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Stanza 4.52.1
प्रति॒ ष्या सू॒नरी॒ जनी॑ व्यु॒च्छन्ती॒ परि॒ स्वसुः॑ | दि॒वो अ॑दर्शि दुहि॒ता ||
práti ṣyā́ sūnárī jánī vyuchántī pári svásuḥ divó adarśi duhitā́
This radiant lady, giver of joy, shining forth like her sister, daughter of the sky, has appeared.
As dawn breaks, the radiant 'lady' (Ushas) appears, described as the daughter of the sky, shining like her sister (another aspect of dawn or the sky itself). Her arrival dispels darkness and signals the new day.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. प्रति स्या सू नारी जनी práti syā́ sūnárī jánī (8 syllables)
- B. व्युच्छन्ती परि स्वसुः vyuchántī pári svásuḥ (8 syllables)
- C. दिवः अदर्शि दुहिता diváḥ adarśi duhitā́ (8 syllables)
प्रति (práti)
towards
स्या (syā́)
this
सू नारी (sūnárī)
joy-giving
जनी (jánī)
woman, lady
व्युच्छन्ती (vyuchántī)
shining, dawning
परि (pári)
around, about
स्वसुः (svásuḥ)
from the sister
दिवः (diváḥ)
from the sky
अदर्शि (adarśi)
was seen
दुहिता (duhitā́)
daughter
Stanza 4.52.2
अश्वे॑व चि॒त्रारु॑षी मा॒ता गवा॑मृ॒ताव॑री | सखा॑भूद॒श्विनो॑रु॒षाः ||
áśveva citrā́ruṣī mātā́ gávām r̥tā́varī sákhābhūd aśvínor uṣā́ḥ
Like a colorful, bright red mare, the mother of cows, the ever-flowing Dawn became the friend of the Ashvins.
The Dawn (Ushas) is further described as the mother of cows, signifying prosperity and sustenance, and her colorful appearance is compared to a bright red mare. She becomes a friend to the twin Ashwin deities, who are associated with dawn and twilight.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अश्वा इव चित्र अरुषी áśvā iva citrā́ áruṣī (8 syllables)
- B. माता गाम ऋतावरी mātā́ gávām r̥tā́varī (8 syllables)
- C. सखा अभूत् अश्विनोः उषः sákhā abhūt aśvínoḥ uṣā́ḥ (8 syllables)
अश्वा (áśvā)
mare
इव (iva)
like
चित्र (citrā́)
colorful, brilliant
अरुषी (áruṣī)
reddish, bright
माता (mātā́)
mother
गाम (gávām)
of the cows
ऋतावरी (r̥tā́varī)
orderly, unerring
सखा (sákhā)
friend
अभूत् (abhūt)
became
अश्विनोः (aśvínoḥ)
of the Ashvins
उषः (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
Stanza 4.52.3
उ॒त सखा॑स्य॒श्विनो॑रु॒त मा॒ता गवा॑मसि | उ॒तोषो॒ वस्व॑ ईशिषे ||
utá sákhāsy aśvínor utá mātā́ gávām asi utóṣo vásva īśiṣe
You are indeed the friend of the Ashvins, and you are the mother of cows. O Dawn, you rule over wealth.
The stanza directly addresses the Dawn (Ushas), affirming her roles as a friend to the Ashvins and the mother of cows. It also highlights her dominion over wealth, indicating that she brings prosperity and abundance with her arrival.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. उत सखा असि अश्विनोः utá sákhā asi aśvínoḥ (8 syllables)
- B. उत माता गावाम असि utá mātā́ gávām asi (8 syllables)
- C. उत उषः वस्वः ईशिषे utá uṣaḥ vásvaḥ īśiṣe (8 syllables)
उत (utá)
and
सखा (sákhā)
friend
असि (asi)
you are
अश्विनोः (aśvínoḥ)
of the Ashvins
उत (utá)
and
माता (mātā́)
mother
गावाम (gávām)
of the cows
असि (asi)
you are
उत (utá)
and
उषः (uṣaḥ)
O Dawn
वस्वः (vásvaḥ)
of wealth
ईशिषे (īśiṣe)
you rule
Stanza 4.52.4
या॒व॒यद्द्वे॑षसं त्वा चिकि॒त्वित्सू॑नृतावरि | प्रति॒ स्तोमै॑रभुत्स्महि ||
yāvayáddveṣasaṁ tvā cikitvít sūnr̥tāvari práti stómair abhutsmahi
Thinking of you, who drives away hatred and negativity, O Dawn rich in truth, we have awakened with praises.
The speaker addresses the Dawn (Ushas), recognizing her as the one who drives away negativity and ill will. They express their intention to wake up and greet her with praises and hymns, signifying a conscious effort to welcome the new day and its blessings.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यावयदिद्वेवसम त्वा yāvayáddveṣasam tvā (8 syllables)
- B. चिकित्वित् सूनृतावरी cikitvít sūnr̥tāvari (8 syllables)
- C. प्रति स्तोम अभुत्स्महि práti stómaiḥ abhutsmahi (8 syllables)
यावयदिद्वेवसम (yāvayáddveṣasam)
driving away hatred/enmity
त्वा (tvā)
you
चिकित्वित् (cikitvít)
thinking, knowing
सूनृतावरी (sūnr̥tāvari)
rich in truth and joy
प्रति (práti)
towards
स्तोम (stómaiḥ)
with hymns of praise
अभुत्स्महि (abhutsmahi)
we have awakened
Stanza 4.52.5
प्रति॑ भ॒द्रा अ॑दृक्षत॒ गवां॒ सर्गा॒ न र॒श्मयः॑ | ओषा अ॑प्रा उ॒रु ज्रयः॑ ||
práti bhadrā́ adr̥kṣata gávāṁ sárgā ná raśmáyaḥ óṣā́ aprā urú jráyaḥ
We see your auspicious rays, like herds of cattle released. O Dawn, you have filled the wide expanse.
The beautiful and auspicious (bhadra) rays of the Dawn are observed, compared to herds of cattle being released. These rays are likened to light itself, spreading everywhere. The Dawn is described as having filled the vast expanse with her light.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. प्रति भद्राः अदृक्षत práti bhadrā́ḥ adr̥kṣata (8 syllables)
- B. गावाम सर्गाः न रश्मयः gávām sárgāḥ ná raśmáyaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. आ उषः अप्राः उरु ज्रयः ā́ uṣā́ḥ aprāḥ urú jráyaḥ (8 syllables)
प्रति (práti)
towards
भद्राः (bhadrā́ḥ)
auspicious, beautiful
अदृक्षत (adr̥kṣata)
were seen
गावाम (gávām)
of the cows
सर्गाः (sárgāḥ)
release, letting loose
न (ná)
like
रश्मयः (raśmáyaḥ)
rays
आ (ā́)
completely
उषः (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
अप्राः (aprāḥ)
filled
उरु (urú)
wide
ज्रयः (jráyaḥ)
expanse, space
Stanza 4.52.6
आ॒प॒प्रुषी॑ विभावरि॒ व्या॑व॒र्ज्योति॑षा॒ तमः॑ | उषो॒ अनु॑ स्व॒धाम॑व ||
āpaprúṣī vibhāvari vy āā̀var jyótiṣā támaḥ úṣo ánu svadhā́m ava
O radiant Dawn, having filled (the space), you remove the darkness with light. O Dawn, aid us according to your will/nature.
The dazzling Dawn (Ushas) is addressed. Having filled the space, she is asked to remove the darkness with her light. She is also implored to provide aid and support according to her nature and power.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. आपप्रुषी विभावरी āpaprúṣī vibhāvari (8 syllables)
- B. व्या आव ज्योतिषा तमः ví āvar jyótiṣā támaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. उषः अनु स्वधाम अव úṣaḥ ánu svadhā́m ava (8 syllables)
आपप्रुषी (āpaprúṣī)
having filled
विभावरी (vibhāvari)
O shining one
व्या (ví)
apart, away
आव (āvar)
you cover, remove
ज्योतिषा (jyótiṣā)
with light
तमः (támaḥ)
darkness
उषः (úṣaḥ)
O Dawn
अनु (ánu)
according to
स्वधाम (svadhā́m)
will, nature, power
अव (ava)
aid, protect
Stanza 4.52.7
आ द्यां त॑नोषि र॒श्मिभि॒रान्तरि॑क्षमु॒रु प्रि॒यम् | उषः॑ शु॒क्रेण॑ शो॒चिषा॑ ||
ā́ dyā́ṁ tanoṣi raśmíbhir ā́ntárikṣam urú priyám úṣaḥ śukréṇa śocíṣā
O Dawn, you extend to the sky with your rays, and to the wide, beloved atmosphere. With your pure, bright shining.
The Dawn (Ushas) is praised for her expansive reach. She stretches her rays across the heavens and fills the vast, beloved space of the atmosphere. Her brilliance, with its pure and bright light, is emphasized.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. आ द्यां तनोषि रश्मिभिः ā́ dyā́m tanoṣi raśmíbhiḥ (8 syllables)
- B. आ अन्तरिक्षम् उरु प्रियम् ā́ antárikṣam urú priyám (8 syllables)
- C. उषः शुক্রেण शोचिषा úṣaḥ śukréṇa śocíṣā (8 syllables)
आ (ā́)
to, towards
द्यां (dyā́m)
sky, heaven
तनोषि (tanoṣi)
you stretch out
रश्मिभिः (raśmíbhiḥ)
with rays
आ (ā́)
to, towards
अन्तरिक्षम् (antárikṣam)
atmosphere, intermediate space
उरु (urú)
wide
प्रियम् (priyám)
beloved
उषः (úṣaḥ)
O Dawn
शुক্রেण (śukréṇa)
with pure, bright
शोचिषा (śocíṣā)
with shining, radiance