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Stanza 7.44.1
द॒धि॒क्रां वः॑ प्रथ॒मम॒श्विनो॒षस॑म॒ग्निं समि॑द्धं॒ भग॑मू॒तये॑ हुवे | इन्द्रं॒ विष्णुं॑ पू॒षणं॒ ब्रह्म॑ण॒स्पति॑मादि॒त्यान्द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अ॒पः स्वः॑ ||
dadhikrā́ṁ vaḥ prathamám aśvínoṣásam agníṁ sámiddham bhágam ūtáye huve índraṁ víṣṇum pūṣáṇam bráhmaṇas pátim ādityā́n dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ apáḥ svàḥ
I call upon you, Dadhikra, the foremost, for aid; and upon the Ashwins, Ushas, Agni (well-kindled), Bhaga, Indra, Vishnu, Pushan, Brahmanaspati, the Adityas, Heaven and Earth, the Waters, and the Light.
The speaker invokes a multitude of divine beings for aid and protection. This includes the divine horse Dadhikra, the divine twins Ashwins, the dawn goddess Ushas, the fire god Agni, Bhaga (a deity of fortune), Indra (king of gods), Vishnu (preserver), Pushan (nourisher), Brahmanaspati (lord of prayer), the Adityas (solar deities), and the personified Earth and Sky, as well as the Waters and the light (Svar). The invocation is for 'utaye', meaning for support and protection.
Meter: Jagati
- A. द॒धि॒क्रां वः प्रथ॒मम अ॒श्विनो षस dadhikrā́m vaḥ prathamám aśvínā uṣásam (12 syllables)
- B. अ॒ग्निं समि॑द्धं भग ऊ॒तये हुवे agním sámiddham bhágam ūtáye huve (12 syllables)
- C. इन्द्र विष्णु पू॒षण ब्रह्म पति índram víṣṇum pūṣáṇam bráhmaṇaḥ pátim (12 syllables)
- D. आदि॒त्यान् द्यावा॑पृथि अ॒पः स्वः ādityā́n dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ apáḥ svàr (12 syllables)
द॒धि॒क्रां (dadhikrā́m)
divine horse
वः (vaḥ)
for you (plural)
प्रथ॒मम (prathamám)
the first, foremost
अ॒श्विनो (aśvínā)
the twin Ashwins
षस (uṣásam)
the dawn goddess
अ॒ग्निं (agním)
the fire god
समि॑द्धं (sámiddham)
well-kindled, blazing
भग (bhágam)
Bhaga (deity of fortune)
ऊ॒तये (ūtáye)
for protection, for aid
हुवे (huve)
I call
इन्द्र (índram)
Indra (king of gods)
विष्णु (víṣṇum)
Vishnu (preserver)
पू॒षण (pūṣáṇam)
Pushan (nourisher, protector)
ब्रह्म (bráhmaṇaḥ)
of prayer
पति (pátim)
lord, master
आदि॒त्यान् (ādityā́n)
the Adityas (solar deities)
द्यावा॑पृथि (dyā́vāpr̥thivī́)
Heaven and Earth (personified)
अ॒पः (apáḥ)
waters
स्वः (svàr)
light, sun
Stanza 7.44.2
द॒धि॒क्रामु॒ नम॑सा बो॒धय॑न्त उ॒दीरा॑णा य॒ज्ञमु॑पप्र॒यन्तः॑ | इळां॑ दे॒वीं ब॒र्हिषि॑ सा॒दय॑न्तो॒ऽश्विना॒ विप्रा॑ सु॒हवा॑ हुवेम ||
dadhikrā́m u námasā bodháyanta udī́rāṇā yajñám upaprayántaḥ íḷāṁ devī́m barhíṣi sādáyanto 'śvínā víprā suhávā huvema
As we advance towards the sacrifice, awakening Dadhikra with reverence, and seating the divine Ila on the sacred grass, let us invoke the wise and easily-invoked Ashwins.
The speaker describes the actions associated with invoking Dadhikra and other deities. As they move towards the sacrifice ('yajnam') and seat the goddess Ila on the sacred grass ('barhishi'), they are arousing Dadhikra with praises ('namasa'). The divine twins, the Ashwins, are invoked, described as 'vipra' (wise or swift) and 'suhava' (easy to call upon). This ritualistic movement and invocation are meant to bring auspiciousness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. द॒धि॒क्रामु उ नम॑सा बो॒धय॑न्त dadhikrā́m u námasā bodháyantaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. उ॒दीरा॑णा य॒ज्ञमु उपप्र॒यन्तः udī́rāṇāḥ yajñám upaprayántaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. इळां दे॒वीं ब॒र्हिषि सा॒दय॑न्त íḷām devī́m barhíṣi sādáyantaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अ॒श्विना विप्रा सु॒हवा हुवेम aśvínā víprā suhávā huvema (11 syllables)
द॒धि॒क्रामु (dadhikrā́m)
Dadhikra
उ (u)
and
नम॑सा (námasā)
with reverence, with salutations
बो॒धय॑न्त (bodháyantaḥ)
awakening, making aware
उ॒दीरा॑णा (udī́rāṇāḥ)
rising up, moving forward
य॒ज्ञमु (yajñám)
sacrifice, ritual
उपप्र॒यन्तः (upaprayántaḥ)
approaching, moving towards
इळां (íḷām)
Ila (goddess of speech, earth)
दे॒वीं (devī́m)
divine (feminine)
ब॒र्हिषि (barhíṣi)
on the sacred grass (darbha)
सा॒दय॑न्त (sādáyantaḥ)
making to sit, seating
अ॒श्विना (aśvínā)
the twin Ashwins
विप्रा (víprā)
wise, inspired, swift
सु॒हवा (suhávā)
easy to invoke, responsive
हुवेम (huvema)
let us invoke
Stanza 7.44.3
द॒धि॒क्रावा॑णं बुबुधा॒नो अ॒ग्निमुप॑ ब्रुव उ॒षसं॒ सूर्यं॒ गाम् | ब्र॒ध्नं मँ॑श्च॒तोर्वरु॑णस्य ब॒भ्रुं ते विश्वा॒स्मद्दु॑रि॒ता या॑वयन्तु ||
dadhikrā́vāṇam bubudhānó agním úpa bruva uṣásaṁ sū́ryaṁ gā́m bradhnám mām̐ścatór váruṇasya babhrúṁ té víśvāsmád duritā́ yāvayantu
While I am consciously awakening Dadhikra, I call upon Agni, Ushas, Surya, the Earth, the reddish and brown aspects of Varuna, and others; may they all drive away all evils from us.
The speaker addresses several deities, invoking them while consciously awakening or meditating on Dadhikra. They speak to Agni (fire), Ushas (dawn), Surya (sun), and the Earth ('gam'). They also invoke Varuna (god of cosmic order) and other deities described as 'bradhnám' (reddish) and 'babhrúm' (brown), as well as the 'mamshcatoh' (possibly a specific epithet or group). The intention is for these deities to remove all evils and misfortunes ('durita') from the speaker.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. द॒धि॒क्रावा॑णं बुबुधा॒नो अ॒ग्निमु dadhikrā́vāṇam bubudhānáḥ agním (11 syllables)
- B. उप ब्रुवे उ॒षसं स॒ूर्यं गा úpa bruve uṣásam sū́ryam gā́m (11 syllables)
- C. ब्र॒ध्नं मँश्च॒तो व॒रु॑णस्य ब॒भ्रुं bradhnám mām̐ścatóḥ váruṇasya babhrúm (11 syllables)
- D. ते विश्वा अ॒स्मद् दु॒रि॒ता या॑वयन्तु té víśvā asmát duritā́ yāvayantu (11 syllables)
द॒धि॒क्रावा॑णं (dadhikrā́vāṇam)
Dadhikra
बुबुधा॒नो (bubudhānáḥ)
awakening, becoming conscious
अ॒ग्निमु (agním)
Agni (fire god)
उप (úpa)
to, towards
ब्रुवे (bruve)
I speak, I address
उ॒षसं (uṣásam)
Ushas (dawn goddess)
स॒ूर्यं (sū́ryam)
Surya (sun god)
गा (gā́m)
Earth
ब्र॒ध्नं (bradhnám)
reddish, bright
मँश्च॒तो (mām̐ścatóḥ)
a specific epithet or group
व॒रु॑णस्य (váruṇasya)
of Varuna (god of cosmic order)
ब॒भ्रुं (babhrúm)
brown, tawny
ते (té)
they
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
अ॒स्मद् (asmát)
from us
दु॒रि॒ता (duritā́)
evils, miseries, distress
या॑वयन्तु (yāvayantu)
may they drive away, may they repel
Stanza 7.44.4
द॒धि॒क्रावा॑ प्रथ॒मो वा॒ज्यर्वाग्रे॒ रथा॑नां भवति प्रजा॒नन् | सं॒वि॒दा॒न उ॒षसा॒ सूर्ये॑णादि॒त्येभि॒र्वसु॑भि॒रङ्गि॑रोभिः ||
dadhikrā́vā prathamó vājy árvā́gre ráthānām bhavati prajānán saṁvidāná uṣásā sū́ryeṇādityébhir vásubhir áṅgirobhiḥ
Dadhikra, the mighty courser, is foremost, leading the chariots with his knowledge. He is closely associated with Dawn, the Sun, the Adityas, the Vasus, and the Angirases.
Dadhikra is described as the foremost, powerful ('vaji') and swift ('arvan') horse, leading the chariots. He is presented as possessing knowledge and being closely associated with Dawn (Ushas), the Sun (Surya), the Adityas, the Vasus (a class of deities), and the Angirases (a group of sages). This association highlights Dadhikra's prominent and powerful role in the cosmic and ritualistic order.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. द॒धि॒क्रावा प्रथ॒मो वा॒ज्य र्वा dadhikrā́vā prathamáḥ vājī́ árvā (11 syllables)
- B. अ॒ग्रे रथा॑नां भवति प्रजा॒नन् ágre ráthānām bhavati prajānán (11 syllables)
- C. सं॒वि॒दा॒नो उ॒षसा स॒ूर्ये॑णा saṃvidānáḥ uṣásā sū́ryeṇa (11 syllables)
- D. आदि॒त्येभि व॒सु॑भि अ॒ङ्गि॑रोभिः ādityébhiḥ vásubhiḥ áṅgirobhiḥ (11 syllables)
द॒धि॒क्रावा (dadhikrā́vā)
Dadhikra
प्रथ॒मो (prathamáḥ)
first, foremost
वा॒ज्य (vājī́)
powerful, strong, swift
र्वा (árvā)
courser, runner, horse
अ॒ग्रे (ágre)
in the front, at the forefront
रथा॑नां (ráthānām)
of the chariots
भवति (bhavati)
he is, he becomes
प्रजा॒नन् (prajānán)
knowing, understanding
सं॒वि॒दा॒नो (saṃvidānáḥ)
closely allied, in union with
उ॒षसा (uṣásā)
with Dawn
स॒ूर्ये॑णा (sū́ryeṇa)
with the Sun
आदि॒त्येभि (ādityébhiḥ)
with the Adityas
व॒सु॑भि (vásubhiḥ)
with the Vasus (deities)
अ॒ङ्गि॑रोभिः (áṅgirobhiḥ)
with the Angirases (sages)
Stanza 7.44.5
आ नो॑ दधि॒क्राः प॒थ्या॑मनक्त्वृ॒तस्य॒ पन्था॒मन्वे॑त॒वा उ॑ | शृ॒णोतु॑ नो॒ दैव्यं॒ शर्धो॑ अ॒ग्निः शृ॒ण्वन्तु॒ विश्वे॑ महि॒षा अमू॑राः ||
ā́ no dadhikrā́ḥ pathyāā̀m anaktv r̥tásya pánthām ánvetavā́ u śr̥ṇótu no daívyaṁ śárdho agníḥ śr̥ṇvántu víśve mahiṣā́ ámūrāḥ
May Dadhikra anoint our path, so we may follow the way of order. May Agni and the divine host hear us; may all the great, unwavering beings hear us.
The speaker requests Dadhikra to anoint or prepare their path, so they can follow the path of cosmic order ('ritsya'). They ask the divine powers, including Agni, the heavenly host ('daivyam shardhah'), and other mighty beings ('vishve mahishah') who are not deceitful ('amurah'), to hear their prayers and grant them safe passage and protection.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ नः द॒धि॒क्राः प॒थ्या अनक्तु ā́ naḥ dadhikrā́ḥ pathyā̀m anaktu (11 syllables)
- B. ऋ॒तस्य पन्था अ॒न्वेत॒वा उ r̥tásya pánthām ánvetavaí u (11 syllables)
- C. शृ॒णोतु नः दैव्यं श॒र्ध अ॒ग्निः śr̥ṇótu naḥ daívyam śárdhaḥ agníḥ (11 syllables)
- D. शृ॒ण्वन्तु विश्वे महि॒षा अमू śr̥ṇvántu víśve mahiṣā́ḥ ámūrāḥ (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
hither, towards us
नः (naḥ)
us
द॒धि॒क्राः (dadhikrā́ḥ)
Dadhikra
प॒थ्या (pathyā̀m)
path
अनक्तु (anaktu)
may he anoint, may he prepare
ऋ॒तस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order, of truth
पन्था (pánthām)
path, way
अ॒न्वेत॒वा (ánvetavaí)
to follow, to go along
उ (u)
particle of emphasis
शृ॒णोतु (śr̥ṇótu)
may he hear
नः (naḥ)
us
दैव्यं (daívyam)
divine
श॒र्ध (śárdhaḥ)
host, troop, army
अ॒ग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
शृ॒ण्वन्तु (śr̥ṇvántu)
may they hear
विश्वे (víśve)
all
महि॒षा (mahiṣā́ḥ)
great ones, mighty ones
अमू (ámūrāḥ)
unwavering, not deceitful