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Stanza 4.13.1
प्रत्य॒ग्निरु॒षसा॒मग्र॑मख्यद्विभाती॒नां सु॒मना॑ रत्न॒धेय॑म् | या॒तम॑श्विना सु॒कृतो॑ दुरो॒णमुत्सूर्यो॒ ज्योति॑षा दे॒व ए॑ति ||
práty agnír uṣásām ágram akhyad vibhātīnā́ṁ sumánā ratnadhéyam yātám aśvinā sukŕ̥to duroṇám út sū́ryo jyótiṣā devá eti
Agni, with a benevolent mind, has looked upon the foremost part of the radiant dawns, the bestower of treasures. Come, O Ashvins, to a well-built dwelling that is dear to the pious. The sun god Surya comes with his light.
The hymn begins by describing Agni, the fire god, looking favorably upon the dawn as it emerges with radiant beauty and brings forth riches. It then addresses the divine twin horsemen, the Ashvins, inviting them to a pious dwelling, as the sun god Surya begins to ascend with his brilliant light.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र॒ति अ॒ग्निः उ॒षसा॑म् अग्र॑म् अख्यत् práti agníḥ uṣásām ágram akhyat (11 syllables)
- B. विभाती॑नाम् सु॒मनाः॑ रत्न॒धेय॑म् vibhātīnā́m sumánāḥ ratnadhéyam (11 syllables)
- C. या॒तम् अश्विना सु॒कृतः॑ दुरो॒णम् yātám aśvinā sukŕ̥taḥ duroṇám (11 syllables)
- D. उत् सू॒र्यः ज्योति॑षा देवः एति út sū́ryaḥ jyótiṣā deváḥ eti (11 syllables)
प्र॒ति (práti)
towards
अ॒ग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
उ॒षसा॑म् (uṣásām)
of the dawns
अग्र॑म् (ágram)
the foremost part
अख्यत् (akhyat)
looked
विभाती॑नाम् (vibhātīnā́m)
of the shining ones
सु॒मनाः॑ (sumánāḥ)
benevolent-minded
रत्न॒धेय॑म् (ratnadhéyam)
bestower of treasures
या॒तम् (yātám)
come (you two)
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins
सु॒कृतः॑ (sukŕ̥taḥ)
of the pious
दुरो॒णम् (duroṇám)
dwelling
उत् (út)
up
सू॒र्यः (sū́ryaḥ)
Surya (sun god)
ज्योति॑षा (jyótiṣā)
with light
देवः (deváḥ)
the god
एति (eti)
comes
Stanza 4.13.2
ऊ॒र्ध्वं भा॒नुं स॑वि॒ता दे॒वो अ॑श्रेद्द्र॒प्सं दवि॑ध्वद्गवि॒षो न सत्वा॑ | अनु॑ व्र॒तं वरु॑णो यन्ति मि॒त्रो यत्सूर्यं॑ दि॒व्या॑रो॒हय॑न्ति ||
ūrdhvám bhānúṁ savitā́ devó aśred drapsáṁ dávidhvad gaviṣó ná sátvā ánu vratáṁ váruṇo yanti mitró yát sū́ryaṁ divy āā̀roháyanti
The god Savitr has spread his light upwards, shaking it like a warrior seeking cattle. Varuna and Mitra follow the established order when they make the sun ascend in the sky.
The sun god Savitr unfurls his brilliant light upwards, likened to a warrior waving a banner to gain spoils. The gods Varuna and Mitra faithfully follow the cosmic order, ensuring the sun's ascent into the sky each day.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऊ॒र्ध्वम् भा॒नुम् स॒वि॒ता दे॒वः अ॒श्रेत् ūrdhvám bhānúm savitā́ deváḥ aśret (11 syllables)
- B. द्र॒प्सम् दवि॑ध्वत् गवि॑षः न स॒त्वा drapsám dávidhvat gaviṣáḥ ná sátvā (11 syllables)
- C. अनु व्र॒तम् व॒रु॒णः यन्ति मि॒त्रः ánu vratám váruṇaḥ yanti mitráḥ (11 syllables)
- D. यत् सू॒र्यम् दि॒वि आ॒रो॒ह॒य॒न्ति yát sū́ryam diví āroháyanti (11 syllables)
ऊ॒र्ध्वम् (ūrdhvám)
upwards
भा॒नुम् (bhānúm)
light, radiance
स॒वि॒ता (savitā́)
Savitr (sun god)
दे॒वः (deváḥ)
the god
अ॒श्रेत् (aśret)
spread
द्र॒प्सम् (drapsám)
banner, drop
दवि॑ध्वत् (dávidhvat)
shaking
गवि॑षः (gaviṣáḥ)
seeking cattle
न (ná)
like
स॒त्वा (sátvā)
hero, warrior
अनु (ánu)
following
व्र॒तम् (vratám)
order, rule
व॒रु॒णः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna (god)
यन्ति (yanti)
they go
मि॒त्रः (mitráḥ)
Mitra (god)
यत् (yát)
when
सू॒र्यम् (sū́ryam)
the sun
दि॒वि (diví)
in the sky
आ॒रो॒ह॒य॒न्ति (āroháyanti)
they make ascend
Stanza 4.13.3
यं सी॒मकृ॑ण्व॒न्तम॑से वि॒पृचे॑ ध्रु॒वक्षे॑मा॒ अन॑वस्यन्तो॒ अर्थ॑म् | तं सूर्यं॑ ह॒रितः॑ स॒प्त य॒ह्वीः स्पशं॒ विश्व॑स्य॒ जग॑तो वहन्ति ||
yáṁ sīm ákr̥ṇvan támase vipŕ̥ce dhruvákṣemā ánavasyanto ártham táṁ sū́ryaṁ harítaḥ saptá yahvī́ spáśaṁ víśvasya jágato vahanti
Him, whom the gods, who are firm in their dwelling and never lose their goal, made to drive away the darkness – Him, the all-seeing Sun, the seven strong, young mares carry forward.
The hymn describes the Sun as a creation of divine beings who are steadfast and focused. This Sun, the observer of all, is carried across the sky by seven powerful, young, and swift horses, dispelling darkness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यम् सी॒म अ॒कृ॒ण्व॒न् तम॑से वि॒पृचे॑ yám sīm ákr̥ṇvan támase vipŕ̥ce (11 syllables)
- B. ध्रु॒वक्षे॑माः अन॑वस्यन्तः अर्थ॑म् dhruvákṣemāḥ ánavasyantaḥ ártham (11 syllables)
- C. तम् सू॒र्यम् ह॒रि॒तः स॒प्त य॒ह्वीः tám sū́ryam harítaḥ saptá yahvī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. स्प॒शम् विश्व॑स्य जग॑तः व॒ह॒न्ति spáśam víśvasya jágataḥ vahanti (11 syllables)
यम् (yám)
whom
सी॒म (sīm)
him (emphatic)
अ॒कृ॒ण्व॒न् (ákr̥ṇvan)
they made
तम॑से (támase)
for darkness
वि॒पृचे॑ (vipŕ̥ce)
to drive away
ध्रु॒वक्षे॑माः (dhruvákṣemāḥ)
firmly dwelling
अन॑वस्यन्तः (ánavasyantaḥ)
not losing
अर्थ॑म् (ártham)
goal, purpose
तम् (tám)
him
सू॒र्यम् (sū́ryam)
the Sun
ह॒रि॒तः (harítaḥ)
yellow/bay (mares)
स॒प्त (saptá)
seven
य॒ह्वीः (yahvī́ḥ)
strong/youthful (mares)
स्प॒शम् (spáśam)
observer, seer
विश्व॑स्य (víśvasya)
of the all
जग॑तः (jágataḥ)
of the moving world
व॒ह॒न्ति (vahanti)
they carry
Stanza 4.13.4
वहि॑ष्ठेभिर्वि॒हर॑न्यासि॒ तन्तु॑मव॒व्यय॒न्नसि॑तं देव॒ वस्म॑ | दवि॑ध्वतो र॒श्मयः॒ सूर्य॑स्य॒ चर्मे॒वावा॑धु॒स्तमो॑ अ॒प्स्व१॒॑न्तः ||
váhiṣṭhebhir viháran yāsi tántum avavyáyann ásitaṁ deva vásma dávidhvato raśmáyaḥ sū́ryasya cármevā́vādhus támo apsv àntáḥ
You move forward with the fastest horses, spreading your web, O god, and removing the dark covering. The rays of the sun have vibrated, and have sunk the darkness within the waters like a hide.
The divine Sun god, with his swift horses, moves forward, spreading his web of light and removing the darkness. The sun's rays vividly shine, like a hide submerged in water, sinking the darkness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वहि॑ष्ठेभिः वि॒हर॑न् यासि तन्तु॑म् váhiṣṭhebhiḥ viháran yāsi tántum (11 syllables)
- B. अव॒व्यय॑न् अ॒सि॒तम् देव वस्म॑ avavyáyan ásitam deva vásma (11 syllables)
- C. दवि॑ध्वतः र॒श्मयः सू॒र्यस्य dávidhvataḥ raśmáyaḥ sū́ryasya (11 syllables)
- D. चर्मे॑व इव अवा अ॒धुः तमो॑ अ॒प्स्व१॒ अ॒न्तः cárma iva áva adhuḥ támaḥ apsú antár (11 syllables)
वहि॑ष्ठेभिः (váhiṣṭhebhiḥ)
with the fastest moving ones
वि॒हर॑न् (viháran)
moving forward
यासि (yāsi)
you move
तन्तु॑म् (tántum)
web
अव॒व्यय॑न् (avavyáyan)
spreading
अ॒सि॒तम् (ásitam)
dark
देव (deva)
O god
वस्म॑ (vásma)
covering
दवि॑ध्वतः (dávidhvataḥ)
shaking, vibrating
र॒श्मयः (raśmáyaḥ)
rays
सू॒र्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of the sun
चर्मे॑व (cárma)
hide
इव (iva)
like
अवा (áva)
down
अ॒धुः (adhuḥ)
they sank
तमो॑ (támaḥ)
darkness
अ॒प्स्व१॒ (apsú)
in the waters
अ॒न्तः (antár)
within
Stanza 4.13.5
अना॑यतो॒ अनि॑बद्धः क॒थायं न्य॑ङ्ङुत्ता॒नोऽव॑ पद्यते॒ न | कया॑ याति स्व॒धया॒ को द॑दर्श दि॒वः स्क॒म्भः समृ॑तः पाति॒ नाक॑म् ||
ánāyato ánibaddhaḥ kathā́yáṁ nyàṅṅ uttānó 'va padyate ná káyā yāti svadháyā kó dadarśa divá skambháḥ sámr̥taḥ pāti nā́kam
How, being unsupported, unattached, and bent downwards, does it not fall? By what power of its own does it move? Who has seen it? As the pillar of the sky, firmly set, it protects the heavens.
The hymn questions the nature of the sun's movement: how, being unsupported and unattached, it doesn't fall despite appearing to move downwards. It wonders about the power driving its motion and who has witnessed it, concluding that the sun acts as a steadfast pillar supporting the sky.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अना॑यत अनि॑बद्धः क॒था यम् ánāyataḥ ánibaddhaḥ kathā́ ayám (11 syllables)
- B. न्यङ्ぐ उत्ता॑नः अव पद्यते न nyàṅ uttānáḥ áva padyate ná (11 syllables)
- C. कया याति स्व॒धया कः ददर्श káyā yāti svadháyā káḥ dadarśa (11 syllables)
- D. दि॒वः स्क॒म्भः स॒मृतः पाति नाकम् diváḥ skambháḥ sámr̥taḥ pāti nā́kam (11 syllables)
अना॑यत (ánāyataḥ)
unsupported
अनि॑बद्धः (ánibaddhaḥ)
unattached, unbound
क॒था (kathā́)
how
यम् (ayám)
this one (the sun)
न्यङ्ぐ (nyàṅ)
bent downwards
उत्ता॑नः (uttānáḥ)
spread out
अव (áva)
down
पद्यते (padyate)
falls
न (ná)
not
कया (káyā)
by what
याति (yāti)
moves
स्व॒धया (svadháyā)
by its own power
कः (káḥ)
who
ददर्श (dadarśa)
has seen
दि॒वः (diváḥ)
of the sky
स्क॒म्भः (skambháḥ)
pillar
स॒मृतः (sámr̥taḥ)
firmly set
पाति (pāti)
protects
नाकम् (nā́kam)
the heavens