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Stanza 4.40.1
द॒धि॒क्राव्ण॒ इदु॒ नु च॑र्किराम॒ विश्वा॒ इन्मामु॒षसः॑ सूदयन्तु | अ॒पाम॒ग्नेरु॒षसः॒ सूर्य॑स्य॒ बृह॒स्पते॑राङ्गिर॒सस्य॑ जि॒ष्णोः ||
dadhikrā́vṇa íd u nú carkirāma víśvā ín mā́m uṣásaḥ sūdayantu apā́m agnér uṣásaḥ sū́ryasya bŕ̥haspáter āṅgirasásya jiṣṇóḥ
Let us celebrate Dadhikravan! May all the dawns urge me forward. May the waters, Agni, the dawn, Surya, and Brihaspati, the victorious son of Angiras, bring us benefit.
The stanza is a hymn of praise and invocation. It begins with a call to celebrate Dadhikravan, a divine being associated with strength and victory. The poet asks for the blessings of the dawn, symbolizing new beginnings and opportunities, to motivate and guide them. The stanza then lists various deities and cosmic forces – Waters, Fire (Agni), Dawn (Ushas), the Sun (Surya), and Brihaspati (the lord of divine speech and wisdom) – invoking their power and favor.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दधि॒क्राव्णः इ नु च चर्किराम dadhikrā́vṇaḥ ít u nú carkirāma (11 syllables)
- B. विश्वा इ मामु षसः सदयन्तु víśvāḥ ít mā́m uṣásaḥ sūdayantu (11 syllables)
- C. अपाम् अग्नेरु षसः सूर्यस्य apā́m agnéḥ uṣásaḥ sū́ryasya (11 syllables)
- D. बृहस्पतेः आङ्गिरसस्य जिष्णोः bŕ̥haspáteḥ āṅgirasásya jiṣṇóḥ (11 syllables)
दधि॒क्राव्णः (dadhikrā́vṇaḥ)
of Dadhikravan (a divine being symbolizing strength and speed)
इ (ít)
indeed, certainly
नु (u)
and, also
च (nú)
now, indeed
चर्किराम (carkirāma)
let us praise, celebrate
विश्वा (víśvāḥ)
all
इ (ít)
indeed, certainly
मामु (mā́m)
me
षसः (uṣásaḥ)
of the dawn
सदयन्तु (sūdayantu)
may they urge on, impel
अपाम् (apā́m)
of the waters
अग्नेरु (agnéḥ)
of Agni (fire)
षसः (uṣásaḥ)
of the dawn
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of Surya (the sun)
बृहस्पतेः (bŕ̥haspáteḥ)
of Brihaspati (lord of prayer)
आङ्गिरसस्य (āṅgirasásya)
son of Angiras
जिष्णोः (jiṣṇóḥ)
of the victorious one
Stanza 4.40.2
सत्वा॑ भरि॒षो ग॑वि॒षो दु॑वन्य॒सच्छ्र॑व॒स्यादि॒ष उ॒षस॑स्तुरण्य॒सत् | स॒त्यो द्र॒वो द्र॑व॒रः प॑तंग॒रो द॑धि॒क्रावेष॒मूर्जं॒ स्व॑र्जनत् ||
sátvā bhariṣó gaviṣó duvanyasác chravasyā́d iṣá uṣásas turaṇyasát satyó dravó dravaráḥ pataṁgaró dadhikrā́véṣam ū́rjaṁ svàr janat
The strong one, rich in wealth, the swift-moving one, may he hasten the food of the dawn. The true, the fleet, the lover of the course, the bird-like Dadhikravan generated food, strength, and light.
This stanza continues the praise of Dadhikravan, describing him with powerful epithets. He is depicted as a warrior ('sattva'), a seeker of wealth ('bharisha', 'gavisha'), and one who dwells with the powerful and the swift. The verse invokes his aid for obtaining sustenance and glory, especially from the dawn. Dadhikravan is further characterized as truthful ('satya'), swift ('drava', 'dravarah'), and fast like a bird ('patangarah'), capable of generating food, strength, and light.
Meter: Jagati
- A. सत्वा भरिषो गविषो दुवन्य sátvā bhariṣáḥ gaviṣáḥ duvanyasát (12 syllables)
- B. श्रवस्यादि ष उषस तुरण्यसत् śravasyā́t iṣáḥ uṣásaḥ turaṇyasát (12 syllables)
- C. सत्यो द्रवो द्रवरः पतंत्रगरः satyáḥ draváḥ dravaráḥ pataṃgaráḥ (12 syllables)
- D. दधिक्रावे षम ऊर्जं स्वर् जनत् dadhikrā́vā íṣam ū́rjam svàr janat (12 syllables)
सत्वा (sátvā)
strength, warrior
भरिषो (bhariṣáḥ)
seeker of wealth/booty
गविषो (gaviṣáḥ)
seeker of cows/wealth
दुवन्य (duvanyasát)
dweller, protector
श्रवस्यादि (śravasyā́t)
may he thrive in glory
ष (iṣáḥ)
food, sustenance
उषस (uṣásaḥ)
of the dawn
तुरण्यसत् (turaṇyasát)
swift mover
सत्यो (satyáḥ)
truthful, real
द्रवो (draváḥ)
swift
द्रवरः (dravaráḥ)
more swift
पतंत्रगरः (pataṃgaráḥ)
bird-like, swift-flying
दधिक्रावे (dadhikrā́vā)
Dadhikravan
षम (íṣam)
food
ऊर्जं (ū́rjam)
strength, vigor
स्वर् (svàr)
light, radiance
जनत् (janat)
he generated, produced
Stanza 4.40.3
उ॒त स्मा॑स्य॒ द्रव॑तस्तुरण्य॒तः प॒र्णं न वेरनु॑ वाति प्रग॒र्धिनः॑ | श्ये॒नस्ये॑व॒ ध्रज॑तो अङ्क॒सं परि॑ दधि॒क्राव्णः॑ स॒होर्जा तरि॑त्रतः ||
utá smāsya drávatas turaṇyatáḥ parṇáṁ ná vér ánu vāti pragardhínaḥ śyenásyeva dhrájato aṅkasám pári dadhikrā́vṇaḥ sahórjā́ táritrataḥ
And his swift-moving wing, like that of a falcon, drives him onward with force. Dadhikravan, with strength and speed, moves forward, filling the expanse.
This verse continues the imagery of Dadhikravan's speed and power, comparing him to a bird of prey. The 'pinion' (wing) of the swift-moving Dadhikravan is described as moving like the wing of a falcon, directing him forward with great impetus. He is also associated with 'pragardhinah', suggesting a strong, perhaps forceful, nature. The stanza concludes by stating that Dadhikravan, with vigor ('urja') and speed ('taritratah'), moves forward, filling a particular space ('ankasam').
Meter: Jagati
- A. उत स्मा स्य द्रवतः तुरण्यतः utá sma asya drávataḥ turaṇyatáḥ (12 syllables)
- B. पणं न वेः अनु वाति प्रगधिनः parṇám ná véḥ ánu vāti pragardhínaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. श्येनस्य इव ध्रजतो अङ्कसं परि śyenásya iva dhrájataḥ aṅkasám pári (12 syllables)
- D. दधिक्रावः सहा ऊर्जा तरित्रतः dadhikrā́vṇaḥ sahá ūrjā́ táritrataḥ (12 syllables)
उत (utá)
and, also
स्मा (sma)
indeed, verily
स्य (asya)
his
द्रवतः (drávataḥ)
of the swift-moving one
तुरण्यतः (turaṇyatáḥ)
of the swift-moving one
पणं (parṇám)
wing
न (ná)
like, as
वेः (véḥ)
of a bird
अनु (ánu)
along, after
वाति (vāti)
it blows, moves
प्रगधिनः (pragardhínaḥ)
greedy, covetous, forceful
श्येनस्य (śyenásya)
of a falcon
इव (iva)
like, as
ध्रजतो (dhrájataḥ)
moving forward, gliding
अङ्कसं (aṅkasám)
space, extent
परि (pári)
around, over
दधिक्रावः (dadhikrā́vṇaḥ)
of Dadhikravan
सहा (sahá)
with, along with
ऊर्जा (ūrjā́)
with strength
तरित्रतः (táritrataḥ)
with utmost speed
Stanza 4.40.4
उ॒त स्य वा॒जी क्षि॑प॒णिं तु॑रण्यति ग्री॒वायां॑ ब॒द्धो अ॑पिक॒क्ष आ॒सनि॑ | क्रतुं॑ दधि॒क्रा अनु॑ सं॒तवी॑त्वत्प॒थामङ्कां॒स्यन्वा॒पनी॑फणत् ||
utá syá vājī́ kṣipaṇíṁ turaṇyati grīvā́yām baddhó apikakṣá āsáni krátuṁ dadhikrā́ ánu saṁtávītvat pathā́m áṅkāṁsy ánv āpánīphaṇat
And that strong one quickly moves. Bound by the neck, flanks, and mouth, Dadhikravan's strength moves onward, and he springs along the paths, covering the windings.
This stanza uses vivid imagery to describe Dadhikravan's physical attributes and movement. He is called a 'vaji' (strong or swift one), whose speed ('ksipanim') is enhanced. Though bound by the neck, flanks, and mouth (perhaps referring to reins or restraints), he moves with renewed swiftness. The verse portrays him as drawing himself together, utilizing his strength ('kratum'), and springing along the winding paths, emphasizing his agility and controlled power.
Meter: Jagati
- A. उत स्य वाजी क्षिपरिं तुवरण्यति utá syá vājī́ kṣipaṇím turaṇyati (12 syllables)
- B. ग्रीवायां बद्धो अविकक्ष आसनि grīvā́yām baddháḥ apikakṣé āsáni (12 syllables)
- C. क्रतुं दधिक्राः अनु संन्तवीत्वत् krátum dadhikrā́ḥ ánu saṃtávītvat (12 syllables)
- D. पथाम् अङ्कांनि अनु आपानीफणत् pathā́m áṅkāṃsi ánu āpánīphaṇat (12 syllables)
उत (utá)
and, also
स्य (syá)
that
वाजी (vājī́)
strong one, swift one
क्षिपरिं (kṣipaṇím)
swiftness, speed
तुवरण्यति (turaṇyati)
he moves swiftly
ग्रीवायां (grīvā́yām)
by the neck
बद्धो (baddháḥ)
bound
अविकक्ष (apikakṣé)
by the flanks
आसनि (āsáni)
by the mouth
क्रतुं (krátum)
strength, power
दधिक्राः (dadhikrā́ḥ)
Dadhikravan
अनु (ánu)
along
संन्तवीत्वत् (saṃtávītvat)
gathering himself, contracting
पथाम् (pathā́m)
of the paths
अङ्कांनि (áṅkāṃsi)
windings, curves
अनु (ánu)
along
आपानीफणत् (āpánīphaṇat)
he moves swiftly, springs forward
Stanza 4.40.5
हं॒सः शु॑चि॒षद्वसु॑रन्तरिक्ष॒सद्धोता॑ वेदि॒षदति॑थिर्दुरोण॒सत् | नृ॒षद्व॑र॒सदृ॑त॒सद्व्यो॑म॒सद॒ब्जा गो॒जा ऋ॑त॒जा अ॑द्रि॒जा ऋ॒तम् ||
haṁsáḥ śuciṣád vásur antarikṣasád dhótā vediṣád átithir duroṇasát nr̥ṣád varasád r̥tasád vyomasád abjā́ gojā́ r̥tajā́ adrijā́ r̥tám
The Hamsa dwells in light, the Vasu in the atmosphere, the priest at the altar, the guest in the home. Dwelling among men, in the best place, in order, in the sky, born of water, kine, order, and mountains, it is truth.
This verse shifts focus from Dadhikravan to the omnipresent divine entity, the Hamsa (Swan/Goose), which resides in various realms. It is 'śuciṣat' (dwelling in purity/light), 'vasu' (in the atmosphere), 'antarikṣasát' (in the mid-region), 'hotā' (the sacrificer/invoker), 'vediṣat' (on the altar), 'atithi' (the guest, in the house), 'duroṇasát' (in the dwelling). It is also described as dwelling among men ('nr̥ṣát'), in the best place ('varasát'), in cosmic order ('r̥tasát'), and in the sky ('vyomasát'). Finally, it is characterized by its origin: born of water ('abjā́ḥ'), kine ('gojā́ḥ'), cosmic order ('r̥tajā́ḥ'), and mountains ('adrijā́ḥ'), ultimately representing 'r̥tam' (truth, order).
Meter: Jagati
- A. हंसः शुचिषद् वसुर् अन्तरिक्षसद् haṃsáḥ śuciṣát vásuḥ antarikṣasát (12 syllables)
- B. होता वेदिषद् अतिथ. दुरोणसद् hótā vediṣát átithiḥ duroṇasát (12 syllables)
- C. नृषद् वरसद् ऋतसद् व्योमसद nr̥ṣát varasát r̥tasát vyomasát (12 syllables)
- D. ब्जा गोजाः ऋतजाः अद्रिजाः ऋतम् abjā́ḥ gojā́ḥ r̥tajā́ḥ adrijā́ḥ r̥tám (12 syllables)
हंसः (haṃsáḥ)
Swan (a divine symbol)
शुचिषद् (śuciṣát)
dwelling in purity/light
वसुर् (vásuḥ)
dweller (in the atmosphere, wealth)
अन्तरिक्षसद् (antarikṣasát)
dwelling in the mid-region
होता (hótā)
priest, invoker
वेदिषद् (vediṣát)
dwelling on the altar
अतिथ. (átithiḥ)
guest
दुरोणसद् (duroṇasát)
dwelling in the house/home
नृषद् (nr̥ṣát)
dwelling among men
वरसद् (varasát)
dwelling in the best place
ऋतसद् (r̥tasát)
dwelling in cosmic order
व्योमसद (vyomasát)
dwelling in the sky
ब्जा (abjā́ḥ)
born of water
गोजाः (gojā́ḥ)
born of kine/earth
ऋतजाः (r̥tajā́ḥ)
born of cosmic order
अद्रिजाः (adrijā́ḥ)
born of mountains
ऋतम् (r̥tám)
truth, cosmic order