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Stanza 6.12.1
मध्ये॒ होता॑ दुरो॒णे ब॒र्हिषो॒ राळ॒ग्निस्तो॒दस्य॒ रोद॑सी॒ यज॑ध्यै | अ॒यं स सू॒नुः सह॑स ऋ॒तावा॑ दू॒रात्सूर्यो॒ न शो॒चिषा॑ ततान ||
mádhye hótā duroṇé barhíṣo rā́ḷ agnís todásya ródasī yájadhyai ayáṁ sá sūnúḥ sáhasa r̥tā́vā dūrā́t sū́ryo ná śocíṣā tatāna
In the midst of the dwelling, the Hotar (offerer) and King Agni, residing on the altar of grass, worships the sky and earth, the realms of the impeller (Shiva/Agni). This son of strength, abiding by cosmic order, has spread himself from afar with his brilliance, like the sun.
This verse introduces Agni as the divine 'Hotar' (offerer of sacrifice) and 'King' within the 'duronas' (house or dwelling). He is described as the son of 'Sahas' (strength, power) and 'Ritavan' (truthful, abiding by cosmic order). Agni is depicted as spreading himself across the sky and earth, illuminating them with his radiant energy, much like the sun, for the purpose of worship.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मध्ये होता दुरोणे बर्हिषः राट् mádhye hótā duroṇé barhíṣaḥ rā́ṭ (11 syllables)
- B. अग्निः तोदस रोदसी यजध्यै agníḥ todásya ródasī yájadhyai (11 syllables)
- C. अयं स सूनुः सहसः ऋतावा ayám sá sūnúḥ sáhasaḥ r̥tā́vā (11 syllables)
- D. दूरात् सूर्यः न शोचिषा ततान dūrā́t sū́ryaḥ ná śocíṣā tatāna (11 syllables)
मध्ये (mádhye)
in the middle, amidst
होता (hótā)
priest who offers oblations
दुरोणे (duroṇé)
in the house, dwelling
बर्हिषः (barhíṣaḥ)
of the sacred grass (altar)
राट् (rā́ṭ)
king, ruler
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
तोदस (todásya)
of the impeller, pusher (likely referring to Agni or Shiva)
रोदसी (ródasī)
sky and earth (dual)
यजध्यै (yájadhyai)
to worship, to sacrifice
अयं (ayám)
this
स (sá)
he, that
सूनुः (sūnúḥ)
son
सहसः (sáhasaḥ)
of strength, power
ऋतावा (r̥tā́vā)
abiding by cosmic order, truthful
दूरात् (dūrā́t)
from afar
सूर्यः (sū́ryaḥ)
sun
न (ná)
like, as
शोचिषा (śocíṣā)
with brilliance, radiance
ततान (tatāna)
stretched out, spread
Stanza 6.12.2
आ यस्मि॒न्त्वे स्वपा॑के यजत्र॒ यक्ष॑द्राजन्त्स॒र्वता॑तेव॒ नु द्यौः | त्रि॒ष॒धस्थ॑स्तत॒रुषो॒ न जंहो॑ ह॒व्या म॒घानि॒ मानु॑षा॒ यज॑ध्यै ||
ā́ yásmin tvé sv ápāke yajatra yákṣad rājan sarvátāteva nú dyaúḥ triṣadhásthas tatarúṣo ná jáṁho havyā́ maghā́ni mā́nuṣā yájadhyai
O worshipful one, O King, in whom, possessing perfect knowledge, Heaven itself, established in three places, delights like a swift moving entity. May the Sky (Dyauh) wish to perform worship. May he bring human offerings and treasures.
This stanza addresses Agni, referred to as 'yajatra' (worthy of worship) and 'Rajan' (king). It suggests that heaven ('Dyauh') is situated within Agni's totality ('sarvatata') and desires to worship him. Agni is also described as 'trisadhatha' (established in three realms) and his brilliance is compared to the swift movement of something powerful. The verse concludes by stating that Agni, through humans, receives offerings and valuable gifts for the purpose of worship.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ यस्मिन् त्वे सु अपके यजत्र ā́ yásmin tvé sú ápāke yajatra (11 syllables)
- B. यक्षत् राजन सर्वताते इव नु द्यौः yákṣat rājan sarvátātā iva nú dyaúḥ (11 syllables)
- C. त्रिषधस्थः ततरुषः न triṣadhásthaḥ tatarúṣaḥ ná jáṃhaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. हव्या मघानि मानुषा यजध्यै havyā́ maghā́ni mā́nuṣā yájadhyai (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
to, towards
यस्मिन् (yásmin)
in whom
त्वे (tvé)
in you
सु (sú)
well, good
अपके (ápāke)
having perfect knowledge, wise
यजत्र (yajatra)
worthy of worship
यक्षत् (yákṣat)
may he worship, may he honour
राजन (rājan)
king
सर्वताते (sarvátātā)
in all-encompassing totality
इव (iva)
like, as
नु (nú)
now, indeed
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
heaven, sky
त्रिषधस्थः (triṣadhásthaḥ)
established in three places or realms
ततरुषः (tatarúṣaḥ)
of the conqueror, the one who has crossed over
न (ná)
like
(jáṃhaḥ)
हव्या (havyā́)
oblations, offerings
मघानि (maghā́ni)
treasures, gifts
मानुषा (mā́nuṣā)
human
यजध्यै (yájadhyai)
to worship, to sacrifice
Stanza 6.12.3
तेजि॑ष्ठा॒ यस्या॑र॒तिर्व॑ने॒राट् तो॒दो अध्व॒न्न वृ॑धसा॒नो अ॑द्यौत् | अ॒द्रो॒घो न द्र॑वि॒ता चे॑तति॒ त्मन्नम॑र्त्योऽव॒र्त्र ओष॑धीषु ||
téjiṣṭhā yásyāratír vanerā́ṭ todó ádhvan ná vr̥dhasānó adyaut adroghó ná dravitā́ cetati tmánn ámartyo 'vartrá óṣadhīṣu
Whose brilliance is most intense, the sovereign king in the forest, who, waxing, shines on his path. He knows himself, the unfailing one, like a skilled smelter, immortal and unhindered, among the plants.
This verse describes Agni's brilliant, sovereign presence in the forest, constantly growing and shining on his path like a powerful impeller. He is recognized as self-aware and unerring, like a skilled metalsmith, and is considered immortal, remaining steadfast even amongst the plants. Agni is portrayed as unceasingly active and never defeated.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. तेजिष्ठा यस्य अरतिः वनेराट् téjiṣṭhā yásya aratíḥ vanerā́ṭ (11 syllables)
- B. तोदः अध्वन् न वृधसानः अद्यौत् todáḥ ádhvan ná vr̥dhasānáḥ adyaut (11 syllables)
- C. अद्रोघः न द्रविता चेतति त्मन् adrogháḥ ná dravitā́ cetati tmán (11 syllables)
- D. अमर्त्यः अवत्रः औषधीषु ámartyaḥ avartráḥ óṣadhīṣu (11 syllables)
तेजिष्ठा (téjiṣṭhā)
most brilliant, sharpest
यस्य (yásya)
whose
अरतिः (aratíḥ)
sovereign, ruler
वनेराट् (vanerā́ṭ)
king of the forest
तोदः (todáḥ)
impeller, mover
अध्वन् (ádhvan)
on the path
न (ná)
not
वृधसानः (vr̥dhasānáḥ)
growing, waxing
अद्यौत् (adyaut)
shone, blazed
अद्रोघः (adrogháḥ)
unfailing, unerring
न (ná)
not
द्रविता (dravitā́)
mover, runner (here, a smelter)
चेतति (cetati)
perceives, knows
त्मन् (tmán)
in himself
अमर्त्यः (ámartyaḥ)
immortal
अवत्रः (avartráḥ)
unhindered, unstopped
औषधीषु (óṣadhīṣu)
among the plants, herbs
Stanza 6.12.4
सास्माके॑भिरे॒तरी॒ न शू॒षैर॒ग्निः ष्ट॑वे॒ दम॒ आ जा॒तवे॑दाः | द्र्व॑न्नो व॒न्वन्क्रत्वा॒ नार्वो॒स्रः पि॒तेव॑ जार॒यायि॑ य॒ज्ञैः ||
sā́smā́kebhir etárī ná śūṣaír agní ṣṭave dáma ā́ jātávedāḥ drvànno vanván krátvā nā́rvosráḥ pitéva jārayā́yi yajñaíḥ
So he, the swift steed Agni, is praised by our friends with mighty hymns in the home, known as Jatavedas. Winning with his strength, consuming, he is not slow. Like a father, he is praised with sacrifices.
The verse states that Agni, identified as 'Jatavedas' (knower of all births) and 'arvan' (swift steed), is praised by friends ('asmakabhih') with powerful hymns ('shushaih') within the home ('dame'). He is described as consuming offerings ('drvannaḥ') and winning with his strength ('krattva'). Agni is further depicted as not being slow ('arvaḥ') and, like a father ('pitā'), is praised with sacrifices ('yajñaih'), perhaps implying a continuous cycle of nourishment and praise.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. स अस्माकेभिः न शूषैः sá asmā́kebhiḥ etári + ná śūṣaíḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अग्निः ष्टवे दमे आ जातवेदाः agníḥ stave dáme ā́ jātávedāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. द्रवन्नो वन्वन् क्रत्वा न आर्वो drvànnaḥ vanván krátvā ná árvā (11 syllables)
- D. उस्रः पिता इव जारयायि यज्ञैः usráḥ pitā́ iva jārayā́yi yajñaíḥ (11 syllables)
स (sá)
he
अस्माकेभिः (asmā́kebhiḥ)
by us, our
(etári +)
न (ná)
not
शूषैः (śūṣaíḥ)
with strengths, powers
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
ष्टवे (stave)
is praised
दमे (dáme)
in the house
आ (ā́)
in
जातवेदाः (jātávedāḥ)
knower of all births
द्रवन्नो (drvànnaḥ)
consuming, devouring
वन्वन् (vanván)
conquering, winning
क्रत्वा (krátvā)
with strength, power
न (ná)
not
आर्वो (árvā)
slow, not swift
उस्रः (usráḥ)
of the dawn (here, implying light or swiftness)
पिता (pitā́)
father
इव (iva)
like
जारयायि (jārayā́yi)
is made to consume, is digested
यज्ञैः (yajñaíḥ)
with sacrifices
Stanza 6.12.5
अध॑ स्मास्य पनयन्ति॒ भासो॒ वृथा॒ यत्तक्ष॑दनु॒याति॑ पृ॒थ्वीम् | स॒द्यो यः स्य॒न्द्रो विषि॑तो॒ धवी॑यानृ॒णो न ता॒युरति॒ धन्वा॑ राट् ||
ádha smāsya panayanti bhā́so vŕ̥thā yát tákṣad anuyā́ti pr̥thvī́m sadyó yáḥ syandró víṣito dhávīyān r̥ṇó ná tāyúr áti dhánvā rāṭ
Then indeed men praise his shining splendors. As he moves, he follows the broad earth. The swift flowing one, released, moves quickly. He is not like a thief, free from debt, moving over the plains.
This verse describes how people marvel at Agni's shining brilliance, which he spreads across the vast Earth as he moves. He is compared to a swiftly flowing river ('syandrah') that has been released ('vishitah') and is a fast mover ('dhaviyan'). Agni is presented as free from debt ('r̥ṇáḥ') and not like a thief ('tāyúḥ') who hides, but rather one who powerfully moves and shines over the plains ('dhánva').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अध स्मा स्य पनयन्ति भासः ádha sma asya panayanti bhā́saḥ (11 syllables)
- B. वृथा यत् तक्षत् अनुयाति पृथ्वीम् vŕ̥thā yát tákṣat anuyā́ti pr̥thvī́m (11 syllables)
- C. सद्यः यः स्यन्द्रो विषितो धवीयान sadyás yáḥ syandráḥ víṣitaḥ dhávīyān (11 syllables)
- D. ऋणः न तायुः अति राट् r̥ṇáḥ ná tāyúḥ áti dhánva + rāṭ (11 syllables)
अध (ádha)
then, and
स्मा (sma)
indeed, verily
स्य (asya)
his
पनयन्ति (panayanti)
cause to praise, celebrate
भासः (bhā́saḥ)
splendors, lights
वृथा (vŕ̥thā)
without purpose, in vain (here, freely, easily)
यत् (yát)
which
तक्षत् (tákṣat)
carpenter, shaper (here, referring to Agni's active form)
अनुयाति (anuyā́ti)
follows, moves along
पृथ्वीम् (pr̥thvī́m)
the earth
सद्यः (sadyás)
immediately, at once
यः (yáḥ)
who
स्यन्द्रो (syandráḥ)
flowing, stream
विषितो (víṣitaḥ)
released, loosened
धवीयान (dhávīyān)
most swift, fastest runner
ऋणः (r̥ṇáḥ)
free from debt, unburdened
न (ná)
not
तायुः (tāyúḥ)
thief, robber
अति (áti)
beyond, over
(dhánva +)
राट् (rāṭ)
rules, shines
Stanza 6.12.6
स त्वं नो॑ अर्व॒न्निदा॑या॒ विश्वे॑भिरग्ने अ॒ग्निभि॑रिधा॒नः | वेषि॑ रा॒यो वि या॑सि दु॒च्छुना॒ मदे॑म श॒तहि॑माः सु॒वीराः॑ ||
sá tváṁ no arvan nídāyā víśvebhir agne agníbhir idhānáḥ véṣi rāyó ví yāsi duchúnā mádema śatáhimāḥ suvī́rāḥ
So you, O swift one, O Agni, with all your fires enkindled, protect us from evil. Grant us wealth and drive away misfortune. May we rejoice with heroic descendants for a hundred winters.
This final verse is a plea to Agni, addressed as 'Arvan' (swift protector) and 'Agni' with all his fires. The supplicants ask Agni to protect them ('nah') from slander or evil ('nidaya') and, being 'idhana' (enkindled, empowered), to bestow wealth ('rayo') and drive away misfortune ('duchuna'). They express a desire to rejoice ('madema') with heroic descendants ('suvira') for a hundred years ('shatahimah').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. स त्वं नः अर्वन् निदायाः sá tvám naḥ arvan nídāyāḥ (8 syllables)
- B. विश्वेभिः अग्ने अग्निभिः इधानः víśvebhiḥ agne agníbhiḥ idhānáḥ (11 syllables)
- C. वेषि रायो वि यासि दुच्छुनाः véṣi rāyáḥ ví yāsi duchúnāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. मदेम शतहिमाः सुवीराः mádema śatáhimāḥ suvī́rāḥ (11 syllables)
स (sá)
he, that
त्वं (tvám)
you
नः (naḥ)
us
अर्वन् (arvan)
swift, protector
निदायाः (nídāyāḥ)
from evil, from slander
विश्वेभिः (víśvebhiḥ)
all
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अग्निभिः (agníbhiḥ)
with fires
इधानः (idhānáḥ)
enkindled, empowered
वेषि (véṣi)
you protect, you surround
रायो (rāyáḥ)
wealth
वि (ví)
away
यासि (yāsi)
you go, you drive
दुच्छुनाः (duchúnāḥ)
misfortune, bad luck
मदेम (mádema)
may we rejoice
शतहिमाः (śatáhimāḥ)
for a hundred winters, for a hundred years
सुवीराः (suvī́rāḥ)
with heroic descendants