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Stanza 10.91.1
सं जा॑गृ॒वद्भि॒र्जर॑माण इध्यते॒ दमे॒ दमू॑ना इ॒षय॑न्नि॒ळस्प॒दे | विश्व॑स्य॒ होता॑ ह॒विषो॒ वरे॑ण्यो वि॒भुर्वि॒भावा॑ सु॒षखा॑ सखीय॒ते ||
sáṁ jāgr̥vádbhir járamāṇa idhyate dáme dámūnā iṣáyann iḷás padé víśvasya hótā havíṣo váreṇyo vibhúr vibhā́vā suṣákhā sakhīyaté
Agni, awake and hymned by those who are watchful, is kindled in the home. He is the priest of all offerings, worthy of selection, all-pervading, and radiant. He is a close friend to those who cherish him.
This stanza introduces Agni as a deity who is kindled in the home, praised by those who are awake, and who presides over the ritual. He is described as the "Hotar" (priest who invokes), worthy of choice, all-pervading, radiant, and a trustworthy companion. His dwelling place is associated with 'Ila', a goddess of nourishment and speech, signifying his role in providing sustenance and facilitating communication.
Meter: Jagati
- A. सं जागृ॒वद्भिः जर॑माण इध्यते sám jāgr̥vádbhiḥ járamāṇaḥ idhyate (12 syllables)
- B. दमे दमू॑ना इष॑यन् इळः पदे dáme dámūnāḥ iṣáyan iḷáḥ padé (12 syllables)
- C. विश्वस्य होता हविषः वरे॑ण्य víśvasya hótā havíṣaḥ váreṇyaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. विभुः विभावा सुषखा सखीयते vibhúḥ vibhā́vā suṣákhā sakhīyaté (12 syllables)
सं (sám)
together
जागृ॒वद्भिः (jāgr̥vádbhiḥ)
by the awakened
जर॑माण (járamāṇaḥ)
being hymned
इध्यते (idhyate)
is kindled
दमे (dáme)
in the house
दमू॑ना (dámūnāḥ)
dwelling in the house
इष॑यन् (iṣáyan)
dwelling
इळः (iḷáḥ)
of Ila (goddess of speech/nourishment)
पदे (padé)
in the place
विश्वस्य (víśvasya)
of all
होता (hótā)
the invoker/priest
हविषः (havíṣaḥ)
of the offering
वरे॑ण्य (váreṇyaḥ)
worthy of choice
विभुः (vibhúḥ)
all-pervading
विभावा (vibhā́vā)
radiant, luminous
सुषखा (suṣákhā)
good friend
सखीयते (sakhīyaté)
is a companion to
Stanza 10.91.2
स द॑र्शत॒श्रीरति॑थिर्गृ॒हेगृ॑हे॒ वने॑वने शिश्रिये तक्व॒वीरि॑व | जनं॑जनं॒ जन्यो॒ नाति॑ मन्यते॒ विश॒ आ क्षे॑ति वि॒श्यो॒३॒॑ विशं॑विशम् ||
sá darśataśrī́r átithir gr̥hé-gr̥he váne-vane śiśriye takvavī́r iva jánaṁ-janaṁ jányo nā́ti manyate víśa ā́ kṣeti viśyò víśaṁ viśam
He, possessing brilliant glory, is a guest in every house and dwells in every forest. Like a swift bird, he settles everywhere. Benevolent towards all people, he disdains no one; he dwells with every community, being their friend.
This verse continues the description of Agni, portraying him as a guest in every home and a presence in every natural setting ('vanes'). His glory is 'darśataśrīḥ'. He is compared to a swift bird ('takvavīri') finding a home. Agni is benevolent and does not scorn anyone, dwelling with and being a friend to all people and communities.
Meter: Jagati
- A. स द॑र्शतश्रीः अति॑थिः गृ॒हेगृ॑हे sá darśataśrī́ḥ átithiḥ gr̥hé-gr̥he (12 syllables)
- B. वने॑वने शिश्रिये तक्व॒वीः इव váne-vane śiśriye takvavī́ḥ iva (12 syllables)
- C. जनं॑जनं जन्यः नाति अति मन्यते jánaṃ-janam jányaḥ ná áti manyate (12 syllables)
- D. विश आ क्षेति विश्यो विशं॑विशम् víśaḥ ā́ kṣeti viśyàḥ víśaṃ-viśam (12 syllables)
स (sá)
he
द॑र्शतश्रीः (darśataśrī́ḥ)
possessing visible glory
अति॑थिः (átithiḥ)
guest
गृ॒हेगृ॑हे (gr̥hé-gr̥he)
in each house
वने॑वने (váne-vane)
in each forest
शिश्रिये (śiśriye)
settled, resided
तक्व॒वीः (takvavī́ḥ)
swift-moving bird
इव (iva)
like
जनं॑जनं (jánaṃ-janam)
each person
जन्यः (jányaḥ)
benevolent
नाति (ná)
not
अति (áti)
beyond, exceedingly
मन्यते (manyate)
he thinks, considers
विश (víśaḥ)
communities, people
आ (ā́)
towards
क्षेति (kṣeti)
dwells
विश्यो (viśyàḥ)
of the community
विशं॑विशम् (víśaṃ-viśam)
each community
Stanza 10.91.3
सु॒दक्षो॒ दक्षैः॒ क्रतु॑नासि सु॒क्रतु॒रग्ने॑ क॒विः काव्ये॑नासि विश्व॒वित् | वसु॒र्वसू॑नां क्षयसि॒ त्वमेक॒ इद्द्यावा॑ च॒ यानि॑ पृथि॒वी च॒ पुष्य॑तः ||
sudákṣo dákṣaiḥ krátunāsi sukrátur ágne kavíḥ kā́vyenāsi viśvavít vásur vásūnāṁ kṣayasi tvám éka íd dyā́vā ca yā́ni pr̥thivī́ ca púṣyataḥ
O Agni, you are supremely capable with your powers, and possess great intellect. You are wise with wisdom, knowing all things. You are the wealth of wealths, the sole ruler. You sustain both heaven and earth, and all that they produce.
Agni is praised for his wisdom and power. He is described as 'sudakṣaḥ' (very capable) and 'sukratuḥ' (possessing great will/intellect), wise ('kaviḥ') and all-knowing ('viśvavit'). He is also called 'Vasu' (wealth-giver) and is the sole lord of riches. The stanza concludes by stating that Agni alone sustains the vast creations of the sky and earth.
Meter: Jagati
- A. सु॒दक्षो दक्षैः क्रतु॑ना आसि सु॒क्रतुः sudákṣaḥ dákṣaiḥ krátunā asi sukrátuḥ (12 syllables)
- B. अग्ने कविः काव्ये॑ना आसि विश्व॒वित् ágne kavíḥ kā́vyena asi viśvavít (12 syllables)
- C. वसुः वसू॒नां क्षयसि त्वमे क इद् vásuḥ vásūnām kṣayasi tvám ékaḥ ít (12 syllables)
- D. द्यावा च यानि पृथि॒वी च पुष्य॑तः dyā́vā ca yā́ni pr̥thivī́ ca púṣyataḥ (12 syllables)
सु॒दक्षो (sudákṣaḥ)
very capable
दक्षैः (dákṣaiḥ)
with abilities
क्रतु॑ना (krátunā)
with will/power
आसि (asi)
you are
सु॒क्रतुः (sukrátuḥ)
possessing great will/intellect
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
कविः (kavíḥ)
wise, seer
काव्ये॑ना (kā́vyena)
with wisdom
आसि (asi)
you are
विश्व॒वित् (viśvavít)
knowing all
वसुः (vásuḥ)
wealth, treasure
वसू॒नां (vásūnām)
of treasures
क्षयसि (kṣayasi)
you rule
त्वमे (tvám)
you
क (ékaḥ)
alone
इद् (ít)
indeed
द्यावा (dyā́vā)
sky
च (ca)
and
यानि (yā́ni)
which
पृथि॒वी (pr̥thivī́)
earth
च (ca)
and
पुष्य॑तः (púṣyataḥ)
they nourish/sustain
Stanza 10.91.4
प्र॒जा॒नन्न॑ग्ने॒ तव॒ योनि॑मृ॒त्विय॒मिळा॑यास्प॒दे घृ॒तव॑न्त॒मास॑दः | आ ते॑ चिकित्र उ॒षसा॑मि॒वेत॑योऽरे॒पसः॒ सूर्य॑स्येव र॒श्मयः॑ ||
prajānánn agne táva yónim r̥tvíyam íḷāyās padé ghr̥távantam ā́sadaḥ ā́ te cikitra uṣásām ivétayo 'repásaḥ sū́ryasyeva raśmáyaḥ
O Agni, knowing your proper place, you have occupied your destined, ghee-anointed station in the realm of Ila. Your arrivals are marked, like the dawns, and your pure rays are like those of the sun.
This stanza describes Agni's foreknowledge and his divinely appointed place ('yoni') within the ritual space associated with Ila. This place is described as 'ghṛtavantam', meaning 'filled with ghee' or 'auspicious'. Agni's arrival is likened to the successive arrivals of the dawns and the spotless rays of the sun, highlighting his radiant and purifying nature.
Meter: Jagati
- A. प्र॒जा॒नन्न॑ तव योनि॑म ऋ॒त्विय prajānán agne táva yónim r̥tvíyam (12 syllables)
- B. इळा॑या पदे घृ॒तव॑न्त आ आस॑दः íḷāyāḥ padé ghr̥távantam ā́ asadaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. आ ते चिकि॑त्रे उ॒षसां इव एत॑यो ā́ te cikitre uṣásām iva étayaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. अरे॒पसः सूर्यस्य इव र॒श्मयः arepásaḥ sū́ryasya iva raśmáyaḥ (12 syllables)
प्र॒जा॒नन्न॑ (prajānán)
knowing beforehand
(agne)
तव (táva)
your
योनि॑म (yónim)
place, seat
ऋ॒त्विय (r̥tvíyam)
seasonally appointed, regular
इळा॑या (íḷāyāḥ)
of Ila (goddess of speech/nourishment)
पदे (padé)
in the place
घृ॒तव॑न्त (ghr̥távantam)
anointed with ghee, auspicious
आ (ā́)
at
आस॑दः (asadaḥ)
you have sat down
आ (ā́)
at
ते (te)
your
चिकि॑त्रे (cikitre)
are recognized, perceived
उ॒षसां (uṣásām)
of the dawns
इव (iva)
like
एत॑यो (étayaḥ)
these arrivals
अरे॒पसः (arepásaḥ)
spotless
सूर्यस्य (sū́ryasya)
of the sun
इव (iva)
like
र॒श्मयः (raśmáyaḥ)
rays
Stanza 10.91.5
तव॒ श्रियो॑ व॒र्ष्य॑स्येव वि॒द्युत॑श्चि॒त्राश्चि॑कित्र उ॒षसां॒ न के॒तवः॑ | यदोष॑धीर॒भिसृ॑ष्टो॒ वना॑नि च॒ परि॑ स्व॒यं चि॑नु॒षे अन्न॑मा॒स्ये॑ ||
táva śríyo varṣyàsyeva vidyútaś citrā́ś cikitra uṣásāṁ ná ketávaḥ yád óṣadhīr abhísr̥ṣṭo vánāni ca pári svayáṁ cinuṣé ánnam āsyè
Your glories are like colorful lightning from the rain-cloud, and like signals of the dawns. When you are released, you gather plants and forests, and consume them by yourself.
The glories of Agni are compared to colorful, bright lightning flashes emanating from the rain cloud. These glories are like 'ketavaḥ', signifying signals or banners, possibly heralding the arrival of the dawns. The stanza then describes Agni's self-sufficient action of gathering and consuming plants and forests, symbolizing his sustenance and power.
Meter: Jagati
- A. तव श्रियः वर्ष्य॑स्येव इव विद्युत táva śríyaḥ varṣyàsya iva vidyútaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. चित्राः चिकि॑त्रे उषसां न के॒तवः citrā́ḥ cikitre uṣásām ná ketávaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. यद ोष॑धी अभिसृ॑ष्टो वना॑नि च yát óṣadhīḥ abhísr̥ṣṭaḥ vánāni ca (12 syllables)
- D. परि स्वयं चिनु॒षे अन्न॑मा आस्ये॑ pári svayám cinuṣé ánnam āsyè (12 syllables)
तव (táva)
your
श्रियः (śríyaḥ)
glories, splendors
वर्ष्य॑स्येव (varṣyàsya)
of the rain-bearing
इव (iva)
like
विद्युत (vidyútaḥ)
lightnings
चित्राः (citrā́ḥ)
colorful, variegated
चिकि॑त्रे (cikitre)
are perceived, appear
उषसां (uṣásām)
of the dawns
न (ná)
like
के॒तवः (ketávaḥ)
signals, banners
यद (yát)
when
ोष॑धी (óṣadhīḥ)
herbs, plants
अभिसृ॑ष्टो (abhísr̥ṣṭaḥ)
released, set free
वना॑नि (vánāni)
forests
च (ca)
and
परि (pári)
around, completely
स्वयं (svayám)
by yourself
चिनु॒षे (cinuṣé)
you gather, collect
अन्न॑मा (ánnam)
food
आस्ये॑ (āsyè)
in the mouth
Stanza 10.91.6
तमोष॑धीर्दधिरे॒ गर्भ॑मृ॒त्वियं॒ तमापो॑ अ॒ग्निं ज॑नयन्त मा॒तरः॑ | तमित्स॑मा॒नं व॒निन॑श्च वी॒रुधो॒ऽन्तर्व॑तीश्च॒ सुव॑ते च वि॒श्वहा॑ ||
tám óṣadhīr dadhire gárbham r̥tvíyaṁ tám ā́po agníṁ janayanta mātáraḥ tám ít samānáṁ vanínaś ca vīrúdho 'ntárvatīś ca súvate ca viśváhā
Plants received him as their germ, and the waters, like mothers, gave birth to Agni. The forest trees and plants also carry him within and produce him always.
This stanza speaks of the origin of Agni. Plants ('oṣadhīḥ') received him as their germ ('garbham'), and the waters ('āpaḥ'), like mothers, gave birth to him. Similarly, trees ('vaninaḥ') and other plants ('vīrúdhaḥ') carry and produce him continuously, implying Agni's presence and regeneration in all natural elements.
Meter: Jagati
- A. तमि ोष॑धी दधिरे गर्भ॑म ऋ॒त्वियं tám óṣadhīḥ dadhire gárbham r̥tvíyam (12 syllables)
- B. तमि आपो अग्निं जनयन्त मा॒तरः tám ā́paḥ agním janayanta mātáraḥ (12 syllables)
- C. तमि इत् समानं वनिन॑ च वी॒रुधो tám ít samānám vanínaḥ ca vīrúdhaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. अन्तर्व॑ती च सु॒वते च विश्वहा antárvatīḥ ca súvate ca viśváhā (12 syllables)
तमि (tám)
him
ोष॑धी (óṣadhīḥ)
herbs, plants
दधिरे (dadhire)
received, held
गर्भ॑म (gárbham)
germ, embryo
ऋ॒त्वियं (r̥tvíyam)
seasonally appropriate, germinal
तमि (tám)
him
आपो (ā́paḥ)
waters
अग्निं (agním)
Agni
जनयन्त (janayanta)
gave birth to
मा॒तरः (mātáraḥ)
mothers
तमि (tám)
him
इत् (ít)
indeed
समानं (samānám)
similarly, equally
वनिन॑ (vanínaḥ)
forest trees
च (ca)
and
वी॒रुधो (vīrúdhaḥ)
plants, herbs
अन्तर्व॑ती (antárvatīḥ)
carrying within
च (ca)
and
सु॒वते (súvate)
produce, generate
च (ca)
and
विश्वहा (viśváhā)
always, all-creating
Stanza 10.91.7
वातो॑पधूत इषि॒तो वशाँ॒ अनु॑ तृ॒षु यदन्ना॒ वेवि॑षद्वि॒तिष्ठ॑से | आ ते॑ यतन्ते र॒थ्यो॒३॒॑ यथा॒ पृथ॒क्छर्धां॑स्यग्ने अ॒जरा॑णि॒ धक्ष॑तः ||
vā́topadhūta iṣitó váśām̐ ánu tr̥ṣú yád ánnā véviṣad vitíṣṭhase ā́ te yatante rathyò yáthā pŕ̥thak chárdhāṁsy agne ajárāṇi dhákṣataḥ
Urged by the wind and sent forth, you spread through food according to your will. Your unfading powers strive, O Agni, like men in chariots, on every side.
Agni's movement and power are described here. He is urged on by the wind ('vātopadhūtaḥ') and swift in his purpose ('iṣitaḥ'). He penetrates his 'food' ('annam' - likely fuel or offerings) according to his desire ('vaśān anu'). His flames ('śardhāṃsi') are described as inexhaustible ('ajarāṇi') and constantly striving, like warriors in chariots, to consume.
Meter: Jagati
- A. वातो॑पधूत इषि॒तः वशाँ अनु vā́topadhūtaḥ iṣitáḥ váśān ánu (12 syllables)
- B. तृ॒षु यद अन्ना वेवि॑षद वि॒तिष्ठ॑से tr̥ṣú yát ánnā véviṣat vitíṣṭhase (12 syllables)
- C. आ ते यतन्ते रथ्यो यथा पृ॒थक् ā́ te yatante rathyàḥ yáthā pŕ̥thak (12 syllables)
- D. शर्धां॑स्य अग्ने अ॒जरा॑णि धक्ष॑तः śárdhāṃsi agne ajárāṇi dhákṣataḥ (12 syllables)
वातो॑पधूत (vā́topadhūtaḥ)
agitated by wind
इषि॒तः (iṣitáḥ)
sent, urged
वशाँ (váśān)
desires, according to will
अनु (ánu)
along, according to
तृ॒षु (tr̥ṣú)
thirstily, intensely
यद (yát)
when
अन्ना (ánnā)
foods
वेवि॑षद (véviṣat)
penetrating, pervading
वि॒तिष्ठ॑से (vitíṣṭhase)
you spread out
आ (ā́)
towards
ते (te)
your
यतन्ते (yatante)
they strive
रथ्यो (rathyàḥ)
charioteers, warriors in chariots
यथा (yáthā)
as
पृ॒थक् (pŕ̥thak)
separately, severally
शर्धां॑स्य (śárdhāṃsi)
powers, strengths, flames
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अ॒जरा॑णि (ajárāṇi)
non-aging, inexhaustible
धक्ष॑तः (dhákṣataḥ)
to consume, to bear
Stanza 10.91.8
मे॒धा॒का॒रं वि॒दथ॑स्य प्र॒साध॑नम॒ग्निं होता॑रं परि॒भूत॑मं म॒तिम् | तमिदर्भे॑ ह॒विष्या स॑मा॒नमित्तमिन्म॒हे वृ॑णते॒ नान्यं त्वत् ||
medhākāráṁ vidáthasya prasā́dhanam agníṁ hótāram paribhū́tamam matím tám íd árbhe havíṣy ā́ samānám ít tám ín mahé vr̥ṇate nā́nyáṁ tvát
Agni, the maker of wisdom, the establisher of assemblies, the supreme Hotar priest, the object of devotion – him, indeed, man elects for great offerings, none other than you.
This verse extols Agni as the maker of wisdom ('medhākāram') and the establisher ('prasādhanam') of assemblies ('vidathasya'). He is the Hotar priest, supremely honored ('paribhūtamam'), and the object of devotion ('matim'). Humans choose him, and no other, for worship in both small and great rituals.
Meter: Jagati
- A. मे॒धा॒कारं वि॒दथ॑स्य प्र॒साध॑नम medhākārám vidáthasya prasā́dhanam (12 syllables)
- B. अग्निं होता॑रं परि॒भूत॑म मतिम् agním hótāram paribhū́tamam matím (12 syllables)
- C. त इत् अ॒र्भे ह॒वि॒षि आ समानं इत् tám ít árbhe havíṣi ā́ samānám ít (12 syllables)
- D. त इत् म॒हे वृ॒णते न अन्यं त्वत् tám ít mahé vr̥ṇate ná anyám tvát (12 syllables)
मे॒धा॒कारं (medhākārám)
maker of wisdom
वि॒दथ॑स्य (vidáthasya)
of the assembly, session
प्र॒साध॑नम (prasā́dhanam)
establisher, arranger
अग्निं (agním)
Agni
होता॑रं (hótāram)
the Hotar priest
परि॒भूत॑म (paribhū́tamam)
supremely honored, all-encompassing
मतिम् (matím)
thought, devotion
त (tám)
him
इत् (ít)
indeed
अ॒र्भे (árbhe)
in small things
ह॒वि॒षि (havíṣi)
in offerings
आ (ā́)
towards
समानं (samānám)
equally, in the same way
इत् (ít)
indeed
त (tám)
him
इत् (ít)
indeed
म॒हे (mahé)
in great things
वृ॒णते (vr̥ṇate)
elects, chooses
न (ná)
not
अन्यं (anyám)
another
त्वत् (tvát)
than you
Stanza 10.91.9
त्वामिदत्र॑ वृणते त्वा॒यवो॒ होता॑रमग्ने वि॒दथे॑षु वे॒धसः॑ | यद्दे॑व॒यन्तो॒ दध॑ति॒ प्रयां॑सि ते ह॒विष्म॑न्तो॒ मन॑वो वृ॒क्तब॑र्हिषः ||
tvā́m íd átra vr̥ṇate tvāyávo hótāram agne vidátheṣu vedhásaḥ yád devayánto dádhati práyāṁsi te havíṣmanto mánavo vr̥ktábarhiṣaḥ
Here, those devoted to you, O Agni, the wise organizers, choose you as their priest in assemblies. When men, seeking the divine, offer you their praises and offerings, with prepared grass and oblations.
This verse states that those who are devoted ('tvāyavaḥ') and wise organizers ('vedhasaḥ') choose Agni as their Hotar priest in sacred gatherings ('vidathesu'). When humans, seeking the divine ('devayantaḥ'), offer him their praise and oblations ('prayāṃsi'), with sacrificial grass ('vr̥ktabarhiṣaḥ') and offerings ('haviṣmantaḥ'), they do so to him.
Meter: Jagati
- A. त्वा इद् अत्र वृ॒णते त्वा॒यवो tvā́m ít átra vr̥ṇate tvāyávaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. होता॑र अग्ने वि॒दथ॑षु वे॒धसः hótāram agne vidátheṣu vedhásaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. यद् दे॒व॒यन्त दध॑ति प्र॒यांसि ते yát devayántaḥ dádhati práyāṃsi te (12 syllables)
- D. ह॒वि॒ष्मन्तः मन॑वो वृ॒क्तब॑र्हिषः havíṣmantaḥ mánavaḥ vr̥ktábarhiṣaḥ (12 syllables)
त्वा (tvā́m)
you
इद् (ít)
indeed
अत्र (átra)
here
वृ॒णते (vr̥ṇate)
elect, choose
त्वा॒यवो (tvāyávaḥ)
desiring you
होता॑र (hótāram)
the Hotar priest
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
वि॒दथ॑षु (vidátheṣu)
in assemblies, gatherings
वे॒धसः (vedhásaḥ)
wise organizers, arrangers
यद् (yát)
when
दे॒व॒यन्त (devayántaḥ)
seeking the divine
दध॑ति (dádhati)
they place, offer
प्र॒यांसि (práyāṃsi)
offerings, oblations
ते (te)
to you
ह॒वि॒ष्मन्तः (havíṣmantaḥ)
possessing offerings
मन॑वो (mánavaḥ)
men
वृ॒क्तब॑र्हिषः (vr̥ktábarhiṣaḥ)
having strewn sacred grass
Stanza 10.91.10
तवा॑ग्ने हो॒त्रं तव॑ पो॒त्रमृ॒त्वियं॒ तव॑ ने॒ष्ट्रं त्वम॒ग्निदृ॑ताय॒तः | तव॑ प्रशा॒स्त्रं त्वम॑ध्वरीयसि ब्र॒ह्मा चासि॑ गृ॒हप॑तिश्च नो॒ दमे॑ ||
távāgne hotráṁ táva potrám r̥tvíyaṁ táva neṣṭráṁ tvám agníd r̥tāyatáḥ táva praśāstráṁ tvám adhvarīyasi brahmā́ cā́si gr̥hápatiś ca no dáme
Yours is the role of invoking, yours the purifying, yours the leading, and you are the kindler. Yours is the directing, you perform the sacrifice. You are the Brahman and the house-master in our home.
This verse details Agni's multifaceted priestly roles. His functions include 'hotram' (invoking), 'potram' (purifying), 'neṣtram' (leading), and 'agnidham' (kindling). He is also the 'prakāśastram' (director) and the one who performs the ritual ('adhvarīyasi'). Finally, he is identified as the 'Brahman' (reciter of sacred texts) and the 'gr̥hapati' (master of the house), signifying his complete involvement in the ritual and domestic sphere.
Meter: Jagati
- A. तव अग्ने हो॒त्रं तव पो॒त्रमृ त्वियं táva agne hotrám táva potrám r̥tvíyam (12 syllables)
- B. तव ने॒ष्ट्रं त्वम ताय॒तः táva neṣṭrám tvám agnít r̥tāyatáḥ (12 syllables)
- C. तव प्रशा॒स्त्रं त्वम अध्वरीयसि táva praśāstrám tvám adhvarīyasi (12 syllables)
- D. ब्रह्मा च आसि गृ॒हप॑ति च नः दमे brahmā́ ca ási gr̥hápatiḥ ca naḥ dáme (12 syllables)
तव (táva)
yours
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
हो॒त्रं (hotrám)
invoking, priestly function
तव (táva)
yours
पो॒त्रमृ (potrám)
purifying, priestly function
त्वियं (r̥tvíyam)
seasonal, appropriate
तव (táva)
yours
ने॒ष्ट्रं (neṣṭrám)
leading, priestly function
त्वम (tvám)
you
(agnít)
ताय॒तः (r̥tāyatáḥ)
who performs the ritual, for the righteous
तव (táva)
yours
प्रशा॒स्त्रं (praśāstrám)
directing, priestly function
त्वम (tvám)
you
अध्वरीयसि (adhvarīyasi)
you perform the sacrifice
ब्रह्मा (brahmā́)
Brahman priest (reciter)
च (ca)
and
आसि (ási)
you are
गृ॒हप॑ति (gr̥hápatiḥ)
master of the house
च (ca)
and
नः (naḥ)
our
दमे (dáme)
in the house
Stanza 10.91.11
यस्तुभ्य॑मग्ने अ॒मृता॑य॒ मर्त्यः॑ स॒मिधा॒ दाश॑दु॒त वा॑ ह॒विष्कृ॑ति | तस्य॒ होता॑ भवसि॒ यासि॑ दू॒त्य१॒॑मुप॑ ब्रूषे॒ यज॑स्यध्वरी॒यसि॑ ||
yás túbhyam agne amŕ̥tāya mártyaḥ samídhā dā́śad utá vā havíṣkr̥ti tásya hótā bhavasi yā́si dūtyàm úpa brūṣe yájasy adhvarīyási
O Agni, if a mortal offers you fuel or offerings, you become his Hotar priest and messenger. You go to invoke, and you perform the sacrifice.
This verse addresses Agni, the immortal deity, and promises him worship. If a mortal ('martyaḥ') offers him fuel ('samidhā') or offerings ('haviṣkṛti'), Agni acts as his Hotar priest, his messenger ('dūtyam'), and performs the ritual ('yajasi', 'adhvarīyasi'), conveying the mortal's prayers to the gods. The phrase 'upā brūṣe' suggests he calls upon the deities.
Meter: Jagati
- A. य तुभ्य॑ अग्ने अ॒मृता॑य मर्त्यः yáḥ túbhyam agne amŕ̥tāya mártyaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. स॒मिधा दा॒श॑दु उत वा ह॒वि॒ष्कृ॑ति samídhā dā́śat utá vā havíṣkr̥ti (12 syllables)
- C. तस होता भवसि यासि दू॒त्य tásya hótā bhavasi yā́si dūtyàm (12 syllables)
- D. उप ब्रू॒षे यज॑स्य úpa brūṣe yájasi adhvarīyási (12 syllables)
य (yáḥ)
whoever
तुभ्य॑ (túbhyam)
to you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अ॒मृता॑य (amŕ̥tāya)
to the immortal
मर्त्यः (mártyaḥ)
mortal man
स॒मिधा (samídhā)
with fuel
दा॒श॑दु (dā́śat)
offers, sacrifices
उत (utá)
or
वा (vā)
or
ह॒वि॒ष्कृ॑ति (havíṣkr̥ti)
offering, act of offering
तस (tásya)
of him
होता (hótā)
Hotar priest
भवसि (bhavasi)
you become
यासि (yā́si)
you go
दू॒त्य (dūtyàm)
messenger role
उप (úpa)
towards
ब्रू॒षे (brūṣe)
you invoke, call upon
यज॑स्य (yájasi)
you sacrifice, worship
(adhvarīyási)
Stanza 10.91.12
इ॒मा अ॑स्मै म॒तयो॒ वाचो॑ अ॒स्मदाँ ऋचो॒ गिरः॑ सुष्टु॒तयः॒ सम॑ग्मत | व॒सू॒यवो॒ वस॑वे जा॒तवे॑दसे वृ॒द्धासु॑ चि॒द्वर्ध॑नो॒ यासु॑ चा॒कन॑त् ||
imā́ asmai matáyo vā́co asmád ā́m̐ ŕ̥co gíraḥ suṣṭutáyaḥ sám agmata vasūyávo vásave jātávedase vr̥ddhā́su cid várdhano yā́su cākánat
To him, these praises and hymns from us have come together: the verses and songs of those who desire wealth for Vasu, the knower of all births. When they grow strong, they please their strengthener.
This stanza describes the hymns and praises ('imāḥ matayaḥ', 'vācaḥ', 'ṛcaḥ', 'giraḥ', 'suṣṭutayaḥ') that have come together ('samagmat') from the devotees ('asmad') towards Agni. Those who desire wealth ('vasūyavaḥ') offer these praises to 'Jātavedas' (Agni, the knower of all births) for his wealth ('vasave'). The stanza concludes by noting that these praises, when strengthened, please their strengthener.
Meter: Jagati
- A. इमा अस्मै म॒तयो वाचो अस्मदाँ आ imā́ḥ asmai matáyaḥ vā́caḥ asmát ā́ (12 syllables)
- B. ऋचो गि॑रः सु॒स्तु॒तयः सम अग्म॑त ŕ̥caḥ gíraḥ suṣṭutáyaḥ sám agmata (12 syllables)
- C. व॒सू॒यवो वस॑वे जा॒तवे॑दसे vasūyávaḥ vásave jātávedase (12 syllables)
- D. वृ॒द्धासु चि वर्ध॑नो यासु चा॒कन॑त् vr̥ddhā́su cit várdhanaḥ yā́su cākánat (12 syllables)
इमा (imā́ḥ)
these
अस्मै (asmai)
to him
म॒तयो (matáyaḥ)
thoughts, hymns
वाचो (vā́caḥ)
words, speeches
अस्मदाँ (asmát)
from us
आ (ā́)
towards
ऋचो (ŕ̥caḥ)
verses (of the Rigveda)
गि॑रः (gíraḥ)
songs, praises
सु॒स्तु॒तयः (suṣṭutáyaḥ)
good praises, eulogies
सम (sám)
together
अग्म॑त (agmata)
came together
व॒सू॒यवो (vasūyávaḥ)
desiring wealth
वस॑वे (vásave)
for wealth
जा॒तवे॑दसे (jātávedase)
to Agni (knower of all births)
वृ॒द्धासु (vr̥ddhā́su)
when grown
चि (cit)
indeed
वर्ध॑नो (várdhanaḥ)
strengthener
यासु (yā́su)
which
चा॒कन॑त् (cākánat)
pleased, delighted
Stanza 10.91.13
इ॒मां प्र॒त्नाय॑ सुष्टु॒तिं नवी॑यसीं वो॒चेय॑मस्मा उश॒ते शृ॒णोतु॑ नः | भू॒या अन्त॑रा हृ॒द्य॑स्य नि॒स्पृशे॑ जा॒येव॒ पत्य॑ उश॒ती सु॒वासाः॑ ||
imā́m pratnā́ya suṣṭutíṁ návīyasīṁ vocéyam asmā uśaté śr̥ṇótu naḥ bhūyā́ ántarā hr̥dy àsya nispŕ̥śe jāyéva pátya uśatī́ suvā́sāḥ
May I speak this newest praise to the ancient one who desires it; may he hear us. May it come near his heart, and may he lovingly embrace it, like a well-dressed wife clinging to her husband.
The speaker expresses a desire ('vocéyam') to utter a new ('navīyasīm') praise to the ancient ('pratnāya') Agni, who desires it ('uśate'). The prayer is that Agni hears ('śr̥ṇotu') the speaker and comes close ('bhūyā antará') to the heart ('hr̥dyasya'), as a well-dressed wife ('suvāsāḥ') lovingly clings ('uśatī') to her husband ('patye').
Meter: Jagati
- A. इ॒मां प्र॒त्नाय सु॒स्तु॒तिं नवी॑यसीं imā́m pratnā́ya suṣṭutím návīyasīm (12 syllables)
- B. वो॒चेय॑म अस्मा उ॒श॒ते शृ॒णोतु नः vocéyam asmai uśaté śr̥ṇótu naḥ (12 syllables)
- C. भू॒या अन्त॑रा हृ॒द्य स्य नि॒स्पृशे॑ bhūyā́ḥ ántarā hr̥dí asya nispŕ̥śe (12 syllables)
- D. जा॒येव इव पत्य उ॒श॒ती सु॒वासाः jāyā́ iva pátye uśatī́ suvā́sāḥ (11 syllables)
इ॒मां (imā́m)
this
प्र॒त्नाय (pratnā́ya)
to the ancient
सु॒स्तु॒तिं (suṣṭutím)
eulogy, praise
नवी॑यसीं (návīyasīm)
newest, most recent
वो॒चेय॑म (vocéyam)
I wish to speak
अस्मा (asmai)
to him
उ॒श॒ते (uśaté)
who desires
शृ॒णोतु (śr̥ṇótu)
may he hear
नः (naḥ)
us
भू॒या (bhūyā́ḥ)
may it become
अन्त॑रा (ántarā)
near, within
हृ॒द्य (hr̥dí)
in the heart
स्य (asya)
his
नि॒स्पृशे॑ (nispŕ̥śe)
to touch, to embrace
जा॒येव (jāyā́)
wife
इव (iva)
like
पत्य (pátye)
to the husband
उ॒श॒ती (uśatī́)
desiring, loving
सु॒वासाः (suvā́sāḥ)
well-dressed
Stanza 10.91.14
यस्मि॒न्नश्वा॑स ऋष॒भास॑ उ॒क्षणो॑ व॒शा मे॒षा अ॑वसृ॒ष्टास॒ आहु॑ताः | की॒ला॒ल॒पे सोम॑पृष्ठाय वे॒धसे॑ हृ॒दा म॒तिं ज॑नये॒ चारु॑म॒ग्नये॑ ||
yásminn áśvāsa r̥ṣabhā́sa ukṣáṇo vaśā́ meṣā́ avasr̥ṣṭā́sa ā́hutāḥ kīlālapé sómapr̥ṣṭhāya vedháse hr̥dā́ matíṁ janaye cā́rum agnáye
In whom horses, bulls, oxen, barren cows, and rams, when duly offered, are pleasing; to him, Agni, the drinker of sweet juice, the Soma-sprinkled, the arranger, I generate a beautiful thought from the heart.
This verse lists various domestic animals and offerings that are presented to Agni. Horses, bulls, oxen, barren cows, and rams are mentioned as 'āhutāḥ' (offered) and 'avasr̥ṣṭāsaḥ' (set apart). The speaker addresses Agni as 'kīlālapé' (drinker of sweet juice), 'somapr̥ṣṭhāya' (sprinkled with Soma), and 'vedhase' (disposer/arranger), and wishes to generate a beautiful thought ('cārum matim') for him from the heart ('hr̥dā').
Meter: Jagati
- A. यस्मि अश्वा॑स ऋष॒भास उ॒क्षणो yásmin áśvāsaḥ r̥ṣabhā́saḥ ukṣáṇaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. व॒शा मे॒षा अव॒सृ॒ष्टास आहु॑ताः vaśā́ḥ meṣā́ḥ avasr̥ṣṭā́saḥ ā́hutāḥ (12 syllables)
- C. की॒ला॒ल॒पे सोम॑पृष्ठाय वे॒धसे kīlālapé sómapr̥ṣṭhāya vedháse (12 syllables)
- D. हृ॒दा मतिं जन॑ये चा॒रु अग्न॑ये hr̥dā́ matím janaye cā́rum agnáye (12 syllables)
यस्मि (yásmin)
in whom
अश्वा॑स (áśvāsaḥ)
horses
ऋष॒भास (r̥ṣabhā́saḥ)
bulls
उ॒क्षणो (ukṣáṇaḥ)
oxen
व॒शा (vaśā́ḥ)
barren cows
मे॒षा (meṣā́ḥ)
rams
अव॒सृ॒ष्टास (avasr̥ṣṭā́saḥ)
set apart, released
आहु॑ताः (ā́hutāḥ)
offered
की॒ला॒ल॒पे (kīlālapé)
drinker of sweet juice
सोम॑पृष्ठाय (sómapr̥ṣṭhāya)
sprinkled with Soma
वे॒धसे (vedháse)
to the disposer, arranger
हृ॒दा (hr̥dā́)
with the heart
मतिं (matím)
thought, hymn
जन॑ये (janaye)
I generate, create
चा॒रु (cā́rum)
beautiful, pleasing
अग्न॑ये (agnáye)
to Agni
Stanza 10.91.15
अहा॑व्यग्ने ह॒विरा॒स्ये॑ ते स्रु॒ची॑व घृ॒तं च॒म्वी॑व॒ सोमः॑ | वा॒ज॒सनिं॑ र॒यिम॒स्मे सु॒वीरं॑ प्रश॒स्तं धे॑हि य॒शसं॑ बृ॒हन्त॑म् ||
áhāvy agne havír āsyè te srucīā̀va ghr̥táṁ camvīā̀va sómaḥ vājasániṁ rayím asmé suvī́ram praśastáṁ dhehi yaśásam br̥hántam
The offering is poured into your mouth, O Agni, like Soma into a cup, or ghee into a ladle. Grant us wealth that wins strength, is praiseworthy, rich in heroes, and vast.
This verse describes the offering being poured into Agni's mouth ('āsye te'), comparing it to Soma in a cup ('camvīva somaḥ') and ghee in a ladle ('srucīva ghṛtam'). The speaker then requests Agni to grant them wealth ('rayim') that wins strength ('vājasanīm'), is praiseworthy ('praśastam'), rich in heroes ('suvīram'), and great ('br̥hantam').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अहा॑व्य अग्ने ह॒वि आस्ये॑ ते áhāvi agne havíḥ āsyè te (11 syllables)
- B. स्रु॒ची इव घृ॒त चम्वी इव सोमः srucí iva ghr̥tám camvì iva sómaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. वा॒ज॒सनिं रयि अस्मे सु॒वीरं vājasánim rayím asmé suvī́ram (11 syllables)
- D. प्र॒शस्तं धे य॒शसं बृ॒हन्त॑म् praśastám dhehi yaśásam br̥hántam (11 syllables)
अहा॑व्य (áhāvi)
was poured, was offered
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
ह॒वि (havíḥ)
offering
आस्ये॑ (āsyè)
in the mouth
ते (te)
your
स्रु॒ची (srucí)
in the ladle
इव (iva)
like
घृ॒त (ghr̥tám)
ghee
चम्वी (camvì)
in the cup
इव (iva)
like
सोमः (sómaḥ)
Soma
वा॒ज॒सनिं (vājasánim)
winning strength, food
रयि (rayím)
wealth
अस्मे (asmé)
to us
सु॒वीरं (suvī́ram)
rich in heroes
प्र॒शस्तं (praśastám)
praiseworthy
धे (dhehi)
place, grant
य॒शसं (yaśásam)
glorious, splendid
बृ॒हन्त॑म् (br̥hántam)
great, vast