.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. स स्तोम्यः स हव्यः sá stómyaḥ sá hávyaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. सत्यः सत्वा तुविकूर्मिः satyáḥ sátvā tuvikūrmíḥ (8 syllables)
- C. एक चित् सन् अभिभूतिः ékaḥ cit sán abhíbhūtiḥ (8 syllables)
स (sá)
he
स्तोम्यः (stómyaḥ)
worthy of praise
स (sá)
he
हव्यः (hávyaḥ)
worthy of invocation
सत्यः (satyáḥ)
true, real
सत्वा (sátvā)
strength, power
तुविकूर्मिः (tuvikūrmíḥ)
possessing great might, strong
एक (ékaḥ)
one, alone
चित् (cit)
even, indeed
सन् (sán)
conquering, winning
अभिभूतिः (abhíbhūtiḥ)
victorious, overpowering
Stanza 8.16.9
तम॒र्केभि॒स्तं साम॑भि॒स्तं गा॑य॒त्रैश्च॑र्ष॒णयः॑ | इन्द्रं॑ वर्धन्ति क्षि॒तयः॑ ||
tám arkébhis táṁ sā́mabhis táṁ gāyatraíś carṣaṇáyaḥ índraṁ vardhanti kṣitáyaḥ
With hymns, with chants, with the Gayatri meter, the people strengthen Indra.
This verse describes how people and communities honor and strengthen Indra. They invoke him with hymns, chants, and sacred verses. These collective efforts are aimed at increasing Indra's power and glory.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. तं अर्केभिः तं सामभिः tám arkébhiḥ tám sā́mabhiḥ (8 syllables)
- B. तं गायत्रैः चर्षणयः tám gāyatraíḥ carṣaṇáyaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. इन्द्रं वर्धन्ति क्षितयः índram vardhanti kṣitáyaḥ (8 syllables)
तं (tám)
him
अर्केभिः (arkébhiḥ)
with hymns, with praises
तं (tám)
him
सामभिः (sā́mabhiḥ)
with chants, with Sāman verses
तं (tám)
him
गायत्रैः (gāyatraíḥ)
with Gayatri verses (meter)
चर्षणयः (carṣaṇáyaḥ)
men, people
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
वर्धन्ति (vardhanti)
they strengthen, they increase
क्षितयः (kṣitáyaḥ)
peoples, communities
Stanza 8.16.10
प्र॒णे॒तारं॒ वस्यो॒ अच्छा॒ कर्ता॑रं॒ ज्योतिः॑ स॒मत्सु॑ | सा॒स॒ह्वांसं॑ यु॒धामित्रा॑न् ||
praṇetā́raṁ vásyo áchā kártāraṁ jyótiḥ samátsu sāsahvā́ṁsaṁ yudhā́mítrān
The leader towards wealth, the bestower of light in battles, the vanquisher of enemies.
This verse describes Indra's role as a leader and protector. He guides people towards prosperity, provides light and direction in battles, and is the ultimate vanquisher of enemies and obstacles.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. प्रणेतारं वस्यः अच्छा praṇetā́ram vásyaḥ ácha + (8 syllables)
- B. कर्तारं ज्योतिः समत्सु kártāram jyótiḥ samátsu (8 syllables)
- C. सासह्वांसं युधा अमित्रान् sāsahvā́ṃsam yudhā́ amítrān (8 syllables)
प्रणेतारं (praṇetā́ram)
leader, guide
वस्यः (vásyaḥ)
towards wealth, towards goodness
अच्छा (ácha +)
towards
कर्तारं (kártāram)
maker, doer, bestower
ज्योतिः (jyótiḥ)
light, brilliance
समत्सु (samátsu)
in battles, in assemblies
सासह्वांसं (sāsahvā́ṃsam)
conquering, subduing
युधा (yudhā́)
in battle, by fight
अमित्रान् (amítrān)
enemies
Stanza 8.16.11
स नः॒ पप्रिः॑ पारयाति स्व॒स्ति ना॒वा पु॑रुहू॒तः | इन्द्रो॒ विश्वा॒ अति॒ द्विषः॑ ||
sá naḥ pápriḥ pārayāti svastí nāvā́ puruhūtáḥ índro víśvā áti dvíṣaḥ
May that much-invoked Indra, like a ship, carry us safely beyond all enemies.
The speaker prays to Indra, the much-invoked god, to protect them and help them cross over all dangers and enemies safely, like a ship crossing the sea. Indra's presence ensures safety and prosperity.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. स नः पप्रिः पारयाति sá naḥ pápriḥ pārayāti (8 syllables)
- B. स्वस्ति नावा पु Hūtaḥ svastí nāvā́ puruhūtáḥ (8 syllables)
- C. इन्द्रः विश्वा अति द्विषः índraḥ víśvāḥ áti dvíṣaḥ (8 syllables)
स (sá)
he
नः (naḥ)
us
पप्रिः (pápriḥ)
protector, helper
पारयाति (pārayāti)
may he carry across, may he help succeed
स्वस्ति (svastí)
safely, with well-being
नावा (nāvā́)
by ship, with a boat
पु Hūtaḥ (puruhūtáḥ)
much invoked, greatly called
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
विश्वा (víśvāḥ)
all
अति (áti)
beyond, over
द्विषः (dvíṣaḥ)
enemies, hatreds
Stanza 8.16.12
स त्वं न॑ इन्द्र॒ वाजे॑भिर्दश॒स्या च॑ गातु॒या च॑ | अच्छा॑ च नः सु॒म्नं ने॑षि ||
sá tváṁ na indra vā́jebhir daśasyā́ ca gātuyā́ ca áchā ca naḥ sumnáṁ neṣi
As such, O Indra, favor us with wealth, help us find our way, and lead us to happiness.
In this final invocation, the speaker calls upon Indra to bestow his favor and bounty upon them. They ask Indra to honor them with gifts, help them find their way, and lead them to prosperity and well-being.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. स त्वं नः इन्द्र वाजेभिः sá tvám naḥ indra vā́jebhiḥ (8 syllables)
- B. दशस्या च गातुया च daśasyá + ca gātuyá + ca (8 syllables)
- C. अच्छा च नः सुम्नं नेषि ácha + ca naḥ sumnám neṣi (8 syllables)
स (sá)
as such, O you
त्वं (tvám)
you
नः (naḥ)
us
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
वाजेभिः (vā́jebhiḥ)
with wealth, with gifts
दशस्या (daśasyá +)
bestow, favor
च (ca)
and
गातुया (gātuyá +)
help find the way, guide
च (ca)
and
अच्छा (ácha +)
towards
च (ca)
and
नः (naḥ)
us
सुम्नं (sumnám)
happiness, well-being
नेषि (neṣi)
lead