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Stanza 2.31.1
अ॒स्माकं॑ मित्रावरुणावतं॒ रथ॑मादि॒त्यै रु॒द्रैर्वसु॑भिः सचा॒भुवा॑ | प्र यद्वयो॒ न पप्त॒न्वस्म॑न॒स्परि॑ श्रव॒स्यवो॒ हृषी॑वन्तो वन॒र्षदः॑ ||
asmā́kam mitrāvaruṇāvataṁ rátham ādityaí rudraír vásubhiḥ sacābhúvā prá yád váyo ná páptan vásmanas pári śravasyávo hŕ̥ṣīvanto vanarṣádaḥ
O Mitra and Varuna, please protect us! Help our chariot, along with the Adityas, Rudras, and Vasus. May it move forward swiftly, like birds taking flight from their home, eager for fame and full of energy!
This verse is a prayer to Mitra and Varuna, two powerful deities. The singer is asking for their help, specifically for their chariot to move swiftly and powerfully. The prayer invokes other divine beings like the Rudras, Vasus, and Adityas, suggesting a grand cosmic scale. The imagery is of speed and eagerness, comparing the chariot's movement to birds flying from their forest home, driven by a desire for glory.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अस्माक॑ मित्रावरुणा अवतं रथं asmā́kam mitrāvaruṇā avatam rátham (12 syllables)
- B. आदि॒त्यै रु॒द्रैः वसु॑भिः सचा॒भुवा ādityaíḥ rudraíḥ vásubhiḥ sacābhúvā (12 syllables)
- C. प्र वयॊ न पप्त॒न वस्म॑न स्परि॑ श्रव॒स्यवो prá yát váyaḥ ná páptan vásmanaḥ pári (12 syllables)
- D. हृषी॑वन्तो वन॒र्षदः॑ वन॒र्षदः॑ śravasyávaḥ hŕ̥ṣīvantaḥ vanarṣádaḥ (12 syllables)
अस्माक॑ (asmā́kam)
our
मित्रावरुणा (mitrāvaruṇā)
O Mitra and Varuna
अवतं (avatam)
protect/help
रथं (rátham)
chariot
आदि॒त्यै (ādityaíḥ)
with the Adityas
रु॒द्रैः (rudraíḥ)
with the Rudras
वसु॑भिः (vásubhiḥ)
with the Vasus
सचा॒भुवा (sacābhúvā)
united/together
प्र (prá)
forward
वयॊ (yát)
which
न (váyaḥ)
birds
पप्त॒न (ná)
like
वस्म॑न (páptan)
flying
स्परि॑ (vásmanaḥ)
from their home
श्रव॒स्यवो (pári)
around
हृषी॑वन्तो (śravasyávaḥ)
eager for glory
वन॒र्षदः॑ (hŕ̥ṣīvantaḥ)
energetic/joyful
वन॒र्षदः॑ (vanarṣádaḥ)
dwelling in forests
Stanza 2.31.2
अध॑ स्मा न॒ उद॑वता सजोषसो॒ रथं॑ देवासो अ॒भि वि॒क्षु वा॑ज॒युम् | यदा॒शवः॒ पद्या॑भि॒स्तित्र॑तो॒ रजः॑ पृथि॒व्याः सानौ॒ जङ्घ॑नन्त पा॒णिभिः॑ ||
ádha smā na úd avatā sajoṣaso ráthaṁ devāso abhí vikṣú vājayúm yád āśávaḥ pádyābhis títrato rájaḥ pr̥thivyā́ḥ sā́nau jáṅghananta pāṇíbhiḥ
And now, O gods, all together, speed our chariot forward! When it moves among the people, seeking victory, may our swift steeds, with their pounding hooves, race across the earth's ridges!
This verse continues the prayer for divine speed, now invoking the gods to propel the chariot forward. It describes the powerful movement of horses, whose hooves beat the earth's surface as they race. The scene is one of dynamic energy and a collective divine effort to move the chariot towards its goal, emphasizing speed and might.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अध॑ स्मा न उद॑ वता सजो॑षसो ádha sma + naḥ út avata + sajoṣasaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. रथं देवासो अभि वि॒क्षु वा॒ज॒युम् rátham devāsaḥ abhí vikṣú vājayúm (12 syllables)
- C. यत् आ॒शवः पद्या॑भिः ति॒त्रतॊ रजः yát āśávaḥ pádyābhiḥ títrataḥ rájaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. पृथि॒व्याः सानौ जङ्घ॑नन्त पा॒णिभिः pr̥thivyā́ḥ sā́nau jáṅghananta pāṇíbhiḥ (12 syllables)
अध॑ (ádha)
and now
स्मा (sma +)
indeed
न (naḥ)
us
उद॑ (út)
forward
वता (avata +)
speed/protect
सजो॑षसो (sajoṣasaḥ)
in unison/together
रथं (rátham)
chariot
देवासो (devāsaḥ)
O gods
अभि (abhí)
towards
वि॒क्षु (vikṣú)
among the people/tribes
वा॒ज॒युम् (vājayúm)
seeking victory/strength
यत् (yát)
when
आ॒शवः (āśávaḥ)
swift ones (horses)
पद्या॑भिः (pádyābhiḥ)
with hooves/feet
ति॒त्रतॊ (títrataḥ)
pressing/stepping
रजः (rájaḥ)
dust/atmosphere
पृथि॒व्याः (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
सानौ (sā́nau)
on the surface/ridges
जङ्घ॑नन्त (jáṅghananta)
trampling/striking
पा॒णिभिः (pāṇíbhiḥ)
with hands (metaphor for hooves)
Stanza 2.31.3
उ॒त स्य न॒ इन्द्रो॑ वि॒श्वच॑र्षणिर्दि॒वः शर्धे॑न॒ मारु॑तेन सु॒क्रतुः॑ | अनु॒ नु स्था॑त्यवृ॒काभि॑रू॒तिभी॒ रथं॑ म॒हे स॒नये॒ वाज॑सातये ||
utá syá na índro viśvácarṣaṇir diváḥ śárdhena mā́rutena sukrátuḥ ánu nú sthāty avr̥kā́bhir ūtíbhī rátham mahé sanáye vā́jasātaye
Or may our Indra, the friend of all people, come from heaven with the Marut storm-troop, wise and powerful! May he follow us with his protective help, free from enemies, to our chariot, for great gain and victory!
This verse calls upon Indra, the king of gods, to join the divine chariot's journey. Indra is described as the 'friend of all mankind' and is invoked to come from heaven with the Marut host, his powerful companions. The plea is for his wise presence and protection, symbolized by 'foe-less' aid, to ensure the chariot reaches its destination for great gain and success.
Meter: Jagati
- A. उत स्य न इन्द्रो वि॒श्वच॑र्षणिः utá syá naḥ índraḥ viśvácarṣaṇiḥ (12 syllables)
- B. दि॒वः शर्धे॑न मारु॑तेन सु॒क्रतुः diváḥ śárdhena mā́rutena sukrátuḥ (12 syllables)
- C. अनु नु स्था॒त्यवृ॒काभि॑रू॒तिभी रथं म॒हे ánu nú sthāti avr̥kā́bhiḥ ūtíbhiḥ (12 syllables)
- D. स॒नये वाज॑सातये वाज॑सातये वाज॑सातये rátham mahé sanáye vā́jasātaye (12 syllables)
उत (utá)
or
स्य (syá)
this
न (naḥ)
our
इन्द्रो (índraḥ)
Indra
वि॒श्वच॑र्षणिः (viśvácarṣaṇiḥ)
seeing all/friend of all mankind
दि॒वः (diváḥ)
from heaven
शर्धे॑न (śárdhena)
with the troop/army
मारु॑तेन (mā́rutena)
with the Maruts
सु॒क्रतुः (sukrátuḥ)
wise/skillful
अनु (ánu)
following
नु (nú)
now/indeed
स्था॒त्यवृ॒काभि॑रू॒तिभी (sthāti)
may he stand/follow
रथं (avr̥kā́bhiḥ)
without foes/harm
म॒हे (ūtíbhiḥ)
with help/protection
स॒नये (rátham)
chariot
वाज॑सातये (mahé)
for great
वाज॑सातये (sanáye)
for gain/acquisition
वाज॑सातये (vā́jasātaye)
for winning strength/food
Stanza 2.31.4
उ॒त स्य दे॒वो भुव॑नस्य स॒क्षणि॒स्त्वष्टा॒ ग्नाभिः॑ स॒जोषा॑ जूजुव॒द्रथ॑म् | इळा॒ भगो॑ बृहद्दि॒वोत रोद॑सी पू॒षा पुरं॑धिर॒श्विना॒वधा॒ पती॑ ||
utá syá devó bhúvanasya sakṣáṇis tváṣṭā gnā́bhiḥ sajóṣā jūjuvad rátham íḷā bhágo br̥haddivótá ródasī pūṣā́ púraṁdhir aśvínāv ádhā pátī
And may that god Tvashṭar, ruler of the universe, together with the goddesses, speed our chariot! May Iḷā, Bhaga, Bṛhaddivā, and the twin deities Heaven and Earth, Pūṣan, Puraṃdhi, and the Lords Aśvins, join in!
This verse invokes several other deities to propel the chariot. Tvashṭar, the divine craftsman, is mentioned along with the 'Goddesses' (gnā́bhiḥ), and they are asked to speed the chariot forward. Then, a list of deities follows: Iḷā (earthly sustenance), Bhaga (fortune), Bṛhaddivā (a divine being, possibly related to heaven), the twin deities Ródasī (heaven and earth), Pūṣan (the nourisher), Puraṃdhi (plenty), and the divine physicians Aśvins, all portrayed as ruling Lords.
Meter: Jagati
- A. पू॒षा स्य दे॒वः भुव॑नस स॒क्षणिः utá syá deváḥ bhúvanasya sakṣáṇiḥ (12 syllables)
- B. त्वष्टा ग्नाभिः सजोषा जूजुव॒द्रथं इळा tváṣṭā gnā́bhiḥ sajóṣāḥ jūjuvat rátham (12 syllables)
- C. भगो बृ॒हद्दि॒वोत रोद॑सी पू॒षा पु॒रं॑धिर॒श्विना íḷā bhágaḥ br̥haddivā́ utá ródasī (12 syllables)
- D. अधा पती अधा पती पती pūṣā́ púraṃdhiḥ aśvínau ádha + pátī (12 syllables)
पू॒षा (utá)
and
स्य (syá)
that
दे॒वः (deváḥ)
god
भुव॑नस (bhúvanasya)
of the universe/world
स॒क्षणिः (sakṣáṇiḥ)
powerful supporter/ruler
त्वष्टा (tváṣṭā)
Tvashṭar (divine craftsman)
ग्नाभिः (gnā́bhiḥ)
with the goddesses
सजोषा (sajóṣāḥ)
in unison/agreeing
जूजुव॒द्रथं (jūjuvat)
may he speed/make active
इळा (rátham)
chariot
भगो (íḷā)
Iḷā (goddess of earth/sustenance)
बृ॒हद्दि॒वोत (bhágaḥ)
Bhaga (god of fortune)
रोद॑सी (br̥haddivā́)
Bṛhaddivā (divine name)
पू॒षा (utá)
and
पु॒रं॑धिर॒श्विना (ródasī)
Heaven and Earth (twin deities)
अधा (pūṣā́)
Pūṣan (nourisher)
पती (púraṃdhiḥ)
Puraṃdhi (goddess of plenty)
अधा (aśvínau)
the Aśvins (divine twin physicians)
पती (ádha +)
and
पती (pátī)
Lords/Masters
Stanza 2.31.5
उ॒त त्ये दे॒वी सु॒भगे॑ मिथू॒दृशो॒षासा॒नक्ता॒ जग॑तामपी॒जुवा॑ | स्तु॒षे यद्वां॑ पृथिवि॒ नव्य॑सा॒ वचः॑ स्था॒तुश्च॒ वय॒स्त्रिव॑या उप॒स्तिरे॑ ||
utá tyé devī́ subháge mithūdŕ̥śoṣā́sānáktā jágatām apījúvā stuṣé yád vām pr̥thivi návyasā váca sthātúś ca váyas trívayā upastíre
And what about those two blessed goddesses, Dawn and Night, who appear alternately and stir all the world? While with my newest words I praise you both, O Earth, may you provide sustenance, even from that which is still, in threefold abundance!
This verse addresses the twin goddesses Uṣas (Dawn) and Nakta (Night), who are described as blessed and alternating in their appearance. They are credited with stirring all of creation. The speaker then offers a new song of praise to them, and to Earth, hoping that from the static (non-moving) realm, they will bring forth abundant provisions in three ways or forms.
Meter: Jagati
- A. उत त्ये दे॒वी सु॒भगे॑ मिथू॒दृशो utá tyé devī́ subháge mithūdŕ̥śā (12 syllables)
- B. उ॒षासा॒नक्ता जग॑ताम अपी॒जुवा uṣā́sānáktā jágatām apījúvā (12 syllables)
- C. स्तु॒षे यद्वां पृथिवि नव्य॑सा वचः स्था॒तुश्च stuṣé yát vām pr̥thivi návyasā vácaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. वय॒त्रिव॑या उप॒स्तिरे॑ त्रिव॑या उप॒स्तिरे॑ उप॒स्तिरे॑ sthātúḥ ca váyaḥ trívayāḥ upastíre (12 syllables)
उत (utá)
and
त्ये (tyé)
those two
दे॒वी (devī́)
goddesses
सु॒भगे॑ (subháge)
blessed/fortunate
मिथू॒दृशो (mithūdŕ̥śā)
seen alternately/each other
उ॒षासा॒नक्ता (uṣā́sānáktā)
Dawn and Night
जग॑ताम (jágatām)
of the moving/world
अपी॒जुवा (apījúvā)
stirring/making active
स्तु॒षे (stuṣé)
I praise
यद्वां (yát)
that
पृथिवि (vām)
you two
नव्य॑सा (pr̥thivi)
O Earth
वचः (návyasā)
newest/recent
स्था॒तुश्च (vácaḥ)
with words/song
वय॒त्रिव॑या (sthātúḥ)
of the unmoving/still
उप॒स्तिरे॑ (ca)
and
त्रिव॑या (váyaḥ)
food/sustenance
उप॒स्तिरे॑ (trívayāḥ)
threefold
उप॒स्तिरे॑ (upastíre)
may spread/provide
Stanza 2.31.6
उ॒त वः॒ शंस॑मु॒शिजा॑मिव श्म॒स्यहि॑र्बु॒ध्न्यो॒३॒॑ऽज एक॑पादु॒त | त्रि॒त ऋ॑भु॒क्षाः स॑वि॒ता चनो॑ दधे॒ऽपां नपा॑दाशु॒हेमा॑ धि॒या शमि॑ ||
utá vaḥ śáṁsam uśíjām iva śmasy áhir budhnyò 'já ékapād utá tritá r̥bhukṣā́ḥ savitā́ cáno dadhe 'pā́ṁ nápād āśuhémā dhiyā́ śámi
May we receive your blessings, O divine beings! Like those who desire, may Ahi Budhnya, Aja Ekapad, Trita, R̥bhukshan, and Savitar accept our offerings. May Apām Napāt also favor our devotion and skill!
This verse invokes a series of powerful, often symbolic deities, asking for their favor and presence. These include Ahi Budhnya (the serpent of the deep), Aja Ekapad (the one-footed goat), Trita (a heroic figure), R̥bhukṣan (a divine artisan), Savitar (the impeller), and Apām Napāt (the son of waters). The prayer is for their blessings, desires, and for favorable reception of the worshippers' prayers and offerings.
Meter: Jagati
- A. चनो वः शंस॑मु उ॒शिजा॑मिव श्मस्यहि॑र्बु॒ध्न्यो अज utá vaḥ śáṃsam uśíjām iva śmasi (12 syllables)
- B. एकपादु त ऋभु॒क्षाः सवि॒ चनो áhiḥ budhnyàḥ ajáḥ ékapāt utá (12 syllables)
- C. दधे अपां धि॒या शमि tritáḥ r̥bhukṣā́ḥ savitā́ cánaḥ dadhe (12 syllables)
- D. शमि शमि शमि शमि शमि apā́m nápāt āśuhémā dhiyā́ śámi (12 syllables)
चनो (utá)
and
वः (vaḥ)
your
शंस॑मु (śáṃsam)
blessing/favor
उ॒शिजा॑मिव (uśíjām)
of the desiring/worshippers
श्मस्यहि॑र्बु॒ध्न्यो (iva)
like
अज (śmasi)
we desire/wish
एकपादु (áhiḥ)
serpent
त (budhnyàḥ)
of the deep
ऋभु॒क्षाः (ajáḥ)
goat
सवि॒ (ékapāt)
one-footed
चनो (utá)
and
दधे (tritáḥ)
Trita (heroic figure)
अपां (r̥bhukṣā́ḥ)
R̥bhukṣan (divine artisan)
(savitā́)
धि॒या (cánaḥ)
favor/joy
शमि (dadhe)
may accept/place
शमि (apā́m)
of the waters
शमि (nápāt)
son (Apām Napāt)
शमि (āśuhémā)
swift/powerful
शमि (dhiyā́)
with devotion/thought
शमि (śámi)
with skill/peace
Stanza 2.31.7
ए॒ता वो॑ व॒श्म्युद्य॑ता यजत्रा॒ अत॑क्षन्ना॒यवो॒ नव्य॑से॒ सम् | श्र॒व॒स्यवो॒ वाजं॑ चका॒नाः सप्ति॒र्न रथ्यो॒ अह॑ धी॒तिम॑श्याः ||
etā́ vo vaśmy údyatā yajatrā átakṣann āyávo návyase sám śravasyávo vā́jaṁ cakānā́ḥ sáptir ná ráthyo áha dhītím aśyāḥ
These are the prayers I desire from you, O worthy ones! We, who seek glory, have fashioned these new prayers. Eager for wealth and fame, may our prayer reach you, like a chariot-horse reaching its goal, so that you may notice our devotion!
In this concluding verse, the speaker expresses their earnest desire ('vaśmi') for the divine beings' attention and favor. They state that these prayers ('dyatā yajatrāḥ') have been carefully crafted ('atakṣan') by those eager for renown ('āyávaḥ śravasyávaḥ'). The goal is to win glory and wealth ('vājam'). The verse concludes with a simile, comparing the effectiveness of their prayer to a chariot-horse ('saptir na rathyàḥ') reaching its destination and hoping it catches the divine notice ('dhītim aśyāḥ').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. एता वो व॒श्म्युद्य॑ता यजत्रा अत॑क्षन्ना etā́ vaḥ vaśmi údyatā yajatrāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. आयवो नव्य॑से सम् श्र॒व॒स्यवो átakṣan āyávaḥ návyase sám (11 syllables)
- C. वाजं चका॒नाः सप्ति॒र्न śravasyávaḥ vā́jam cakānā́ḥ (9 syllables)
- D. रथ्यो अह धी॒तिम॑श्याः अह अश्याः अश्याः sáptiḥ ná ráthyaḥ áha dhītím aśyāḥ (11 syllables)
एता (etā́)
these
वो (vaḥ)
from you
व॒श्म्युद्य॑ता (vaśmi)
I desire/wish
यजत्रा (údyatā)
raised/prepared
अत॑क्षन्ना (yajatrāḥ)
O worthy of worship
आयवो (átakṣan)
have fashioned/made
नव्य॑से (āyávaḥ)
eager ones/living beings
सम् (návyase)
for the new
श्र॒व॒स्यवो (sám)
together/completely
वाजं (śravasyávaḥ)
desiring glory
चका॒नाः (vā́jam)
wealth/prize
सप्ति॒र्न (cakānā́ḥ)
rejoicing/desiring
रथ्यो (sáptiḥ)
horse
अह (ná)
like
धी॒तिम॑श्याः (ráthyaḥ)
chariot-horse
अह (áha)
goal/mark
अश्याः (dhītím)
attention/notice
अश्याः (aśyāḥ)
may I reach/attain