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Stanza 5.48.1
कदु॑ प्रि॒याय॒ धाम्ने॑ मनामहे॒ स्वक्ष॑त्राय॒ स्वय॑शसे म॒हे व॒यम् | आ॒मे॒न्यस्य॒ रज॑सो॒ यद॒भ्र आँ अ॒पो वृ॑णा॒ना वि॑त॒नोति॑ मा॒यिनी॑ ||
kád u priyā́ya dhā́mne manāmahe svákṣatrāya sváyaśase mahé vayám āmenyásya rájaso yád abhrá ā́m̐ apó vr̥ṇānā́ vitanóti māyínī
What shall we ponder for the beloved, self-controlled, and glorious Power? It is a magical energy that, like a cloud, spreads through the boundless region, encompassing the waters.
The verse questions what is to be meditated upon for the beloved "Power" (Dhamna), who is self-controlled and self-glorious. It refers to this Power as a magical force that, like a cloud (abhra), envelops and spreads through the boundless region, holding and moving the waters (apas). The imagery suggests a powerful, pervasive cosmic force associated with water and the sky.
Meter: Jagati
- A. कदु उ प्रियाय धाम्ने मनामह kát u priyā́ya dhā́mne manāmahe (12 syllables)
- B. स्वक्षत्रा स्वयशसे महे वयम् svákṣatrāya sváyaśase mahé vayám (12 syllables)
- C. आमेन्यस्य रजसो यद अभ्रे आ āmenyásya rájasaḥ yát abhré ā́ (12 syllables)
- D. अप वृणाना वितनोति मायिनी apáḥ vr̥ṇānā́ vitanóti māyínī (12 syllables)
कदु (kát)
What
उ (u)
And/also
प्रियाय (priyā́ya)
Beloved
धाम्ने (dhā́mne)
For the power/source/abode
मनामह (manāmahe)
Shall we ponder/meditate
स्वक्षत्रा (svákṣatrāya)
For the self-controlled
स्वयशसे (sváyaśase)
For the self-glorious
महे (mahé)
Great
वयम् (vayám)
We
आमेन्यस्य (āmenyásya)
Of the immeasurable
रजसो (rájasaḥ)
Of the region/atmosphere
यद (yát)
Which
अभ्रे (abhré)
In the cloud
आ (ā́)
Around/about
अप (apáḥ)
Waters
वृणाना (vr̥ṇānā́)
Enveloping/covering
वितनोति (vitanóti)
Spreads out
मायिनी (māyínī)
Magical power/artful
Stanza 5.48.2
ता अ॑त्नत व॒युनं॑ वी॒रव॑क्षणं समा॒न्या वृ॒तया॒ विश्व॒मा रजः॑ | अपो॒ अपा॑ची॒रप॑रा॒ अपे॑जते॒ प्र पूर्वा॑भिस्तिरते देव॒युर्जनः॑ ||
tā́ atnata vayúnaṁ vīrávakṣaṇaṁ samānyā́ vr̥táyā víśvam ā́ rájaḥ ápo ápācīr áparā ápejate prá pū́rvābhis tirate devayúr jánaḥ
These, with uniform and heroic advance, have spread themselves over the entire region. The others move backward. The godly person, by moving with the preceding ones, extends their life.
This stanza describes the movement and effect of certain cosmic forces. The forces referred to as 'these' (tāḥ), described as uniform in their advance and the source of heroic strength, spread throughout the entire region. In contrast, 'the others' (aparāḥ) move backward and away. The pious person, by aligning with the forces that move forward ('preceding ones'), extends their life and prosperity.
Meter: Jagati
- A. ता अत्नत वयुनं वीरवक्षणं tā́ḥ atnata vayúnam vīrávakṣaṇam (12 syllables)
- B. समान्या वृतया विश्वं आ रजः samānyā́ vr̥táyā víśvam ā́ rájaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. अप उ अपंचीः अपराः अप ईजते ápa u ápācīḥ áparāḥ ápa ījate (12 syllables)
- D. प्र पूर्वाभिः तिरते देवयुः जनः prá pū́rvābhiḥ tirate devayúḥ jánaḥ (12 syllables)
ता (tā́ḥ)
These (feminine plural)
अत्नत (atnata)
Spread out
वयुनं (vayúnam)
Knowledge/wisdom/lore
वीरवक्षणं (vīrávakṣaṇam)
Giving strength to heroes
समान्या (samānyā́)
Uniform/common
वृतया (vr̥táyā)
With their course/turn
विश्वं (víśvam)
Entire/all
आ (ā́)
Towards/up to
रजः (rájaḥ)
Region/atmosphere
अप (ápa)
Away
उ (u)
And/also
अपंचीः (ápācīḥ)
Backward-moving
अपराः (áparāḥ)
Others/further
अप (ápa)
Away
ईजते (ījate)
Moves/goes
प्र (prá)
Forward
पूर्वाभिः (pū́rvābhiḥ)
With the preceding ones
तिरते (tirate)
Stretches/extends
देवयुः (devayúḥ)
God-loving/pious
जनः (jánaḥ)
Person/people
Stanza 5.48.3
आ ग्राव॑भिरह॒न्ये॑भिर॒क्तुभि॒र्वरि॑ष्ठं॒ वज्र॒मा जि॑घर्ति मा॒यिनि॑ | श॒तं वा॒ यस्य॑ प्र॒चर॒न्त्स्वे दमे॑ संव॒र्तय॑न्तो॒ वि च॑ वर्तय॒न्नहा॑ ||
ā́ grā́vabhir ahanyèbhir aktúbhir váriṣṭhaṁ vájram ā́ jigharti māyíni śatáṁ vā yásya pracáran své dáme saṁvartáyanto ví ca vartayann áhā
With pressing-stones and bright rays, the 'magical one' hurls the mightiest bolt. Within his own home, a hundred entities are active, setting and turning away the days.
The verse describes a powerful entity, likely a deity or cosmic force, wielding a formidable bolt (vajra). This entity uses pressing-stones (grāvabhiḥ) and bright rays (aktúbhiḥ) to hurl its mightiest bolt against the 'magical one' or 'deceiver' (māyini). The stanza further elaborates on this being's vast power, mentioning that within its own dwelling (své damé), a hundred entities (śatam vā) are active, both setting things in motion (saṃvartáyantaḥ) and turning them away (ví ca vartayan), controlling the cycle of days (áhā).
Meter: Jagati
- A. आ ग्रावभिः अहन्येभिर अक्तुभिः ā́ grā́vabhiḥ ahanyèbhiḥ aktúbhiḥ (12 syllables)
- B. वरिष्ठं वज्रं आ जिगर्ति मायिनि váriṣṭham vájram ā́ jigharti māyíni (12 syllables)
- C. शतं वा यस्य प्रचरन्त्स्वे स्वे दमे śatám vā yásya pracáran své dáme (12 syllables)
- D. संवर्तयन्तो वि च वर्तयन्न अहा saṃvartáyantaḥ ví ca vartayan áhā (12 syllables)
आ (ā́)
Towards
ग्रावभिः (grā́vabhiḥ)
With pressing-stones
अहन्येभिर (ahanyèbhiḥ)
By day
अक्तुभिः (aktúbhiḥ)
With rays/lights
वरिष्ठं (váriṣṭham)
Broadest/mightiest
वज्रं (vájram)
Bolt/thunderbolt
आ (ā́)
Towards
जिगर्ति (jigharti)
Hurls/throws
मायिनि (māyíni)
Towards the magical one/deceiver
शतं (śatám)
A hundred
वा (vā)
Or
यस्य (yásya)
Whose
प्रचरन्त्स्वे (pracáran)
Wandering/moving
स्वे (své)
Own
दमे (dáme)
In the house/abode
संवर्तयन्तो (saṃvartáyantaḥ)
Setting in motion/causing to revolve
वि (ví)
Apart/away
च (ca)
And
वर्तयन्न (vartayan)
Turning away/causing to turn
अहा (áhā)
Days
Stanza 5.48.4
ताम॑स्य री॒तिं प॑र॒शोरि॑व॒ प्रत्यनी॑कमख्यं भु॒जे अ॑स्य॒ वर्प॑सः | सचा॒ यदि॑ पितु॒मन्त॑मिव॒ क्षयं॒ रत्नं॒ दधा॑ति॒ भर॑हूतये वि॒शे ||
tā́m asya rītím paraśór iva práty ánīkam akhyam bhujé asya várpasaḥ sácā yádi pitumántam iva kṣáyaṁ rátnaṁ dádhāti bhárahūtaye viśé
I see its rapid flow, like an axe's edge, which delights the senses. When it gives wealth, like a food-filled dwelling, to the one who invokes it in battle, it fulfills the need.
The speaker observes the rapid, axe-like movement of a force, finding it pleasing to behold. This force is described as bestowing wealth, like a well-provisioned home, upon those who invoke it in battle or strife ('bharahūtaye'). The wealth is substantial ('pitumantam'), implying nourishment and abundance. The verse connects divine power with protection and provision for those who call upon it.
Meter: Jagati
- A. ताम अस्य रीतिं परशोरि इव प्रति tā́m asya rītím paraśóḥ iva práti (12 syllables)
- B. अनीकम अख्यं भुजे अस्य वर्पसः ánīkam akhyam bhujé asya várpasaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. सचा यदि पितुमन्त इव क्षयं sácā yádi pitumántam iva kṣáyam (12 syllables)
- D. रत्नं दधाति भरहूतये विशे rátnam dádhāti bhárahūtaye viśé (12 syllables)
ताम (tā́m)
That (feminine accusative)
अस्य (asya)
Its
रीतिं (rītím)
Flow/course/movement
परशोरि (paraśóḥ)
Of an axe
इव (iva)
Like
प्रति (práti)
Towards
अनीकम (ánīkam)
Face/front/form
अख्यं (akhyam)
I behold/see
भुजे (bhujé)
For enjoyment/to enjoy
अस्य (asya)
Its
वर्पसः (várpasaḥ)
Of the form/beauty
सचा (sácā)
Along with/together
यदि (yádi)
When
पितुमन्त (pitumántam)
Filled with food/nourishing
इव (iva)
Like
क्षयं (kṣáyam)
Dwelling/home
रत्नं (rátnam)
Jewel/treasure/wealth
दधाति (dádhāti)
Gives/bestows
भरहूतये (bhárahūtaye)
For the one invoked/called upon
विशे (viśé)
To the people/clan
Stanza 5.48.5
स जि॒ह्वया॒ चतु॑रनीक ऋञ्जते॒ चारु॒ वसा॑नो॒ वरु॑णो॒ यत॑न्न॒रिम् | न तस्य॑ विद्म पुरुष॒त्वता॑ व॒यं यतो॒ भगः॑ सवि॒ता दाति॒ वार्य॑म् ||
sá jihváyā cáturanīka r̥ñjate cā́ru vásāno váruṇo yátann arím ná tásya vidma puruṣatvátā vayáṁ yáto bhágaḥ savitā́ dā́ti vā́ryam
The four-faced and beautifully clad Varuna stirs himself with his tongue, urging on the pious. We do not understand by human effort from where Bhagah and Savitar give desirable things.
This verse describes Varuna, depicted as 'four-faced' and splendidly clothed, who actively engages with the pious (arim). Varuna, described as 'urging on' (yátan), sets things in motion or makes them pure ('r̥ñjate'). The speaker admits that humans cannot fully comprehend Varuna's power and nature ('puruṣatvátā') – the source from which Bhagah and Savitar dispense blessings and desirable things ('vāryam'). The verse highlights Varuna's cosmic role and the human limitation in understanding divine actions.
Meter: Jagati
- A. स जिह्वया चतुरनीक ऋञ्जते sá jihváyā cáturanīkaḥ r̥ñjate (12 syllables)
- B. चारु वसानो वरुणो यतन्न अरिं cā́ru vásānaḥ váruṇaḥ yátan arím (12 syllables)
- C. न तस्य विद्म पुरुषत्वता वयं ná tásya vidma puruṣatvátā vayám (12 syllables)
- D. यतो भगः सविता दाति वार्यं yátas bhágaḥ savitā́ dā́ti vā́ryam (12 syllables)
स (sá)
He
जिह्वया (jihváyā)
With the tongue
चतुरनीक (cáturanīkaḥ)
Four-faced
ऋञ्जते (r̥ñjate)
Makes pure/sets in order
चारु (cā́ru)
Beautiful/lovely
वसानो (vásānaḥ)
Clad/wearing
वरुणो (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna (a deity)
यतन्न (yátan)
Urging/striving
अरिं (arím)
Pious person/devotee
न (ná)
Not
तस्य (tásya)
Its/his
विद्म (vidma)
We know
पुरुषत्वता (puruṣatvátā)
By human effort/power
वयं (vayám)
We
यतो (yátas)
From where
भगः (bhágaḥ)
Bhaga (a deity of fortune)
सविता (savitā́)
Savitar (a solar deity)
दाति (dā́ti)
Gives
वार्यं (vā́ryam)
Desirable things/boons