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Stanza 4.2.1
यो मर्त्ये॑ष्व॒मृत॑ ऋ॒तावा॑ दे॒वो दे॒वेष्व॑र॒तिर्नि॒धायि॑ | होता॒ यजि॑ष्ठो म॒ह्ना शु॒चध्यै॑ ह॒व्यैर॒ग्निर्मनु॑ष ईर॒यध्यै॑ ||
yó mártyeṣv amŕ̥ta r̥tā́vā devó devéṣv aratír nidhā́yi hótā yájiṣṭho mahnā́ śucádhyai havyaír agnír mánuṣa īrayádhyai
He who is immortal among mortals, the righteous one, a god among gods, and who is appointed as the messenger and the most excellent priest, should shine with great glory. Agni, through the offerings of mankind, should be invoked.
This verse describes Agni as an immortal being among mortals and a divine being among gods, appointed as a priest and messenger. He is praised for his magnificent worship and his role in being invoked by human offerings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः मर्त्येषु अमृतः ऋतावा yáḥ mártyeṣu amŕ̥taḥ r̥tā́vā (11 syllables)
- B. देवः देवेषु अरतिः निधायि deváḥ devéṣu aratíḥ nidhā́yi (11 syllables)
- C. होता यजिष्ठः मह्ना शुचध्यै hótā yájiṣṭhaḥ mahnā́ śucádhyai (11 syllables)
- D. हव्यैः अग्निः मनुषः ईरयध्यै havyaíḥ agníḥ mánuṣaḥ īrayádhyai (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
He who
मर्त्येषु (mártyeṣu)
among mortals
अमृतः (amŕ̥taḥ)
immortal
ऋतावा (r̥tā́vā)
righteous, upholder of cosmic order
देवः (deváḥ)
god
देवेषु (devéṣu)
among gods
अरतिः (aratíḥ)
envoy, messenger
निधायि (nidhā́yi)
is appointed, established
होता (hótā)
priest, officiant
यजिष्ठः (yájiṣṭhaḥ)
most excellent at worship
मह्ना (mahnā́)
with greatness, glory
शुचध्यै (śucádhyai)
to shine forth
हव्यैः (havyaíḥ)
with oblations
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (the fire god)
मनुषः (mánuṣaḥ)
of man, human
ईरयध्यै (īrayádhyai)
to be invoked, to be stirred up
Stanza 4.2.2
इ॒ह त्वं सू॑नो सहसो नो अ॒द्य जा॒तो जा॒ताँ उ॒भयाँ॑ अ॒न्तर॑ग्ने | दू॒त ई॑यसे युयुजा॒न ऋ॑ष्व ऋजुमु॒ष्कान्वृष॑णः शु॒क्राँश्च॑ ||
ihá tváṁ sūno sahaso no adyá jātó jātā́m̐ ubháyām̐ antár agne dūtá īyase yuyujāná r̥ṣva r̥jumuṣkā́n vŕ̥ṣaṇaḥ śukrā́ṁś ca
Here, O Agni, son of strength, you travel for us today as a divine messenger, born between the two races (of mortals and gods). Having harnessed your mighty, brilliant steeds, O lofty one!
The verse addresses Agni, the son of strength, as a divine messenger present among both humans and gods. It emphasizes his birth and his ability to harness his powerful, radiant steeds to travel between realms.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इह त्वं सूनो सहसः नः अद्य ihá tvám sūno sahasaḥ naḥ adyá (11 syllables)
- B. जातः जाताँ उभयाँ अन्तर अग्ने jātáḥ jātā́n ubháyān antár agne (11 syllables)
- C. दूतः ईयसे युयुजानः ऋष्व dūtáḥ īyase yuyujānáḥ r̥ṣva (11 syllables)
- D. ऋजुमुष्कान् वृषणः शुक्रान् च r̥jumuṣkā́n vŕ̥ṣaṇaḥ śukrā́n ca (11 syllables)
इह (ihá)
here
त्वं (tvám)
you
सूनो (sūno)
O son
सहसः (sahasaḥ)
of strength
नः (naḥ)
for us
अद्य (adyá)
today
जातः (jātáḥ)
born
जाताँ (jātā́n)
born ones
उभयाँ (ubháyān)
both
अन्तर (antár)
between, among
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
दूतः (dūtáḥ)
messenger
ईयसे (īyase)
you travel, you move
युयुजानः (yuyujānáḥ)
having harnessed
ऋष्व (r̥ṣva)
O lofty one
ऋजुमुष्कान् (r̥jumuṣkā́n)
strong-muscled
वृषणः (vŕ̥ṣaṇaḥ)
powerful, strong
शुक्रान् (śukrā́n)
radiant, bright
च (ca)
and
Stanza 4.2.3
अत्या॑ वृध॒स्नू रोहि॑ता घृ॒तस्नू॑ ऋ॒तस्य॑ मन्ये॒ मन॑सा॒ जवि॑ष्ठा | अ॒न्तरी॑यसे अरु॒षा यु॑जा॒नो यु॒ष्माँश्च॑ दे॒वान्विश॒ आ च॒ मर्ता॑न् ||
átyā vr̥dhasnū́ róhitā ghr̥tásnū r̥tásya manye mánasā jáviṣṭhā antár īyase aruṣā́ yujānó yuṣmā́ṁś ca devā́n víśa ā́ ca mártān
Harnessing the two swift, ruddy steeds that are like ghee-dripping streams, the steeds of cosmic order, I think, (these steeds) are most swift with their minds. You move between us, the gods, and the mortals, O you who have yoked the brilliant ones.
The verse describes Agni harnessing his swift, ruddy steeds, which are described as dripping with ghee (offering). Agni is invoked to move between the divine and mortal realms, with the speaker's thought guiding him.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अत्या वृधस्नू रोहिता घृतस्नू átyā vr̥dhasnū́ róhitā ghr̥tásnū (11 syllables)
- B. ऋतस्य मन्ये मनसा जविष्ठा r̥tásya manye mánasā jáviṣṭhā (11 syllables)
- C. अन्तर ईयसे अरुषा युजानः antár īyase aruṣā́ yujānáḥ (11 syllables)
- D. युष्माँ च देवान् विशः आ च मर्तान yuṣmā́n ca devā́n víśaḥ ā́ ca mártān (11 syllables)
अत्या (átyā)
steeds
वृधस्नू (vr̥dhasnū́)
greatly increasing, powerful
रोहिता (róhitā)
ruddy, red
घृतस्नू (ghr̥tásnū)
ghee-streaming
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order
मन्ये (manye)
I think, I consider
मनसा (mánasā)
with the mind
जविष्ठा (jáviṣṭhā)
swiftest
अन्तर (antár)
between, within
ईयसे (īyase)
you move, you travel
अरुषा (aruṣā́)
ruddy, red
युजानः (yujānáḥ)
yoking, harnessing
युष्माँ (yuṣmā́n)
you (plural)
च (ca)
and
देवान् (devā́n)
gods
विशः (víśaḥ)
people, tribes
आ (ā́)
towards, to
च (ca)
and
मर्तान (mártān)
mortals
Stanza 4.2.4
अ॒र्य॒मणं॒ वरु॑णं मि॒त्रमे॑षा॒मिन्द्रा॒विष्णू॑ म॒रुतो॑ अ॒श्विनो॒त | स्वश्वो॑ अग्ने सु॒रथः॑ सु॒राधा॒ एदु॑ वह सुह॒विषे॒ जना॑य ||
aryamáṇaṁ váruṇam mitrám eṣām índrāvíṣṇū marúto aśvínotá sváśvo agne suráthaḥ surā́dhā éd u vaha suhavíṣe jánāya
O Agni, with your excellent chariot and good steeds, and abundant provisions, bring hither Aryaman, Varuna, Mitra, Indra and Vishnu, the Maruts and the Ashvins, from among them, to the one who makes good offerings.
This verse invokes Agni to bring forth the prominent deities – Aryaman, Varuna, Mitra, Indra, Vishnu, Maruts, and Ashvins – to a worshipper who offers him a good chariot, good steeds, and abundant offerings. Agni is also described as having good provision.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अर्यमणं वरुणं मित्रं एषाम् aryamáṇam váruṇam mitrám eṣām (11 syllables)
- B. इन्द्राविष्णू मरुतः अश्विना उत índrāvíṣṇū marútaḥ aśvínā utá (11 syllables)
- C. सुअश्वः अग्ने सुरथः सुराधाः sváśvaḥ agne suráthaḥ surā́dhāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. आ इत् उ वह सुहविशे जनाय ā́ ít u vaha suhavíṣe jánāya (11 syllables)
अर्यमणं (aryamáṇam)
Aryaman (a solar deity)
वरुणं (váruṇam)
Varuna (a sky god)
मित्रं (mitrám)
Mitra (a sun deity)
एषाम् (eṣām)
of these (gods)
इन्द्राविष्णू (índrāvíṣṇū)
Indra and Vishnu (dual)
मरुतः (marútaḥ)
Maruts (storm gods)
अश्विना (aśvínā)
Ashvins (divine twins)
उत (utá)
and
सुअश्वः (sváśvaḥ)
with good steeds
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
सुरथः (suráthaḥ)
with a good chariot
सुराधाः (surā́dhāḥ)
with abundant provisions
आ (ā́)
hither, towards
इत् (ít)
indeed
उ (u)
and
वह (vaha)
bring
सुहविशे (suhavíṣe)
to the one who makes good oblations
जनाय (jánāya)
to the person
Stanza 4.2.5
गोमाँ॑ अ॒ग्नेऽवि॑माँ अ॒श्वी य॒ज्ञो नृ॒वत्स॑खा॒ सद॒मिद॑प्रमृ॒ष्यः | इळा॑वाँ ए॒षो अ॑सुर प्र॒जावा॑न्दी॒र्घो र॒यिः पृ॑थुबु॒ध्नः स॒भावा॑न् ||
gómām̐ agné 'vimām̐ aśvī́ yajñó nr̥vátsakhā sádam íd apramr̥ṣyáḥ íḷāvām̐ eṣó asura prajā́vān dīrghó rayíḥ pr̥thubudhnáḥ sabhā́vān
O Agni, this sacrifice is rich in cows, sheep, and horses, and in manly friends; it is never to be despised. It is rich in nourishment, O wonderful lord, rich in offspring; it is long-lasting wealth, with broad foundations and assemblies.
This verse describes the sacrifice and Agni as being rich in cattle, sheep, horses, and strong companions. It highlights the sacrifice as enduring, never to be disregarded, and possessing abundant nourishment, offspring, wealth, and assemblies.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. गोमान् अग्ने अविमान अश्वी यज्ञः gómān agne ávimān aśvī́ yajñáḥ (11 syllables)
- B. नृवत्सखा सदम् इत् अप्रमृष्यः nr̥vátsakhā sádam ít apramr̥ṣyáḥ (11 syllables)
- C. इळावान् एषः असुर प्रजावान् íḷāvān eṣáḥ asura prajā́vān (11 syllables)
- D. दीर्घः रयिः पृष्ठबुध्नः सभावान् dīrgháḥ rayíḥ pr̥thubudhnáḥ sabhā́vān (11 syllables)
गोमान् (gómān)
rich in cows
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अविमान (ávimān)
rich in sheep
अश्वी (aśvī́)
rich in horses
यज्ञः (yajñáḥ)
sacrifice
नृवत्सखा (nr̥vátsakhā)
with manly friends
सदम् (sádam)
always, constantly
इत् (ít)
indeed
अप्रमृष्यः (apramr̥ṣyáḥ)
not to be disregarded, invincible
इळावान् (íḷāvān)
rich in nourishment
एषः (eṣáḥ)
this
असुर (asura)
O lord, O mighty one
प्रजावान् (prajā́vān)
rich in offspring
दीर्घः (dīrgháḥ)
long-lasting
रयिः (rayíḥ)
wealth
पृष्ठबुध्नः (pr̥thubudhnáḥ)
broad-based
सभावान् (sabhā́vān)
with assemblies
Stanza 4.2.6
यस्त॑ इ॒ध्मं ज॒भर॑त्सिष्विदा॒नो मू॒र्धानं॑ वा त॒तप॑ते त्वा॒या | भुव॒स्तस्य॒ स्वत॑वाँः पा॒युर॑ग्ने॒ विश्व॑स्मात्सीमघाय॒त उ॑रुष्य ||
yás ta idhmáṁ jabhárat siṣvidānó mūrdhā́naṁ vā tatápate tvāyā́ bhúvas tásya svátavām̐ḥ pāyúr agne víśvasmāt sīm aghāyatá uruṣya
Be a strong protector, O Agni, for the man who, in his sweat, brings fuel to you, or who, desiring you, heats his head. Protect him from every harmful being.
This verse is a plea to Agni for protection. It asks Agni to be a strong protector for the worshipper who diligently brings fuel, even if it causes hardship, or who focuses their mind on worshipping him. Agni is asked to save this worshipper from all harm.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः ते इध्मं जभरत् सिष्विदानः yáḥ te idhmám jabhárat siṣvidānáḥ (11 syllables)
- B. मूर्धानं वा ततपते त्वाया mūrdhā́nam vā tatápate tvāyā́ (11 syllables)
- C. भुवः तस्य स्वतवान् पायुः अग्ने bhúvaḥ tásya svátavān pāyúḥ agne (11 syllables)
- D. विश्वस्मात् सीम अघायतः उरुष्य víśvasmāt sīm aghāyatáḥ uruṣya (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
who
ते (te)
for you
इध्मं (idhmám)
fuel (for fire)
जभरत् (jabhárat)
brings
सिष्विदानः (siṣvidānáḥ)
sweating
मूर्धानं (mūrdhā́nam)
head
वा (vā)
or
ततपते (tatápate)
he heats, he warms
त्वाया (tvāyā́)
desiring you
भुवः (bhúvaḥ)
may you be
तस्य (tásya)
of him
स्वतवान् (svátavān)
self-strong
पायुः (pāyúḥ)
protector
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
विश्वस्मात् (víśvasmāt)
from all
सीम (sīm)
him
अघायतः (aghāyatáḥ)
harmful, malevolent
उरुष्य (uruṣya)
protect, deliver
Stanza 4.2.7
यस्ते॒ भरा॒दन्नि॑यते चि॒दन्नं॑ नि॒शिष॑न्म॒न्द्रमति॑थिमु॒दीर॑त् | आ दे॑व॒युरि॒नध॑ते दुरो॒णे तस्मि॑न्र॒यिर्ध्रु॒वो अ॑स्तु॒ दास्वा॑न् ||
yás te bhárād ánniyate cid ánnaṁ niśíṣan mandrám átithim udī́rat ā́ devayúr inádhate duroṇé tásmin rayír dhruvó astu dā́svān
The person who brings food to you, who welcomes the cheerful guest and stirs him to action, the godly man who kindles you in his dwelling: to him may lasting and generous wealth belong.
This verse speaks of the rewarding nature of hospitality towards Agni. It states that the person who brings food to Agni, welcomes him as a guest, and kindles him in their home will receive enduring and generous wealth.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः ते भऱात अन्नियते चित अन्नं yáḥ te bhárāt ánniyate cit ánnam (11 syllables)
- B. निशिषन् मन्द्रं अतिथिं उदीरत् niśíṣan mandrám átithim udī́rat (11 syllables)
- C. आ देवयुः इनधते दुरोणे ā́ devayúḥ inádhate duroṇé (11 syllables)
- D. तस्मिन रयिः ध्रुवः अस्तु दास्वान् tásmin rayíḥ dhruváḥ astu dā́svān (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
who
ते (te)
to you
भऱात (bhárāt)
brings
अन्नियते (ánniyate)
desiring food
चित (cit)
and
अन्नं (ánnam)
food
निशिषन् (niśíṣan)
welcoming, treating
मन्द्रं (mandrám)
cheerful, pleasant
अतिथिं (átithim)
guest
उदीरत् (udī́rat)
stirs up, rouses
आ (ā́)
towards, to
देवयुः (devayúḥ)
godly, devoted to gods
इनधते (inádhate)
kindles, ignites
दुरोणे (duroṇé)
in the dwelling
तस्मिन (tásmin)
in him, in that
रयिः (rayíḥ)
wealth
ध्रुवः (dhruváḥ)
lasting, firm
अस्तु (astu)
may be
दास्वान् (dā́svān)
generous, liberal
Stanza 4.2.8
यस्त्वा॑ दो॒षा य उ॒षसि॑ प्र॒शंसा॑त्प्रि॒यं वा॑ त्वा कृ॒णव॑ते ह॒विष्मा॑न् | अश्वो॒ न स्वे दम॒ आ हे॒म्यावा॒न्तमंह॑सः पीपरो दा॒श्वांस॑म् ||
yás tvā doṣā́ yá uṣási praśáṁsāt priyáṁ vā tvā kr̥ṇávate havíṣmān áśvo ná své dáma ā́ hemyā́vān tám áṁhasaḥ pīparo dāśvā́ṁsam
The one who praises you, Agni, in the evening and in the morning, and makes you pleased with offerings – that liberal person, you should bring across all distress, like a well-propelled horse in his own home.
This verse praises the devotee who worships Agni both morning and evening with offerings, making him pleased. It assures such a devotee, comparing them to a swift horse, that Agni will protect them from all distress and danger.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः त्वा दोषा यः उषसि प्रशंसात yáḥ tvā doṣā́ yáḥ uṣási praśáṃsāt (11 syllables)
- B. प्रियं वा त्वा कृणवते हविष्मान् priyám vā tvā kr̥ṇávate havíṣmān (11 syllables)
- C. अश्वः न स्वे दमे आ हेम्यावान् áśvaḥ ná své dáme ā́ hemyā́vān (11 syllables)
- D. तं अंहसः पीपरः दाश्वांसं tám áṃhasaḥ pīparaḥ dāśvā́ṃsam (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
who
त्वा (tvā)
you
दोषा (doṣā́)
in the evening
यः (yáḥ)
who
उषसि (uṣási)
in the morning
प्रशंसात (praśáṃsāt)
praises, extols
प्रियं (priyám)
dear, pleasing
वा (vā)
or
त्वा (tvā)
you
कृणवते (kr̥ṇávate)
makes (you pleased)
हविष्मान् (havíṣmān)
one who makes offerings
अश्वः (áśvaḥ)
horse
न (ná)
like
स्वे (své)
own
दमे (dáme)
in the home
आ (ā́)
towards, across
हेम्यावान् (hemyā́vān)
bestowed with treasure
तं (tám)
him
अंहसः (áṃhasaḥ)
from distress, from evil
पीपरः (pīparaḥ)
you help cross, you deliver
दाश्वांसं (dāśvā́ṃsam)
the giver, the liberal one
Stanza 4.2.9
यस्तुभ्य॑मग्ने अ॒मृता॑य॒ दाश॒द्दुव॒स्त्वे कृ॒णव॑ते य॒तस्रु॑क् | न स रा॒या श॑शमा॒नो वि यो॑ष॒न्नैन॒मंहः॒ परि॑ वरदघा॒योः ||
yás túbhyam agne amŕ̥tāya dā́śad dúvas tvé kr̥ṇávate yatásruk ná sá rāyā́ śaśamānó ví yoṣan naínam áṁhaḥ pári varad aghāyóḥ
May the person who worships you, the immortal one, O Agni, and who serves you with the sacrificial ladle, not be deprived of wealth, O toiler. May no harm from a wicked person surround him.
This verse describes the benefits of serving the immortal Agni. It states that the person who worships Agni with devotion and service, using the sacrificial ladle, will not lose their wealth despite their efforts and will be protected from harm by wicked individuals.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यः तुभ्यम् अग्ने अमृताय दाशत् yáḥ túbhyam agne amŕ̥tāya dā́śat (11 syllables)
- B. दुवः त्वे कृणवते यतस्रुक् dúvaḥ tvé kr̥ṇávate yatásruk (11 syllables)
- C. न स राया शशमानः वि योषत् ná sá rāyā́ śaśamānáḥ ví yoṣat (11 syllables)
- D. न एनं अंहः परि वरत् अघायोः ná enam áṃhaḥ pári varat aghāyóḥ (11 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
who
तुभ्यम् (túbhyam)
to you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अमृताय (amŕ̥tāya)
to the immortal
दाशत् (dā́śat)
worships, offers gifts
दुवः (dúvaḥ)
service, worship
त्वे (tvé)
in you, for you
कृणवते (kr̥ṇávate)
performs, does
यतस्रुक् (yatásruk)
with the sacrificial ladle raised
न (ná)
not
स (sá)
he
राया (rāyā́)
with wealth
शशमानः (śaśamānáḥ)
toiling, striving
वि (ví)
away, apart
योषत् (yoṣat)
may he lose
न (ná)
not
एनं (enam)
him
अंहः (áṃhaḥ)
distress, evil
परि (pári)
around
वरत् (varat)
may surround
अघायोः (aghāyóḥ)
of the wicked, of the malevolent
Stanza 4.2.10
यस्य॒ त्वम॑ग्ने अध्व॒रं जुजो॑षो दे॒वो मर्त॑स्य॒ सुधि॑तं॒ ररा॑णः | प्री॒तेद॑स॒द्धोत्रा॒ सा य॑वि॒ष्ठासा॑म॒ यस्य॑ विध॒तो वृ॒धासः॑ ||
yásya tvám agne adhvaráṁ jújoṣo devó mártasya súdhitaṁ rárāṇaḥ prītéd asad dhótrā sā́ yaviṣṭhā́sāma yásya vidható vr̥dhā́saḥ
May that mortal's sacrifice, O Agni, which you, as the god, accept, you liberal giver, be pleasing, O youngest god. May we become helpers for the worshipper whose efforts we shall assist.
This verse expresses a desire for Agni to accept the mortal's well-prepared sacrifice. The speaker wishes for their worship to be pleasing to Agni, the youngest god, and hopes to be helpers in the devotee's own worship, strengthening their efforts.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यस्य त्वं अग्ने अध्वरं जुजोषः yásya tvám agne adhvarám jújoṣaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. देवः मर्तस्य सुधितं रराणः deváḥ mártasya súdhitam rárāṇaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. प्रीता इत् असद होत्रा सा यविष्ठ prītā́ ít asat hótrā sā́ yaviṣṭha (11 syllables)
- D. असाम यस्य विधतः वृधासः ásāma yásya vidhatáḥ vr̥dhā́saḥ (11 syllables)
यस्य (yásya)
whose
त्वं (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अध्वरं (adhvarám)
sacrifice, religious rite
जुजोषः (jújoṣaḥ)
you have accepted, you have favored
देवः (deváḥ)
god
मर्तस्य (mártasya)
of the mortal
सुधितं (súdhitam)
well-prepared, well-ordered
रराणः (rárāṇaḥ)
giving liberally, bestowing
प्रीता (prītā́)
pleased, accepted
इत् (ít)
indeed
असद (asat)
may be, exist
होत्रा (hótrā)
offering, worship
सा (sā́)
that
यविष्ठ (yaviṣṭha)
O youngest
असाम (ásāma)
may we be
यस्य (yásya)
whose
विधतः (vidhatáḥ)
of the worshipper, of the one who performs
वृधासः (vr̥dhā́saḥ)
helpers, strengtheners
Stanza 4.2.11
चित्ति॒मचि॑त्तिं चिनव॒द्वि वि॒द्वान्पृ॒ष्ठेव॑ वी॒ता वृ॑जि॒ना च॒ मर्ता॑न् | रा॒ये च॑ नः स्वप॒त्याय॑ देव॒ दितिं॑ च॒ रास्वादि॑तिमुरुष्य ||
cíttim ácittiṁ cinavad ví vidvā́n pr̥ṣṭhéva vītā́ vr̥jinā́ ca mártān rāyé ca naḥ svapatyā́ya deva dítiṁ ca rā́svā́ditim uruṣya
May the knowing one distinguish wisdom and folly, like the straight and crooked backs of horses. And for wealth and noble offspring, O god, grant us Diti (plenty) and ward off Aditi (scarcity).
This verse prays for discernment between wisdom and folly, comparing it to distinguishing the straightness and crookedness of horse's backs. The speaker asks Agni to grant them wealth, good offspring, and to protect them from scarcity and misfortune.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. चित्तिं अचित्तिं चिनवत् वि विद्वान् cíttim ácittim cinavat ví vidvā́n (11 syllables)
- B. पृष्ठा इव वीता वृजिना च मर्तान pr̥ṣṭhā́ iva vītā́ vr̥jinā́ ca mártān (11 syllables)
- C. राये च नः स्वपत्याय देव rāyé ca naḥ svapatyā́ya deva (11 syllables)
- D. दितिं च रास्वा अदितिं उरुष्य dítim ca rā́sva áditim uruṣya (11 syllables)
चित्तिं (cíttim)
wisdom, understanding
अचित्तिं (ácittim)
folly, lack of understanding
चिनवत् (cinavat)
may he distinguish
वि (ví)
apart, clearly
विद्वान् (vidvā́n)
the knowing one
पृष्ठा (pr̥ṣṭhā́)
backs
इव (iva)
like
वीता (vītā́)
straight
वृजिना (vr̥jinā́)
crooked
च (ca)
and
मर्तान (mártān)
mortals
राये (rāyé)
for wealth
च (ca)
and
नः (naḥ)
to us
स्वपत्याय (svapatyā́ya)
for noble offspring
देव (deva)
O god
दितिं (dítim)
plenty, abundance
च (ca)
and
रास्वा (rā́sva)
grant, bestow
अदितिं (áditim)
scarcity, want
उरुष्य (uruṣya)
ward off, protect from
Stanza 4.2.12
क॒विं श॑शासुः क॒वयोऽद॑ब्धा निधा॒रय॑न्तो॒ दुर्या॑स्वा॒योः | अत॒स्त्वं दृश्याँ॑ अग्न ए॒तान्प॒ड्भिः प॑श्ये॒रद्भु॑ताँ अ॒र्य एवैः॑ ||
kavíṁ śaśāsuḥ kaváyó 'dabdhā nidhāráyanto dúryāsv āyóḥ átas tváṁ dŕ̥śyām̐ agna etā́n paḍbhíḥ paśyer ádbhutām̐ aryá évaiḥ
The undeceived sages instructed the wise one (Agni), placing him in the dwellings of Âyu. Hence may you, O Agni, with your eyes, behold these visible and hidden beings on the ways of the righteous.
This verse speaks of the sages instructing Agni, the wise one, and placing him in the dwellings of Âyu. It then asks Agni to use his eyes to perceive the visible and hidden beings on the paths of the righteous.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कविं शशासुः कवये अदब्धाः kavím śaśāsuḥ kaváyaḥ ádabdhāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. निधारयन्तः दुर्यासु आयोः nidhāráyantaḥ dúryāsu āyóḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अतस्त त्वं दृश्याँ अग्ने एतान् átas tvám dŕ̥śyān agne etā́n (11 syllables)
- D. पड्भिः पश्येः अद्भुतान् अर्यः एवैः paḍbhíḥ paśyeḥ ádbhutān aryáḥ évaiḥ (11 syllables)
कविं (kavím)
wise one, sage
शशासुः (śaśāsuḥ)
instructed, commanded
कवये (kaváyaḥ)
sages
अदब्धाः (ádabdhāḥ)
undeceived, unfailing
निधारयन्तः (nidhāráyantaḥ)
placing, establishing
दुर्यासु (dúryāsu)
in the dwellings
आयोः (āyóḥ)
of Âyu (a progenitor)
अतस्त (átas)
hence, from there
त्वं (tvám)
you
दृश्याँ (dŕ̥śyān)
visible
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
एतान् (etā́n)
these
पड्भिः (paḍbhíḥ)
with feet
पश्येः (paśyeḥ)
may you see
अद्भुतान् (ádbhutān)
wonderful, marvelous
अर्यः (aryáḥ)
of the righteous, of the Arya
एवैः (évaiḥ)
with pathways
Stanza 4.2.13
त्वम॑ग्ने वा॒घते॑ सु॒प्रणी॑तिः सु॒तसो॑माय विध॒ते य॑विष्ठ | रत्नं॑ भर शशमा॒नाय॑ घृष्वे पृ॒थु श्च॒न्द्रमव॑से चर्षणि॒प्राः ||
tvám agne vāgháte supráṇītiḥ sutásomāya vidhaté yaviṣṭha rátnam bhara śaśamānā́ya ghr̥ṣve pr̥thú ścandrám ávase carṣaṇiprā́ḥ
You, O Agni, youngest god, are a good guide. Bring a plentiful and brilliant treasure to the one who serves you, the one who presses Soma, and who toils. Help him, O vigorous one, who seeks protection.
This verse calls upon Agni, the youngest and wisest god, to be a good guide. It asks him to bring abundant and brilliant treasures to the diligent worshipper who offers Soma, and to aid the one who struggles and desires protection.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. त्वं अग्ने वाघते सुप्रणीतिः tvám agne vāgháte supráṇītiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. सुतसोमाय विधते यविष्ठ sutásomāya vidhaté yaviṣṭha (11 syllables)
- C. रत्नं भर शशमानाय घृष्वे rátnam bhara śaśamānā́ya ghr̥ṣve (11 syllables)
- D. पृथु चन्द्रं अवसे चर्षणिप्राः pr̥thú ścandrám ávase carṣaṇiprā́ḥ (11 syllables)
त्वं (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
वाघते (vāgháte)
to the devoted worshipper
सुप्रणीतिः (supráṇītiḥ)
good guidance
सुतसोमाय (sutásomāya)
to the one who presses Soma
विधते (vidhaté)
to the one who serves, who acts
यविष्ठ (yaviṣṭha)
O youngest
रत्नं (rátnam)
treasure
भर (bhara)
bring
शशमानाय (śaśamānā́ya)
to the one who toils, strives
घृष्वे (ghr̥ṣve)
O vigorous, O active one
पृथु (pr̥thú)
plentiful, vast
चन्द्रं (ścandrám)
brilliant, shining
अवसे (ávase)
for protection, for aid
चर्षणिप्राः (carṣaṇiprā́ḥ)
filling the dwellings (of people)
Stanza 4.2.14
अधा॑ ह॒ यद्व॒यम॑ग्ने त्वा॒या प॒ड्भिर्हस्ते॑भिश्चकृ॒मा त॒नूभिः॑ | रथं॒ न क्रन्तो॒ अप॑सा भु॒रिजो॑र्ऋ॒तं ये॑मुः सु॒ध्य॑ आशुषा॒णाः ||
ádhā ha yád vayám agne tvāyā́ paḍbhír hástebhiś cakr̥mā́ tanū́bhiḥ ráthaṁ ná kránto ápasā bhuríjor r̥táṁ yemuḥ sudhyà āśuṣāṇā́ḥ
And whatever we have done, O Agni, out of devotion for you, with our feet, with our hands, with our bodies: the wise, striving diligently, have upheld the cosmic order, like those who skillfully manage a chariot.
This verse reflects on the actions performed by devotees for Agni using their bodies and effort. It compares their efforts to those who skillfully construct a chariot, suggesting that their actions, when guided by wisdom and effort, uphold the cosmic order.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अधा ह यत् वयम अग्ने त्वाया ádha + ha yát vayám agne tvāyā́ (11 syllables)
- B. पड्भिः हस्तेभिश्च चकृमा तणूभिः paḍbhíḥ hástebhiḥ cakr̥má + tanū́bhiḥ (11 syllables)
- C. रथं न क्रान्तः अपसा भुरिजोः rátham ná krántaḥ ápasā bhuríjoḥ (11 syllables)
- D. ऋतं येमुः सुध्यः आशुषाणाः r̥tám yemuḥ sudhyàḥ āśuṣāṇā́ḥ (11 syllables)
अधा (ádha +)
and
ह (ha)
indeed
यत् (yát)
whatever
वयम (vayám)
we
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
त्वाया (tvāyā́)
for you, out of devotion for you
पड्भिः (paḍbhíḥ)
with feet
हस्तेभिश्च (hástebhiḥ)
with hands
चकृमा (cakr̥má +)
we have done
तणूभिः (tanū́bhiḥ)
with bodies
रथं (rátham)
chariot
न (ná)
like
क्रान्तः (krántaḥ)
having managed, having directed
अपसा (ápasā)
with effort, with work
भुरिजोः (bhuríjoḥ)
of the two pole-arms (of a chariot)
ऋतं (r̥tám)
cosmic order, truth
येमुः (yemuḥ)
they upheld, they maintained
सुध्यः (sudhyàḥ)
wise ones
आशुषाणाः (āśuṣāṇā́ḥ)
striving, aspiring
Stanza 4.2.15
अधा॑ मा॒तुरु॒षसः॑ स॒प्त विप्रा॒ जाये॑महि प्रथ॒मा वे॒धसो॒ नॄन् | दि॒वस्पु॒त्रा अङ्गि॑रसो भवे॒माद्रिं॑ रुजेम ध॒निनं॑ शु॒चन्तः॑ ||
ádhā mātúr uṣásaḥ saptá víprā jā́yemahi prathamā́ vedháso nr̥ŕ̥n divás putrā́ áṅgiraso bhavemā́driṁ rujema dhanínaṁ śucántaḥ
May we, the seven wise ones, be born from Dawn, the mother, as the first worshippers among men. May we be the Angirases, sons of Heaven. May we, shining brightly, break the mountain containing riches.
This verse expresses a desire to be reborn from Dawn, the mother, as seven wise priests or first worshippers. The speaker wishes to become Angirases, sons of Heaven, and to break open the mountain that holds wealth, shining brightly.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अधा मातुः उषसः सप्त विप्रा ádha + mātúḥ uṣásaḥ saptá víprāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. जायेमहि प्रथमाः वेधसो नॄन् jā́yemahi prathamā́ḥ vedhásaḥ nr̥̄́n (12 syllables)
- C. दिवः पुत्राः अङ्गिरसः भवेमा diváḥ putrā́ḥ áṅgirasaḥ bhavema (11 syllables)
- D. अद्रिं रुजेम धनिनं शुचन्तः ádrim rujema dhanínam śucántaḥ (11 syllables)
अधा (ádha +)
and
मातुः (mātúḥ)
from the mother
उषसः (uṣásaḥ)
from Dawn
सप्त (saptá)
seven
विप्रा (víprāḥ)
wise ones, priests
जायेमहि (jā́yemahi)
may we be born
प्रथमाः (prathamā́ḥ)
first
वेधसो (vedhásaḥ)
worshippers, sacrificers
नॄन् (nr̥̄́n)
among men
दिवः (diváḥ)
of heaven
पुत्राः (putrā́ḥ)
sons
अङ्गिरसः (áṅgirasaḥ)
Angirases (a race of sages)
भवेमा (bhavema)
may we be
अद्रिं (ádrim)
mountain, rock
रुजेम (rujema)
may we break
धनिनं (dhanínam)
containing wealth
शुचन्तः (śucántaḥ)
shining brightly
Stanza 4.2.16
अधा॒ यथा॑ नः पि॒तरः॒ परा॑सः प्र॒त्नासो॑ अग्न ऋ॒तमा॑शुषा॒णाः | शुचीद॑य॒न्दीधि॑तिमुक्थ॒शासः॒ क्षामा॑ भि॒न्दन्तो॑ अरु॒णीरप॑ व्रन् ||
ádhā yáthā naḥ pitáraḥ párāsaḥ pratnā́so agna r̥tám āśuṣāṇā́ḥ śúcī́d ayan dī́dhitim ukthaśā́saḥ kṣā́mā bhindánto aruṇī́r ápa vran
And as our ancient fathers, O Agni, aspiring after cosmic order, attained pure enlightenment and devotion, chanting their litanies. Cleaving the earth, they disclosed the red dawns.
This verse draws a parallel between ancient fathers and the current worshippers. It states that just as the ancient fathers pursued cosmic order and attained divine enlightenment, the current worshippers also strive for truth and clear devotion, revealing hidden truths like breaking open the earth to reveal the dawn.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अधा यथा नः पितरः परासः ádha + yáthā naḥ pitáraḥ párāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. प्रत्नासो अग्ने ऋतम् आशुषाणाः pratnā́saḥ agne r̥tám āśuṣāṇā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. शुचि इत् अयन दीधितिम् उक्थशासः śúci ít ayan dī́dhitim ukthaśā́saḥ (11 syllables)
- D. क्षामा भिन्दन्तो अरुणीः अप व्रन् kṣā́ma + bhindántaḥ aruṇī́ḥ ápa vran (11 syllables)
अधा (ádha +)
and
यथा (yáthā)
as
नः (naḥ)
our
पितरः (pitáraḥ)
fathers
परासः (párāsaḥ)
ancient, former
प्रत्नासो (pratnā́saḥ)
ancient, very old
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
ऋतम् (r̥tám)
cosmic order, truth
आशुषाणाः (āśuṣāṇā́ḥ)
aspiring, striving
शुचि (śúci)
pure
इत् (ít)
indeed
अयन (ayan)
they attained
दीधितिम् (dī́dhitim)
enlightenment, devotion
उक्थशासः (ukthaśā́saḥ)
those who chant litanies
क्षामा (kṣā́ma +)
earth
भिन्दन्तो (bhindántaḥ)
cleaving, breaking
अरुणीः (aruṇī́ḥ)
red (dawns)
अप (ápa)
away, forth
व्रन् (vran)
they disclosed, they revealed
Stanza 4.2.17
सु॒कर्मा॑णः सु॒रुचो॑ देव॒यन्तोऽयो॒ न दे॒वा जनि॑मा॒ धम॑न्तः | शु॒चन्तो॑ अ॒ग्निं व॑वृ॒धन्त॒ इन्द्र॑मू॒र्वं गव्यं॑ परि॒षद॑न्तो अग्मन् ||
sukármāṇaḥ surúco devayántó 'yo ná devā́ jánimā dhámantaḥ śucánto agníṁ vavr̥dhánta índram ūrváṁ gávyam pariṣádanto agman
Well-performing the rites, radiant, devoted to the gods, they generated generations, like gods smelting metal. Kindling Agni, strengthening Indra, they came encompassing the cattle-stall.
This verse describes the devotees as skilled performers of rituals, radiant, and devoted to the gods. It compares them to metals being smelted, generating generations of beings. They are depicted as enkindling Agni, strengthening Indra, and encompassing the cattle stalls.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सुकर्माणः सुरुचः देवयन्तः sukármāṇaḥ surúcaḥ devayántaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अयः न देवाः धमन्तः áyaḥ ná devā́ḥ jánima + dhámantaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. शुचन्तः अग्निं ववृधन्त इन्द्रम् śucántaḥ agním vavr̥dhántaḥ índram (11 syllables)
- D. ऊर्वं गव्यं परिपदन्तः अग्मन् ūrvám gávyam pariṣádantaḥ agman (11 syllables)
सुकर्माणः (sukármāṇaḥ)
well-performing deeds
सुरुचः (surúcaḥ)
radiant, shining
देवयन्तः (devayántaḥ)
devoted to the gods
अयः (áyaḥ)
metal, ore
न (ná)
like
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
(jánima +)
धमन्तः (dhámantaḥ)
smelting, forming
शुचन्तः (śucántaḥ)
shining, purifying
अग्निं (agním)
Agni
ववृधन्त (vavr̥dhántaḥ)
strengthening, increasing
इन्द्रम् (índram)
Indra
ऊर्वं (ūrvám)
stall, enclosure
गव्यं (gávyam)
of cows
परिपदन्तः (pariṣádantaḥ)
encompassing, surrounding
अग्मन् (agman)
they went, they came
Stanza 4.2.18
आ यू॒थेव॑ क्षु॒मति॑ प॒श्वो अ॑ख्यद्दे॒वानां॒ यज्जनि॒मान्त्यु॑ग्र | मर्ता॑नां चिदु॒र्वशी॑रकृप्रन्वृ॒धे चि॑द॒र्य उप॑रस्या॒योः ||
ā́ yūthéva kṣumáti paśvó akhyad devā́nāṁ yáj jánimā́nty ugra mártānāṁ cid urváśīr akr̥pran vr̥dhé cid aryá úparasyāyóḥ
You looked upon the generations of gods as upon herds of cattle in a rich pasture, O mighty one. Urvasis longed for mortals; (Agni) made them grow for the sake of the righteous Arya and the nearer Âyu.
This verse describes Agni observing the divine and mortal beings like herds of cattle in a rich pasture. It notes that the Urvasis (celestial nymphs) longed for mortals, and Agni, the powerful one, is present to support the righteous and the approaching Âyu.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ यूथेव इव क्षमति पश्वः अख्यद् ā́ yūthā́ iva kṣumáti paśváḥ akhyat (11 syllables)
- B. देवानां यत् जनिमान् अन्ति उग्र devā́nām yát jánima ánti ugra (11 syllables)
- C. मर्तानां चिद उर्वशीः अकृप्रन् mártānām cit urváśīḥ akr̥pran (11 syllables)
- D. वृधे चिद अर्य उपरस्या आयोः vr̥dhé cit aryáḥ úparasya āyóḥ (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
towards
यूथेव (yūthā́)
herds
इव (iva)
like
क्षमति (kṣumáti)
in a rich pasture
पश्वः (paśváḥ)
of cattle
अख्यद् (akhyat)
he looked, he observed
देवानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
यत् (yát)
when
जनिमान् (jánima)
generations
अन्ति (ánti)
near
उग्र (ugra)
O mighty one
मर्तानां (mártānām)
of mortals
चिद (cit)
and
उर्वशीः (urváśīḥ)
Urvasis (celestial nymphs)
अकृप्रन् (akr̥pran)
they longed, they pined
वृधे (vr̥dhé)
for growth, for strengthening
चिद (cit)
and
अर्य (aryáḥ)
of the righteous Arya
उपरस्या (úparasya)
of the upper, of the nearer
आयोः (āyóḥ)
of Âyu
Stanza 4.2.19
अक॑र्म ते॒ स्वप॑सो अभूम ऋ॒तम॑वस्रन्नु॒षसो॑ विभा॒तीः | अनू॑नम॒ग्निं पु॑रु॒धा सु॑श्च॒न्द्रं दे॒वस्य॒ मर्मृ॑जत॒श्चारु॒ चक्षुः॑ ||
ákarma te svápaso abhūma r̥tám avasrann uṣáso vibhātī́ḥ ánūnam agním purudhā́ suścandráṁ devásya mármr̥jataś cā́ru cákṣuḥ
We have worked for you, we have been excellent workers. The brilliant dawns have shone forth cosmic order. We have brightened the perfect Agni, who shines manifoldly with splendid beauty, (and brightened) the god's beautiful eye.
The verse celebrates the devotees' successful efforts dedicated to Agni, comparing them to the shining dawns that reveal cosmic order. They are described as making Agni, the perfect and radiant god, even more splendid, like polishing his beautiful eye.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अकर्म ते स्वपसः अभूमा ákarma te svápasaḥ abhūma (11 syllables)
- B. ऋतं अवस्रन्न उषसः विभातीः r̥tám avasran uṣásaḥ vibhātī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अनूनं अग्निं पुरुधा सुश्चन्द्रं ánūnam agním purudhā́ suścandrám (11 syllables)
- D. देवस्य मर्मृजत चारु चक्षुः devásya mármr̥jataḥ cā́ru cákṣuḥ (11 syllables)
अकर्म (ákarma)
we worked
ते (te)
for you
स्वपसः (svápasaḥ)
excellent workers
अभूमा (abhūma)
we became
ऋतं (r̥tám)
cosmic order
अवस्रन्न (avasran)
they shone forth
उषसः (uṣásaḥ)
dawns
विभातीः (vibhātī́ḥ)
brilliant, shining
अनूनं (ánūnam)
perfect, complete
अग्निं (agním)
Agni
पुरुधा (purudhā́)
in many ways, manifoldly
सुश्चन्द्रं (suścandrám)
with splendid beauty
देवस्य (devásya)
of the god
मर्मृजत (mármr̥jataḥ)
polishing, cleansing
चारु (cā́ru)
beautiful
चक्षुः (cákṣuḥ)
eye
Stanza 4.2.20
ए॒ता ते॑ अग्न उ॒चथा॑नि वे॒धोऽवो॑चाम क॒वये॒ ता जु॑षस्व | उच्छो॑चस्व कृणु॒हि वस्य॑सो नो म॒हो रा॒यः पु॑रुवार॒ प्र य॑न्धि ||
etā́ te agna ucáthāni vedhó 'vocāma kaváye tā́ juṣasva úc chocasva kr̥ṇuhí vásyaso no mahó rāyáḥ puruvāra prá yandhi
We have recited these praises for you, O Agni, wise performer of rites. Accept them gladly! Blaze forth; make us richer; bestow great wealth on us, O bountiful one!
This final verse is a direct address to Agni, the wise disposer of rites. The speaker declares that they have sung these praises for him and asks Agni to accept them gladly. They urge Agni to blaze forth, increase their wealth, and bestow great riches upon them.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. एता ते अग्ने उचथानि वेधो etā́ te agne ucáthāni vedhaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अवोचाम कवये ता जुषस्व ávocāma kaváye tā́ juṣasva (11 syllables)
- C. उच्छो शोचस्व कृणुहि वस्यसो नो út śocasva kr̥ṇuhí vásyasaḥ naḥ (11 syllables)
- D. महः रायः पुरुवार प्र यन्धि maháḥ rāyáḥ puruvāra prá yandhi (11 syllables)
एता (etā́)
these
ते (te)
for you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
उचथानि (ucáthāni)
praises, hymns
वेधो (vedhaḥ)
O performer of rites
अवोचाम (ávocāma)
we have spoken, recited
कवये (kaváye)
to the wise one
ता (tā́)
them
जुषस्व (juṣasva)
accept gladly
उच्छो (út)
upward
शोचस्व (śocasva)
blaze forth, shine
कृणुहि (kr̥ṇuhí)
make
वस्यसो (vásyasaḥ)
richer, more prosperous
नो (naḥ)
us
महः (maháḥ)
great
रायः (rāyáḥ)
wealth
पुरुवार (puruvāra)
O bountiful one
प्र (prá)
forth
यन्धि (yandhi)
give, bestow