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Stanza 4.14.1
प्रत्य॒ग्निरु॒षसो॑ जा॒तवे॑दा॒ अख्य॑द्दे॒वो रोच॑माना॒ महो॑भिः | आ ना॑सत्योरुगा॒या रथे॑ने॒मं य॒ज्ञमुप॑ नो यात॒मच्छ॑ ||
práty agnír uṣáso jātávedā ákhyad devó rócamānā máhobhiḥ ā́ nāsatyorugāyā́ ráthenemáṁ yajñám úpa no yātam ácha
Agni, the god who knows all births, has seen the dawns shining brightly with their great splendors. O Ashvins, who travel far and wide, come to this sacrifice of ours in your chariot.
The god Agni, who knows all beings, has observed the radiant dawns, adorned with their splendors. He invites the divine twin horsemen, the Ashvins, who travel widely, to come to the sacrifice in their chariot.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र॒ति अ॒ग्निः उ॒षसः जा॒तवे॑दाः práti agníḥ uṣásaḥ jātávedāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अ॒ख्यत् दे॒वः रोच॑मानाः म॒हो॒भिः ákhyat deváḥ rócamānāḥ máhobhiḥ (11 syllables)
- C. आ ना॒सत्यौ उ॒रु॒गाया रथे॑न ā́ nāsatyā urugāyā́ ráthena (11 syllables)
- D. इ॒मं य॒ज्ञं उप नः यात॑म अ॒च्छ imám yajñám úpa naḥ yātam ácha (11 syllables)
प्र॒ति (práti)
towards
अ॒ग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni, the fire god
उ॒षसः (uṣásaḥ)
dawns
जा॒तवे॑दाः (jātávedāḥ)
knowing all births/beings
अ॒ख्यत् (ákhyat)
saw, observed
दे॒वः (deváḥ)
god
रोच॑मानाः (rócamānāḥ)
shining, radiant
म॒हो॒भिः (máhobhiḥ)
with great splendors
आ (ā́)
towards, hither
ना॒सत्यौ (nāsatyā)
O Ashvins (twin horsemen)
उ॒रु॒गाया (urugāyā́)
traveling widely
रथे॑न (ráthena)
in/with a chariot
इ॒मं (imám)
this
य॒ज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice
उप (úpa)
towards, to
नः (naḥ)
us
यात॑म (yātam)
come ye (dual)
अ॒च्छ (ácha)
towards, to
Stanza 4.14.2
ऊ॒र्ध्वं के॒तुं स॑वि॒ता दे॒वो अ॑श्रे॒ज्ज्योति॒र्विश्व॑स्मै॒ भुव॑नाय कृ॒ण्वन् | आप्रा॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अ॒न्तरि॑क्षं॒ वि सूर्यो॑ र॒श्मिभि॒श्चेकि॑तानः ||
ūrdhváṁ ketúṁ savitā́ devó aśrej jyótir víśvasmai bhúvanāya kr̥ṇván ā́prā dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ antárikṣaṁ ví sū́ryo raśmíbhiś cékitānaḥ
The god Savitr has sent his shining banner upward, creating light for all the world. The Sun, keenly aware and radiant with its rays, has filled the heavens, the earth, and the atmosphere.
The god Savitr has raised his brilliant banner upwards, creating light for all the worlds. The Sun, fully aware and shining with its rays, has filled the sky, the earth, and the intermediate space.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऊ॒र्ध्वं के॒तुं स॒वि॒ता दे॒वः अ॒श्रे॒त् ūrdhvám ketúm savitā́ deváḥ aśret (11 syllables)
- B. ज्योतिः विश्व॑स्मै भु॒व॒नाय कृ॒ण्वन् jyótiḥ víśvasmai bhúvanāya kr̥ṇván (11 syllables)
- C. आ आ॒प्राः द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अ॒न्तरि॑क्षं ā́ aprāḥ dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ antárikṣam (11 syllables)
- D. वि सूर्यः रश्मि॑भिः चेकि॑तानः ví sū́ryaḥ raśmíbhiḥ cékitānaḥ (11 syllables)
ऊ॒र्ध्वं (ūrdhvám)
upward
के॒तुं (ketúm)
banner, signal
स॒वि॒ता (savitā́)
Savitr (the impeller, sun god)
दे॒वः (deváḥ)
god
अ॒श्रे॒त् (aśret)
spread, extended
ज्योतिः (jyótiḥ)
light
विश्व॑स्मै (víśvasmai)
for all
भु॒व॒नाय (bhúvanāya)
for the world, existence
कृ॒ण्वन् (kr̥ṇván)
making
आ (ā́)
throughout, filling
आ॒प्राः (aprāḥ)
filled, pervaded
द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी (dyā́vāpr̥thivī́)
heaven and earth
अ॒न्तरि॑क्षं (antárikṣam)
atmosphere, space
वि (ví)
apart, throughout
सूर्यः (sū́ryaḥ)
Sun
रश्मि॑भिः (raśmíbhiḥ)
with rays
चेकि॑तानः (cékitānaḥ)
aware, attentive, shining
Stanza 4.14.3
आ॒वह॑न्त्यरु॒णीर्ज्योति॒षागा॑न्म॒ही चि॒त्रा र॒श्मिभि॒श्चेकि॑ताना | प्र॒बो॒धय॑न्ती सुवि॒ताय॑ दे॒व्यु१॒॑षा ई॑यते सु॒युजा॒ रथे॑न ||
āváhanty aruṇī́r jyótiṣā́gān mahī́ citrā́ raśmíbhiś cékitānā prabodháyantī suvitā́ya devy ùṣā́ īyate suyújā ráthena
The red Dawn, bringing light, has come with her brilliance and rays. The great, shining goddess Dawn, awakening beings to well-being, moves forward on her chariot with well-matched steeds.
The radiant red Dawn, the great and brilliant goddess, has arrived with her light and rays. She is awakening all beings towards prosperity and is moving forward on her well-harnessed chariot.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ॒व॒ह॒न्ती अ॒रु॒णीः ज्योति॒षा आ गा॑न् āváhantī aruṇī́ḥ jyótiṣā ā́ agāt (11 syllables)
- B. म॒ही चि॒त्रा रश्मि॑भिः चेकि॑ताना mahī́ citrā́ raśmíbhiḥ cékitānā (11 syllables)
- C. प्र॒बो॒धय॑न्ती सु॒वि॒ताय दे॒वी prabodháyantī suvitā́ya devī́ (11 syllables)
- D. उ॒षाः ई॑यते सु॒यु॒जा रथे॑न uṣā́ḥ īyate suyújā ráthena (11 syllables)
आ॒व॒ह॒न्ती (āváhantī)
bringing hither
अ॒रु॒णीः (aruṇī́ḥ)
red, ruddy (referring to Dawn)
ज्योति॒षा (jyótiṣā)
with light
आ (ā́)
hither, towards
गा॑न् (agāt)
has come
म॒ही (mahī́)
great
चि॒त्रा (citrā́)
bright, diverse, wonderful
रश्मि॑भिः (raśmíbhiḥ)
with rays
चेकि॑ताना (cékitānā)
shining, aware, radiant
प्र॒बो॒धय॑न्ती (prabodháyantī)
awakening
सु॒वि॒ताय (suvitā́ya)
for welfare, good fortune
दे॒वी (devī́)
goddess
उ॒षाः (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
ई॑यते (īyate)
goes, moves
सु॒यु॒जा (suyújā)
well-yoked
रथे॑न (ráthena)
in/with a chariot
Stanza 4.14.4
आ वां॒ वहि॑ष्ठा इ॒ह ते व॑हन्तु॒ रथा॒ अश्वा॑स उ॒षसो॒ व्यु॑ष्टौ | इ॒मे हि वां॑ मधु॒पेया॑य॒ सोमा॑ अ॒स्मिन्य॒ज्ञे वृ॑षणा मादयेथाम् ||
ā́ vāṁ váhiṣṭhā ihá té vahantu ráthā áśvāsa uṣáso vyùṣṭau imé hí vām madhupéyāya sómā asmín yajñé vr̥ṣaṇā mādayethām
May your most swift chariots and horses carry you here at the break of dawn. For you here are these Soma drinks to be enjoyed. O powerful ones, may you rejoice at this sacrifice.
The speaker invites the Ashvins to come to this sacrifice in their swiftest chariots and with their horses, especially at the break of dawn. He offers them Soma juices for their enjoyment, urging them to rejoice in the ceremony.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ वा॒ं व॒हि॒ष्ठाः इ॒ह ते व॒ह॒न्तु ā́ vām váhiṣṭhāḥ ihá té vahantu (11 syllables)
- B. र॒थाः अ॒श्वा॑सः उ॒षसः व्यु॑ष्टौ ráthāḥ áśvāsaḥ uṣásaḥ vyùṣṭau (11 syllables)
- C. इ॒मे हि वा॒ं मधु॒पेया॑य सोमाः imé hí vām madhupéyāya sómāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अ॒स्मिन् य॒ज्ञे वृ॒ष॒णा मा॒द॒ये॒थाम् asmín yajñé vr̥ṣaṇā mādayethām (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
hither
वा॒ं (vām)
for you (dual)
व॒हि॒ष्ठाः (váhiṣṭhāḥ)
most swift, best carriers
इ॒ह (ihá)
here
ते (té)
those
व॒ह॒न्तु (vahantu)
may they carry
र॒थाः (ráthāḥ)
chariots
अ॒श्वा॑सः (áśvāsaḥ)
horses
उ॒षसः (uṣásaḥ)
of the dawn
व्यु॑ष्टौ (vyùṣṭau)
at the break of dawn
इ॒मे (imé)
these
हि (hí)
indeed, certainly
वा॒ं (vām)
for you (dual)
मधु॒पेया॑य (madhupéyāya)
for the sweet drink, enjoyment
सोमाः (sómāḥ)
Soma juices
अ॒स्मिन् (asmín)
in this
य॒ज्ञे (yajñé)
in the sacrifice
वृ॒ष॒णा (vr̥ṣaṇā)
O powerful ones (dual)
मा॒द॒ये॒थाम् (mādayethām)
may ye be delighted
Stanza 4.14.5
अना॑यतो॒ अनि॑बद्धः क॒थायं न्य॑ङ्ङुत्ता॒नोऽव॑ पद्यते॒ न | कया॑ याति स्व॒धया॒ को द॑दर्श दि॒वः स्क॒म्भः समृ॑तः पाति॒ नाक॑म् ||
ánāyato ánibaddhaḥ kathā́yáṁ nyàṅṅ uttānó ava padyate ná \!\ káyā yāti svadháyā kó dadarśa divá skambháḥ sámr̥taḥ pāti nā́kam // \!\
How does it, unfastened and unbound, not fall, though turned downward? By what power does it move? Who has seen it? Does this firmly fixed pillar of the sky uphold the heavens?
This verse poses a series of rhetorical questions about a cosmic pillar or support. It questions how something unbound and unsupported does not fall, even when directed downwards. It asks about its self-power, who has seen it, and if this pillar, firmly set, supports the heavens.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अना॑यत अनि॑बद्धः क॒था अयम् ánāyataḥ ánibaddhaḥ kathā́ ayám (11 syllables)
- B. न्य॑ङ् उत्ता॑नः अव पद्यते न nyàṅ uttānáḥ áva padyate ná (11 syllables)
- C. कया याति स्व॒धया कः ददर्श káyā yāti svadháyā káḥ dadarśa (11 syllables)
- D. दि॒वः स्क॒म्भः सं॒मृतः पाति नाकं diváḥ skambháḥ sámr̥taḥ pāti nā́kam (11 syllables)
अना॑यत (ánāyataḥ)
unextended, unsupported
अनि॑बद्धः (ánibaddhaḥ)
unbound, unfastened
क॒था (kathā́)
how?
अयम् (ayám)
this one
न्य॑ङ् (nyàṅ)
downward
उत्ता॑नः (uttānáḥ)
turned upward, laid open (here implying downward in motion)
अव (áva)
down
पद्यते (padyate)
falls
न (ná)
not
कया (káyā)
by what?
याति (yāti)
moves
स्व॒धया (svadháyā)
by its own power
कः (káḥ)
who?
ददर्श (dadarśa)
has seen
दि॒वः (diváḥ)
of the sky
स्क॒म्भः (skambháḥ)
pillar, support
सं॒मृतः (sámr̥taḥ)
firmly fixed, joined together
पाति (pāti)
supports, protects
नाकं (nā́kam)
the sky, heaven