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Stanza 4.38.1
उ॒तो हि वां॑ दा॒त्रा सन्ति॒ पूर्वा॒ या पू॒रुभ्य॑स्त्र॒सद॑स्युर्नितो॒शे | क्षे॒त्रा॒सां द॑दथुरुर्वरा॒सां घ॒नं दस्यु॑भ्यो अ॒भिभू॑तिमु॒ग्रम् ||
utó hí vāṁ dātrā́ sánti pū́rvā yā́ pūrúbhyas trasádasyur nitośé kṣetrāsā́ṁ dadathur urvarāsā́ṁ ghanáṁ dásyubhyo abhíbhūtim ugrám
Indeed, you have many gifts from the past, which Trasadasyu, appointed by you, gave to the Pūrus. You granted the best of fields and fertile lands, and a powerful force that overwhelmed the Dasyus.
This verse addresses the divine twins, Aśvins, acknowledging their past generosity. It highlights their role in bestowing gifts and power, specifically mentioning how they enabled Trasadasyu, a significant figure, to grant favor to the Pūrus. The verse emphasizes the Aśvins' ability to provide resources and victory, enabling their recipients to overcome enemies and secure prosperity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उतो उ हि वां दात्रा सन्ति पूर्वा utá u hí vām dātrā́ sánti pū́rvā (11 syllables)
- B. या पूरुभ्यः त्रसदस्युः नितोशे yā́ pūrúbhyaḥ trasádasyuḥ nitośé (11 syllables)
- C. क्षेत्रासां ददथुः उर्वरासां kṣetrāsā́m dadathuḥ urvarāsā́m (11 syllables)
- D. घनं दस्युभ्यः अभिभूतिं उग्रं ghanám dásyubhyaḥ abhíbhūtim ugrám (11 syllables)
उतो (utá)
and
उ (u)
and
हि (hí)
indeed
वां (vām)
your
दात्रा (dātrā́)
gifts
सन्ति (sánti)
are
पूर्वा (pū́rvā)
former
या (yā́)
which
पूरुभ्यः (pūrúbhyaḥ)
to the Pūrus
त्रसदस्युः (trasádasyuḥ)
Trasadasyu
नितोशे (nitośé)
appointed
क्षेत्रासां (kṣetrāsā́m)
of lands
ददथुः (dadathuḥ)
you gave
उर्वरासां (urvarāsā́m)
of fertile lands
घनं (ghanám)
powerful
दस्युभ्यः (dásyubhyaḥ)
to the Dasyus
अभिभूतिं (abhíbhūtim)
overwhelming
उग्रं (ugrám)
strong
Stanza 4.38.2
उ॒त वा॒जिनं॑ पुरुनि॒ष्षिध्वा॑नं दधि॒क्रामु॑ ददथुर्वि॒श्वकृ॑ष्टिम् | ऋ॒जि॒प्यं श्ये॒नं प्रु॑षि॒तप्सु॑मा॒शुं च॒र्कृत्य॑म॒र्यो नृ॒पतिं॒ न शूर॑म् ||
utá vājínam puruniṣṣídhvānaṁ dadhikrā́m u dadathur viśvákr̥ṣṭim r̥jipyáṁ śyenám pruṣitápsum āśúṁ carkŕ̥tyam aryó nr̥pátiṁ ná śū́ram
And you gave Dadhikra, the mighty one, the bestower of many gifts, the one who moves among all creatures. You gave the swift, hawk-like one, who spreads far, the leader of the people, like a great king.
This verse continues to praise the divine twins, Aśvins, for their gifts, specifically mentioning the powerful deity Dadhikra. Dadhikra is described as a source of strength and abundance, who nourishes all beings and is swift and formidable like a hawk. The verse compares him to a revered king, emphasizing his leadership and the respect he commands among people.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उत पुरुनिष्षिध्मानं utá vājínam puruniṣṣídhvānam (11 syllables)
- B. दधिक्रामु उ ददथुः dadhikrā́m u dadathuḥ viśvákr̥ṣṭim (11 syllables)
- C. ऋजिप्यं श्येनं प्रुषितप्सुं आशुं r̥jipyám śyenám pruṣitápsum āśúm (11 syllables)
- D. चर्कृत्यं अर्यो नृपतिं न शूरं carkŕ̥tyam aryáḥ nr̥pátim ná śū́ram (11 syllables)
उत (utá)
and
(vājínam)
पुरुनिष्षिध्मानं (puruniṣṣídhvānam)
bestower of many gifts
दधिक्रामु (dadhikrā́m)
Dadhikra
उ (u)
and
ददथुः (dadathuḥ)
you gave
(viśvákr̥ṣṭim)
ऋजिप्यं (r̥jipyám)
swift
श्येनं (śyenám)
like a hawk
प्रुषितप्सुं (pruṣitápsum)
who spreads far
आशुं (āśúm)
swift
चर्कृत्यं (carkŕ̥tyam)
who moves
अर्यो (aryáḥ)
of the people
नृपतिं (nr̥pátim)
leader
न (ná)
like
शूरं (śū́ram)
great
Stanza 4.38.3
यं सी॒मनु॑ प्र॒वते॑व॒ द्रव॑न्तं॒ विश्वः॑ पू॒रुर्मद॑ति॒ हर्ष॑माणः | प॒ड्भिर्गृध्य॑न्तं मेध॒युं न शूरं॑ रथ॒तुरं॒ वात॑मिव॒ ध्रज॑न्तम् ||
yáṁ sīm ánu praváteva drávantaṁ víśvaḥ pūrúr mádati hárṣamāṇaḥ paḍbhír gŕ̥dhyantam medhayúṁ ná śū́raṁ rathatúraṁ vā́tam iva dhrájantam
Whom, as if rushing down a steep incline, everyone rejoices seeing him move. He, eager for battle, moves like a hero, rapidly advancing like the wind.
This verse describes a powerful entity, likely Dadhikra, moving with great speed and energy. It is compared to something rushing down a steep slope, captivating the attention and joy of all people. The entity is further depicted as eager for battle, moving like a hero, and rapidly advancing like the wind, creating a dynamic and awe-inspiring image.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यं सीम अनु प्रवता इव द्रवन्तं yám sīm ánu pravátā iva drávantam (11 syllables)
- B. विश्वः पूरुः मदति हर्षमाणः víśvaḥ pūrúḥ mádati hárṣamāṇaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. पड्भिः गृध्यन्तं मेधयुं न शूरं paḍbhíḥ gŕ̥dhyantam medhayúm ná śū́ram (11 syllables)
- D. रथतुरं वातं इव ध्रजन्तं rathatúram vā́tam iva dhrájantam (11 syllables)
यं (yám)
whom
सीम (sīm)
him
अनु (ánu)
following
प्रवता (pravátā)
down a steep incline
इव (iva)
like
द्रवन्तं (drávantam)
rushing
विश्वः (víśvaḥ)
everyone
पूरुः (pūrúḥ)
Pūru (people)
मदति (mádati)
rejoices
हर्षमाणः (hárṣamāṇaḥ)
rejoicing
पड्भिः (paḍbhíḥ)
with feet
गृध्यन्तं (gŕ̥dhyantam)
eager
मेधयुं (medhayúm)
battle-ready
न (ná)
like
शूरं (śū́ram)
hero
रथतुरं (rathatúram)
swift chariot
वातं (vā́tam)
wind
इव (iva)
like
ध्रजन्तं (dhrájantam)
advancing
Stanza 4.38.4
यः स्मा॑रुन्धा॒नो गध्या॑ स॒मत्सु॒ सनु॑तर॒श्चर॑ति॒ गोषु॒ गच्छ॑न् | आ॒विर्ऋ॑जीको वि॒दथा॑ नि॒चिक्य॑त्ति॒रो अ॑र॒तिं पर्याप॑ आ॒योः ||
yáḥ smārundhānó gádhyā samátsu sánutaraś cárati góṣu gáchan āvírr̥jīko vidáthā nicíkyat tiró aratím páry ā́pa āyóḥ
He, who, gaining precious things in battles, moves ever onward among the cattle. Clearly seen, he understands wisely, going beyond the outsider, to the divine.
This verse praises Dadhikra for his prowess in battles and his ability to acquire wealth. He is described as moving with increasing success among the cattle, appearing clearly visible. His actions are perceived as insightful and purposeful, suggesting he transcends ordinary limitations and understands deeper truths, moving beyond the ignorant or uncivilized.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः स्मा आरुन्ध fiind गध्या समत्सु yáḥ sma ārundhānáḥ gádhyā samátsu (11 syllables)
- B. सनुतरः चरति गोषु गच्छन् sánutaraḥ cárati góṣu gáchan (11 syllables)
- C. आविर्ऋजीकः विदथा निचिक्यत् āvírr̥jīkaḥ vidáthā nicíkyat (11 syllables)
- D. तिरो अरतिं परि आपः आयोः tirás aratím pári ā́paḥ āyóḥ (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
who
स्मा (sma)
indeed
आरुन्ध fiind (ārundhānáḥ)
gaining
गध्या (gádhyā)
precious things
समत्सु (samátsu)
in battles
सनुतरः (sánutaraḥ)
ever onward
चरति (cárati)
moves
गोषु (góṣu)
among the cattle
गच्छन् (gáchan)
going
आविर्ऋजीकः (āvírr̥jīkaḥ)
clearly seen
विदथा (vidáthā)
wisely
निचिक्यत् (nicíkyat)
understands
तिरो (tirás)
beyond
अरतिं (aratím)
outsider
परि (pári)
around
आपः (ā́paḥ)
divine
आयोः (āyóḥ)
of life
Stanza 4.38.5
उ॒त स्मै॑नं वस्त्र॒मथिं॒ न ता॒युमनु॑ क्रोशन्ति क्षि॒तयो॒ भरे॑षु | नी॒चाय॑मानं॒ जसु॑रिं॒ न श्ये॒नं श्रव॒श्चाच्छा॑ पशु॒मच्च॑ यू॒थम् ||
utá smainaṁ vastramáthiṁ ná tāyúm ánu krośanti kṣitáyo bháreṣu nīcā́yamānaṁ jásuriṁ ná śyenáṁ śrávaś cā́chā paśumác ca yūthám
Indeed, the people call out to him in battles, like a thief stealing clothes. Descending swiftly like a falcon, he pursues glory and cattle.
This verse describes how people acclaim Dadhikra, comparing his swiftness and impact to a thief stealing clothes. His rapid movement and pursuit of glory or resources (like cattle) are highlighted. He is depicted as being like a falcon, eagerly descending upon its prey, emphasizing his speed, focus, and effectiveness in achieving his goals.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उत स्मै एनं वस्त्रमथिं न तायुं utá sma enam vastramáthim ná tāyúm (11 syllables)
- B. अनु क्रोशन्ति क्षितयः भरेषु ánu krośanti kṣitáyaḥ bháreṣu (11 syllables)
- C. नीचाय अमानं जसुरिं न श्येनं nīcā́ áyamānam jásurim ná śyenám (11 syllables)
- D. श्रवश्चाच्छा च पशुमत् च यूथं śrávaḥ ca ácha + paśumát ca yūthám (11 syllables)
उत (utá)
and
स्मै (sma)
indeed
एनं (enam)
him
वस्त्रमथिं (vastramáthim)
stealing clothes
न (ná)
like
तायुं (tāyúm)
thief
अनु (ánu)
after
क्रोशन्ति (krośanti)
call out
क्षितयः (kṣitáyaḥ)
people
भरेषु (bháreṣu)
in battles
नीचाय (nīcā́)
swiftly
अमानं (áyamānam)
descending
जसुरिं (jásurim)
eagerly
न (ná)
like
श्येनं (śyenám)
falcon
श्रवश्चाच्छा (śrávaḥ)
glory
च (ca)
and
(ácha +)
पशुमत् (paśumát)
cattle
च (ca)
and
यूथं (yūthám)
herd
Stanza 4.38.6
उ॒त स्मा॑सु प्रथ॒मः स॑रि॒ष्यन्नि वे॑वेति॒ श्रेणि॑भी॒ रथा॑नाम् | स्रजं॑ कृण्वा॒नो जन्यो॒ न शुभ्वा॑ रे॒णुं रेरि॑हत्कि॒रणं॑ दद॒श्वान् ||
utá smāsu prathamáḥ sariṣyán ní veveti śréṇibhī ráthānām srájaṁ kr̥ṇvānó jányo ná śúbhvā reṇúṁ rérihat kiráṇaṁ dadaśvā́n
And he, appearing first in the ranks of chariots, moves in various directions. Making himself a garland, festive like a bridegroom, he stirs the dust, eagerly tasting the rein.
This verse describes Dadhikra as the first to emerge in battles, moving dynamically among chariot formations. He is portrayed as adorning himself, much like a festive groom, creating a spectacle. He stirs up dust with his movement, and actively engages, like a spirited horse controlled by reins, highlighting his energetic and visually striking presence in conflict.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उत स्मा आसु प्रथमः सरिष्यन् utá sma āsu prathamáḥ sariṣyán (11 syllables)
- B. नि वेवेति श्रेणिभी रथानां ní veveti śréṇibhiḥ ráthānām (11 syllables)
- C. स्रजं कृण्मानो जन्यो न शुभ्वा srájam kr̥ṇvānáḥ jányaḥ ná śúbhvā (11 syllables)
- D. रेणुं रेरिहत् किरणं ददश्वान् reṇúm rérihat kiráṇam dadaśvā́n (11 syllables)
उत (utá)
and
स्मा (sma)
indeed
आसु (āsu)
in these
प्रथमः (prathamáḥ)
first
सरिष्यन् (sariṣyán)
moving
नि (ní)
down
वेवेति (veveti)
moves
श्रेणिभी (śréṇibhiḥ)
with ranks
रथानां (ráthānām)
of chariots
स्रजं (srájam)
garland
कृण्मानो (kr̥ṇvānáḥ)
making
जन्यो (jányaḥ)
festive
न (ná)
like
शुभ्वा (śúbhvā)
bridegroom
रेणुं (reṇúm)
dust
रेरिहत् (rérihat)
tasting
किरणं (kiráṇam)
rein
ददश्वान् (dadaśvā́n)
eagerly
Stanza 4.38.7
उ॒त स्य वा॒जी सहु॑रिर्ऋ॒तावा॒ शुश्रू॑षमाणस्त॒न्वा॑ सम॒र्ये | तुरं॑ य॒तीषु॑ तु॒रय॑न्नृजि॒प्योऽधि॑ भ्रु॒वोः कि॑रते रे॒णुमृ॒ञ्जन् ||
utá syá vājī́ sáhurir r̥tā́vā śúśrūṣamāṇas tanvāā̀ samaryé túraṁ yatī́ṣu turáyann r̥jipyó 'dhi bhruvóḥ kirate reṇúm r̥ñján
And that strong, victorious, and faithful steed, obedient with his body in the combat, moves swiftly. Swiftly moving, he casts dust over his brows.
This verse describes Dadhikra, the powerful and faithful steed, as obedient and ready for combat. He moves swiftly and directly through the fray. The verse uses vivid imagery, stating that he throws dust over his brow like a swift-moving object, highlighting his intense energy and the dust kicked up by his rapid movement during battle.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उत स्य वाजी सहुरिः ऋतावा utá syá vājī́ sáhuriḥ r̥tā́vā (11 syllables)
- B. शुश्रूषमाणस्त न्वा समर्ये śúśrūṣamāṇaḥ tanvā̀ samaryé (11 syllables)
- C. तुरं यतीषु तुरयन्नृजिप्यो ऋजिप्यः túram yatī́ṣu turáyan r̥jipyáḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अधि भ्रुवोः किरते रेणुमृञ्जन् ऋञ्जन् ádhi bhruvóḥ kirate reṇúm r̥ñján (11 syllables)
उत (utá)
and
स्य (syá)
that
वाजी (vājī́)
steed
सहुरिः (sáhuriḥ)
strong
ऋतावा (r̥tā́vā)
victorious
शुश्रूषमाणस्त (śúśrūṣamāṇaḥ)
obedient
न्वा (tanvā̀)
with his body
समर्ये (samaryé)
in the combat
तुरं (túram)
swiftly
यतीषु (yatī́ṣu)
moving
तुरयन्नृजिप्यो (turáyan)
swiftly moving
ऋजिप्यः (r̥jipyáḥ)
swift
अधि (ádhi)
over
भ्रुवोः (bhruvóḥ)
brows
किरते (kirate)
casts
रेणुमृञ्जन् (reṇúm)
dust
ऋञ्जन् (r̥ñján)
shining
Stanza 4.38.8
उ॒त स्मा॑स्य तन्य॒तोरि॑व॒ द्योर्ऋ॑घाय॒तो अ॑भि॒युजो॑ भयन्ते | य॒दा स॒हस्र॑म॒भि षी॒मयो॑धीद्दु॒र्वर्तुः॑ स्मा भवति भी॒म ऋ॒ञ्जन् ||
utá smāsya tanyatór iva dyór r̥ghāyató abhiyújo bhayante yadā́ sahásram abhí ṣīm áyodhīd durvártuḥ smā bhavati bhīmá r̥ñján
And at his thunder, like the sky, those who attack fear him. When he fought thousands, he became terrible and difficult to hold back.
This verse describes the fearsome power of Dadhikra, comparing his roar to the sound of thunder or the sky. Enemies are filled with dread and tremble when facing him. When he engages in battle against thousands, he becomes terrifying and unstoppable, instilling fear in all who oppose him.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उत स्मा अस्य तन्यतोरि इव द्योः utá sma asya tanyatóḥ iva dyóḥ (11 syllables)
- B. ऋघायतः अभियुजो भयन्ते r̥ghāyatáḥ abhiyújaḥ bhayante (11 syllables)
- C. यदा सहस्रं अभि सीम अयोधीद् yadā́ sahásram abhí sīm áyodhīt (11 syllables)
- D. दुर्वर्तुः भवति भीम ऋञ्जन् durvártuḥ sma + bhavati bhīmáḥ r̥ñján (11 syllables)
उत (utá)
and
स्मा (sma)
indeed
अस्य (asya)
his
तन्यतोरि (tanyatóḥ)
thunder
इव (iva)
like
द्योः (dyóḥ)
sky
ऋघायतः (r̥ghāyatáḥ)
roaring
अभियुजो (abhiyújaḥ)
those who attack
भयन्ते (bhayante)
fear
यदा (yadā́)
when
सहस्रं (sahásram)
thousands
अभि (abhí)
against
सीम (sīm)
him
अयोधीद् (áyodhīt)
fought
दुर्वर्तुः (durvártuḥ)
difficult to hold back
(sma +)
भवति (bhavati)
becomes
भीम (bhīmáḥ)
terrible
ऋञ्जन् (r̥ñján)
shining
Stanza 4.38.9
उ॒त स्मा॑स्य पनयन्ति॒ जना॑ जू॒तिं कृ॑ष्टि॒प्रो अ॒भिभू॑तिमा॒शोः | उ॒तैन॑माहुः समि॒थे वि॒यन्तः॒ परा॑ दधि॒क्रा अ॑सरत्स॒हस्रैः॑ ||
utá smāsya panayanti jánā jūtíṁ kr̥ṣṭipró abhíbhūtim āśóḥ utaínam āhuḥ samithé viyántaḥ párā dadhikrā́ asarat sahásraiḥ
Indeed, people praise his swiftness and overwhelming power, which brings abundance. And they say when drawing back from the battle, Dadhikra moved forward with his thousands.
This verse states that people praise Dadhikra's swiftness and his ability to grant abundance. They also acknowledge his overwhelming power. When retreating from battle, people speak of Dadhikra's advance with his forces, emphasizing his relentless forward momentum and leadership.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उत स्मा अस्य प tánayant जना utá sma asya panayanti jánāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. जूतिं कृष्टिप्रो अभिभूतिं आशोः jūtím kr̥ṣṭipráḥ abhíbhūtim āśóḥ (11 syllables)
- C. उत एनं आहुः समित् वियन्तः utá enam āhuḥ samithé viyántaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. परा दधिक्राः असरत् सहस्रैः párā dadhikrā́ḥ asarat sahásraiḥ (11 syllables)
उत (utá)
and
स्मा (sma)
indeed
अस्य (asya)
his
प tánayant (panayanti)
praise
जना (jánāḥ)
people
जूतिं (jūtím)
abundance
कृष्टिप्रो (kr̥ṣṭipráḥ)
among people
अभिभूतिं (abhíbhūtim)
overwhelming power
आशोः (āśóḥ)
of swiftness
उत (utá)
and
एनं (enam)
him
आहुः (āhuḥ)
they say
समित् (samithé)
in the battle
वियन्तः (viyántaḥ)
drawing back
परा (párā)
away
दधिक्राः (dadhikrā́ḥ)
Dadhikra
असरत् (asarat)
moved forward
सहस्रैः (sahásraiḥ)
with thousands
Stanza 4.38.10
आ द॑धि॒क्राः शव॑सा॒ पञ्च॑ कृ॒ष्टीः सूर्य॑ इव॒ ज्योति॑षा॒पस्त॑तान | स॒ह॒स्र॒साः श॑त॒सा वा॒ज्यर्वा॑ पृ॒णक्तु॒ मध्वा॒ समि॒मा वचां॑सि ||
ā́ dadhikrā́ḥ śávasā páñca kr̥ṣṭī́ḥ sū́rya iva jyótiṣāpás tatāna sahasrasā́ḥ śatasā́ vājy árvā pr̥ṇáktu mádhvā sám imā́ vácāṁsi
May Dadhikra, with his might, spread over the five peoples, like the sun over the waters. May the strong steed, winner of thousands and hundreds, fill these words with sweetness.
This concluding verse invokes Dadhikra, asking him to spread his power over the five peoples, just as the sun illuminates the waters. It expresses a desire for Dadhikra, the powerful winner of wealth, to bless the speaker's words with sweetness and favor. This is a plea for divine intervention and a positive reception of the hymn itself.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ दधिक्राः शवसा पञ्च कृष्टीः ā́ dadhikrā́ḥ śávasā páñca kr̥ṣṭī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. सूर्य इव ज्योतिषा अपस्त तान sū́ryaḥ iva jyótiṣā apáḥ tatāna (11 syllables)
- C. सहस्रसाः शतसाः वाज्यर्वा अर्वा sahasrasā́ḥ śatasā́ḥ vājī́ árvā (11 syllables)
- D. पृणक्तु मध्वा समि इमा वचांसि pr̥ṇáktu mádhvā sám imā́ vácāṃsi (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
indeed
दधिक्राः (dadhikrā́ḥ)
Dadhikra
शवसा (śávasā)
with might
पञ्च (páñca)
five
कृष्टीः (kr̥ṣṭī́ḥ)
peoples
सूर्य (sū́ryaḥ)
sun
इव (iva)
like
ज्योतिषा (jyótiṣā)
with light
अपस्त (apáḥ)
waters
तान (tatāna)
spread
सहस्रसाः (sahasrasā́ḥ)
winner of thousands
शतसाः (śatasā́ḥ)
winner of hundreds
वाज्यर्वा (vājī́)
strong steed
अर्वा (árvā)
steed
पृणक्तु (pr̥ṇáktu)
may fill
मध्वा (mádhvā)
with sweetness
समि (sám)
together
इमा (imā́)
these
वचांसि (vácāṃsi)
words