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Stanza 4.43.1
क उ॑ श्रवत्कत॒मो य॒ज्ञिया॑नां व॒न्दारु॑ दे॒वः क॑त॒मो जु॑षाते | कस्ये॒मां दे॒वीम॒मृते॑षु॒ प्रेष्ठां॑ हृ॒दि श्रे॑षाम सुष्टु॒तिं सु॑ह॒व्याम् ||
ká u śravat katamó yajñíyānāṁ vandā́ru deváḥ katamó juṣāte kásyemā́ṁ devī́m amŕ̥teṣu préṣṭhāṁ hr̥dí śreṣāma suṣṭutíṁ suhavyā́m
Who will hear? Which of the worthy ones will be pleased? Which god will accept our homage? To whose heart shall we direct this supreme, most beloved praise and well-prepared offering among the immortals?
The stanza opens with a series of questions directed at the divine beings, asking who among them will listen, who among the worthy ones will be pleased by the offerings, and to whom the most cherished praise and offerings should be directed. The poet seeks to know which deity's heart is most receptive to their devotional efforts, aiming to please them with hymns and sacrifices.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. क उ श्रवत् कतमो यज्ञियानां káḥ u śravat katamáḥ yajñíyānām (11 syllables)
- B. वन्दारु देवः कतमो जुषाते vandā́ru deváḥ katamáḥ juṣāte (11 syllables)
- C. कस्य इमां देवीम अमृतेषु प्रेष्ठां kásya imā́m devī́m amŕ̥teṣu préṣṭhām (11 syllables)
- D. हृदि श्रेषाम सुस्तुतिं सुहव्यां hr̥dí śreṣāma suṣṭutím suhavyā́m (11 syllables)
क (káḥ)
who
उ (u)
indeed
श्रवत् (śravat)
will hear
कतमो (katamáḥ)
which one
यज्ञियानां (yajñíyānām)
of those worthy of worship
वन्दारु (vandā́ru)
praise
देवः (deváḥ)
god
कतमो (katamáḥ)
which one
जुषाते (juṣāte)
will be pleased with
कस्य (kásya)
whose
इमां (imā́m)
this
देवीम (devī́m)
goddess
अमृतेषु (amŕ̥teṣu)
among the immortals
प्रेष्ठां (préṣṭhām)
most beloved
हृदि (hr̥dí)
in the heart
श्रेषाम (śreṣāma)
shall we place
सुस्तुतिं (suṣṭutím)
good praise
सुहव्यां (suhavyā́m)
well-prepared offering
Stanza 4.43.2
को मृ॑ळाति कत॒म आग॑मिष्ठो दे॒वाना॑मु कत॒मः शम्भ॑विष्ठः | रथं॒ कमा॑हुर्द्र॒वद॑श्वमा॒शुं यं सूर्य॑स्य दुहि॒तावृ॑णीत ||
kó mr̥ḷāti katamá ā́gamiṣṭho devā́nām u katamáḥ śámbhaviṣṭhaḥ ráthaṁ kám āhur dravádaśvam āśúṁ yáṁ sū́ryasya duhitā́vr̥ṇīta
Who will be gracious? Who among the gods is the most accessible and most benevolent? What chariot do they call swift with fast horses, the one that the Daughter of the Sun chose?
The poet continues to inquire about the divine beings, asking who will be gracious, who is the most readily accessible of the gods, and who is the most beneficent. The stanza then shifts to a specific divine chariot, asking what kind of swift chariot, powered by fast horses, is referred to, and identifies it as the one chosen by the Sun's daughter.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. क मृळाति क़तमः आगमिष्ठः káḥ mr̥ḷāti katamáḥ ā́gamiṣṭhaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. देवानां उ क़तमः शम्भविष्ठः devā́nām u katamáḥ śámbhaviṣṭhaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. रथं कम् आहुः द्रवदश्वं आशुं rátham kám āhuḥ dravádaśvam āśúm (11 syllables)
- D. यं सूर्यस्य दुहिता अवृणीत yám sū́ryasya duhitā́ ávr̥ṇīta (11 syllables)
क (káḥ)
who
मृळाति (mr̥ḷāti)
will be gracious
क़तमः (katamáḥ)
which one
आगमिष्ठः (ā́gamiṣṭhaḥ)
most accessible
देवानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
उ (u)
and
क़तमः (katamáḥ)
which one
शम्भविष्ठः (śámbhaviṣṭhaḥ)
most benevolent
रथं (rátham)
chariot
कम् (kám)
what
आहुः (āhuḥ)
they call
द्रवदश्वं (dravádaśvam)
fast-horsed
आशुं (āśúm)
swift
यं (yám)
which
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of the Sun
दुहिता (duhitā́)
daughter
अवृणीत (ávr̥ṇīta)
chose
Stanza 4.43.3
म॒क्षू हि ष्मा॒ गच्छ॑थ॒ ईव॑तो॒ द्यूनिन्द्रो॒ न श॒क्तिं परि॑तक्म्यायाम् | दि॒व आजा॑ता दि॒व्या सु॑प॒र्णा कया॒ शची॑नां भवथः॒ शचि॑ष्ठा ||
makṣū́ hí ṣmā gáchatha ī́vato dyū́n índro ná śaktím páritakmyāyām divá ā́jātā divyā́ suparṇā́ káyā śácīnām bhavathaḥ śáciṣṭhā
Swiftly indeed do you come, like Indra supporting in battle. Descended from the sky, divine, strong-winged beings, by which of your great powers do you become most mighty?
The hymn addresses the divine twins (likely the Ashvins), noting their swift arrival, comparing it to Indra's ability to aid in battle. It describes them as divine beings with strong wings, descended from the sky. The poet asks by what power or skill they possess their supreme might, implying their remarkable abilities.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मक्षू हि स्म गछथः ईवतः द्यूनि makṣú + hí sma + gáchathaḥ ī́vataḥ dyū́n (11 syllables)
- B. इन्द्रो न शक्तिं परितक्म्यायाम् índraḥ ná śaktím páritakmyāyām (11 syllables)
- C. दिवः आजता दिव्या सुपर्णा diváḥ ā́jātā divyā́ suparṇā́ (11 syllables)
- D. कया शचीनां भवथः शचिष्ठा káyā śácīnām bhavathaḥ śáciṣṭhā (11 syllables)
मक्षू (makṣú +)
swiftly
हि (hí)
indeed
स्म (sma +)
particle indicating past
गछथः (gáchathaḥ)
you (dual) come
ईवतः (ī́vataḥ)
equally
द्यूनि (dyū́n)
days
इन्द्रो (índraḥ)
Indra
न (ná)
like
शक्तिं (śaktím)
power
परितक्म्यायाम् (páritakmyāyām)
in the midst of distress
दिवः (diváḥ)
from the sky
आजता (ā́jātā)
born
दिव्या (divyā́)
divine
सुपर्णा (suparṇā́)
strong-winged
कया (káyā)
by what
शचीनां (śácīnām)
of powers/skills
भवथः (bhavathaḥ)
you (dual) become
शचिष्ठा (śáciṣṭhā)
most mighty
Stanza 4.43.4
का वां॑ भू॒दुप॑मातिः॒ कया॑ न॒ आश्वि॑ना गमथो हू॒यमा॑ना | को वां॑ म॒हश्चि॒त्त्यज॑सो अ॒भीक॑ उरु॒ष्यतं॑ माध्वी दस्रा न ऊ॒ती ||
kā́ vām bhūd úpamātiḥ káyā na ā́śvinā gamatho hūyámānā kó vām maháś cit tyájaso abhī́ka uruṣyátam mādhvī dasrā na ūtī́
What is the reverence that we offer you, O Ashvins, by which you come when invoked? Which one of you confronts great danger? O sweet ones, O skilled ones, protect us with your help.
The poet addresses the divine twins (Ashvins) directly, inquiring about the nature of the reverence or prayer that should be offered to them, which causes them to come when invoked. They ask which of them confronts even great adversity and implore the compassionate and skillful twins to protect them with their aid.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. का वाम भूद उपमातिः कया नः kā́ vām bhūt úpamātiḥ káyā naḥ (11 syllables)
- B. आ अश्विना गमथः हूयमाना ā́ aśvinā gamathaḥ hūyámānā (11 syllables)
- C. कः वाम महश्चि त् यजसो अभीके káḥ vām maháḥ cit tyájasaḥ abhī́ke (11 syllables)
- D. उरुष्यतं माध्वी दस्रा नः ऊति uruṣyátam mādhvī dasrā naḥ ūtī́ (11 syllables)
का (kā́)
what
वाम (vām)
your
भूद (bhūt)
was
उपमातिः (úpamātiḥ)
reverence
कया (káyā)
by what
नः (naḥ)
us
आ (ā́)
to
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins
गमथः (gamathaḥ)
do you (dual) come
हूयमाना (hūyámānā)
when invoked
कः (káḥ)
who
वाम (vām)
your
महश्चि (maháḥ)
great
त् (cit)
even
यजसो (tyájasaḥ)
danger
अभीके (abhī́ke)
in the midst of
उरुष्यतं (uruṣyátam)
protect (you dual)
माध्वी (mādhvī)
O sweet ones
दस्रा (dasrā)
O skilled ones
नः (naḥ)
us
ऊति (ūtī́)
with aid
Stanza 4.43.5
उ॒रु वां॒ रथः॒ परि॑ नक्षति॒ द्यामा यत्स॑मु॒द्राद॒भि वर्त॑ते वाम् | मध्वा॑ माध्वी॒ मधु॑ वां प्रुषाय॒न्यत्सीं॑ वां॒ पृक्षो॑ भु॒रज॑न्त प॒क्वाः ||
urú vāṁ ráthaḥ pári nakṣati dyā́m ā́ yát samudrā́d abhí vártate vām mádhvā mādhvī mádhu vām pruṣāyan yát sīṁ vām pŕ̥kṣo bhurájanta pakvā́ḥ
Your chariot reaches the wide heaven, when it turns from the ocean. O sweet ones, may sweetness flow from you. We have prepared these delicacies for you, abundant and cooked.
This stanza describes the chariot of the divine twins reaching the heavens, emphasizing its vastness. It mentions that the chariot turns towards them from the ocean. The poet then invokes their sweetness, stating that sweet things will drop from them, and describes prepared food as pleasing delicacies meant for them.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उरु वाम रथः परि नक्षति द्यामां urú vām ráthaḥ pári nakṣati dyā́m (11 syllables)
- B. आ यत् समुद्राद अभि वर्तते वाम ā́ yát samudrā́t abhí vártate vām (11 syllables)
- C. मध्वा माध्वी मधु वाम प्रुषायन् mádhvā mādhvī mádhu vām pruṣāyan (11 syllables)
- D. यत् सीं वाम पृक्षो भुrfloorंत पक्वाः yát sīm vām pŕ̥kṣaḥ bhurájanta pakvā́ḥ (11 syllables)
उरु (urú)
wide
वाम (vām)
for you
रथः (ráthaḥ)
chariot
परि (pári)
around
नक्षति (nakṣati)
reaches
द्यामां (dyā́m)
heaven
आ (ā́)
towards
यत् (yát)
which
समुद्राद (samudrā́t)
from the ocean
अभि (abhí)
towards
वर्तते (vártate)
turns
वाम (vām)
for you
मध्वा (mádhvā)
with sweetness
माध्वी (mādhvī)
O sweet ones
मधु (mádhu)
sweetness
वाम (vām)
for you
प्रुषायन् (pruṣāyan)
may it sprinkle
यत् (yát)
which
सीं (sīm)
to them
वाम (vām)
for you
पृक्षो (pŕ̥kṣaḥ)
food
भुrfloorंत (bhurájanta)
they prepare
पक्वाः (pakvā́ḥ)
cooked
Stanza 4.43.6
सिन्धु॑र्ह वां र॒सया॑ सिञ्च॒दश्वा॑न्घृ॒णा वयो॑ऽरु॒षासः॒ परि॑ ग्मन् | तदू॒ षु वा॑मजि॒रं चे॑ति॒ यानं॒ येन॒ पती॒ भव॑थः सू॒र्यायाः॑ ||
síndhur ha vāṁ rasáyā siñcad áśvān ghr̥ṇā́ váyo 'ruṣā́saḥ pári gman tád ū ṣú vām ajiráṁ ceti yā́naṁ yéna pátī bhávathaḥ sūryā́yāḥ
May the river Sindhu water your horses with its flow. May the fiery, red birds come near. Truly, your swift movement is observed, by which you become the lords of Surya's daughter.
The stanza invokes divine aid, asking the river Sindhu to water their horses, and suggesting that fiery, red birds (perhaps symbolizing dawn or auspicious omens) have approached. It notes their swift movement, recognizing it as the means by which they become the masters of the Sun's Daughter (likely referring to Surya, the Sun, or his daughter).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सिन्धुः ह वाम रसया सिञ्चद अश्वान् síndhuḥ ha vām rasáyā siñcat áśvān (11 syllables)
- B. घृणा वयो अरूषसः परि ग्मन् ghr̥ṇā́ḥ váyaḥ aruṣā́saḥ pári gman (11 syllables)
- C. तद उ षु वाम अजिरं चेति यानं tát u + sú vām ajirám ceti yā́nam (11 syllables)
- D. येन पती भवथः सूर्यायाः yéna pátī bhávathaḥ sūryā́yāḥ (11 syllables)
सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ)
river Sindhu
ह (ha)
indeed
वाम (vām)
your
रसया (rasáyā)
with its flow
सिञ्चद (siñcat)
may it water
अश्वान् (áśvān)
horses
घृणा (ghr̥ṇā́ḥ)
fiery
वयो (váyaḥ)
birds
अरूषसः (aruṣā́saḥ)
red
परि (pári)
near
ग्मन् (gman)
may they come
तद (tát)
that
उ (u +)
particle
षु (sú)
indeed
वाम (vām)
your
अजिरं (ajirám)
swift
चेति (ceti)
is perceived
यानं (yā́nam)
movement
येन (yéna)
by which
पती (pátī)
lords
भवथः (bhávathaḥ)
you (dual) are
सूर्यायाः (sūryā́yāḥ)
of Surya's daughter
Stanza 4.43.7
इ॒हेह॒ यद्वां॑ सम॒ना प॑पृ॒क्षे सेयम॒स्मे सु॑म॒तिर्वा॑जरत्ना | उ॒रु॒ष्यतं॑ जरि॒तारं॑ यु॒वं ह॑ श्रि॒तः कामो॑ नासत्या युव॒द्रिक् ||
ihéha yád vāṁ samanā́ papr̥kṣé séyám asmé sumatír vājaratnā uruṣyátaṁ jaritā́raṁ yuváṁ ha śritáḥ kā́mo nāsatyā yuvadrík
Here and here, when I pleased you together, your favor came to us, possessors of riches. Protect the singer of praises; our desire is directed to you, O Nâsatyas, who have auspicious qualities.
The poet expresses satisfaction with the divine twins' presence and favor, stating that their good will has been obtained. They implore the twins to protect the singer of their praises, and declare that their desire is directed towards them, the divine Nâsatyas, who possess auspicious qualities.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इहेह यद्वां वां समना पप्रृक्षे ihéha yát vām samanā́ papr̥kṣé (11 syllables)
- B. सेय इयम अस्मे सुमतिर् वाजरत्ना sā́ iyám asmé sumatíḥ vājaratnā (11 syllables)
- C. उरुष्यतं जरितारं युवं ह uruṣyátam jaritā́ram yuvám ha (11 syllables)
- D. श्रितः कामः नासत्या युवद्रिक् śritáḥ kā́maḥ nāsatyā yuvadrík (11 syllables)
इहेह (ihéha)
here and here
यद्वां (yát)
when
वां (vām)
you (dual)
समना (samanā́)
together
पप्रृक्षे (papr̥kṣé)
I pleased
सेय (sā́)
that
इयम (iyám)
this
अस्मे (asmé)
to us
सुमतिर् (sumatíḥ)
good will
वाजरत्ना (vājaratnā)
possessors of riches
उरुष्यतं (uruṣyátam)
protect (you dual)
जरितारं (jaritā́ram)
the singer of praises
युवं (yuvám)
you (dual)
ह (ha)
indeed
श्रितः (śritáḥ)
established
कामः (kā́maḥ)
desire
नासत्या (nāsatyā)
O Nâsatyas
युवद्रिक् (yuvadrík)
auspicious