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Stanza 10.72.1
दे॒वानां॒ नु व॒यं जाना॒ प्र वो॑चाम विप॒न्यया॑ | उ॒क्थेषु॑ श॒स्यमा॑नेषु॒ यः पश्या॒दुत्त॑रे यु॒गे ||
devā́nāṁ nú vayáṁ jā́nā prá vocāma vipanyáyā ukthéṣu śasyámāneṣu yáḥ páśyād úttare yugé
Now, let us, with skillful praise, proclaim the generations of the gods, so that they may be seen in a future age when these hymns are sung.
This stanza is an invocation, a call to the poets to proclaim the divine generations of the gods. The poets express their desire to announce these divine lineages with skill and eloquent praise, hoping that these hymns will allow future generations to understand and remember the gods.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. दे॒वानां नु व॒यं जा॒ना devā́nām nú vayám jā́nā (8 syllables)
- B. प्र वोचाम विप॒न्यया prá vocāma vipanyáyā (8 syllables)
- C. उ॒क्थेषु श॒स्यमा॑नेषु ukthéṣu śasyámāneṣu (8 syllables)
- D. यः पश्या॒दुत्त॑रे यु॒गे yáḥ páśyāt úttare yugé (8 syllables)
दे॒वानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
नु (nú)
now
व॒यं (vayám)
we
जा॒ना (jā́nā)
generations
प्र (prá)
forth
वोचाम (vocāma)
may we speak/proclaim
विप॒न्यया (vipanyáyā)
with skillful praise/eloquence
उ॒क्थेषु (ukthéṣu)
in the hymns/praises
श॒स्यमा॑नेषु (śasyámāneṣu)
when being sung/chanted
यः (yáḥ)
who/which
पश्या॒दुत्त॑रे (páśyāt)
may see
यु॒गे (úttare)
in a future
(yugé)
age/era
Stanza 10.72.2
ब्रह्म॑ण॒स्पति॑रे॒ता सं क॒र्मार॑ इवाधमत् | दे॒वानां॑ पू॒र्व्ये यु॒गेऽस॑तः॒ सद॑जायत ||
bráhmaṇas pátir etā́ sáṁ karmā́ra ivādhamat devā́nām pūrvyé yugé 'sataḥ sád ajāyata
Brahmaṇaspati, like a skilled smith, fanned and forged these. In the early age of the gods, existence was born from non-existence.
This stanza describes the primordial act of creation. Brahmaṇaspati, the lord of prayer and power, is depicted as a cosmic smith, intensely working and forging. From a state of non-existence, existence itself was brought forth in the early divine age.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. ब्रह्म॑ण स्पति॑रे ता bráhmaṇaḥ pátiḥ etā́ (7 syllables)
- B. सं क॒र्मार॑ इवाधमत् sám karmā́raḥ iva adhamat (8 syllables)
- C. दे॒वानां पू॒र्व्ये यु॒गे devā́nām pūrvyé yugé (8 syllables)
- D. ऽस॑तः सद॑जायत ásataḥ sát ajāyata (8 syllables)
ब्रह्म॑ण (bráhmaṇaḥ)
of prayer/Brahmaṇaspati
स्पति॑रे (pátiḥ)
lord/master
ता (etā́)
these
सं (sám)
together/intensified
क॒र्मार॑ (karmā́raḥ)
smith
इवाधमत् (iva)
like
(adhamat)
he fanned/blew (like bellows)
दे॒वानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
पू॒र्व्ये (pūrvyé)
in the first/earlier
यु॒गे (yugé)
age/era
ऽस॑तः (ásataḥ)
from non-existence
सद॑जायत (sát)
existence (as a participle)
(ajāyata)
was born
Stanza 10.72.3
दे॒वानां॑ यु॒गे प्र॑थ॒मेऽस॑तः॒ सद॑जायत | तदाशा॒ अन्व॑जायन्त॒ तदु॑त्ता॒नप॑द॒स्परि॑ ||
devā́nāṁ yugé prathamé 'sataḥ sád ajāyata tád ā́śā ánv ajāyanta tád uttānápadas pári
In the first age of the gods, existence was born from non-existence. Then the directions (regions) were born. This came forth from Uttānakpada.
Continuing the creation narrative, this verse states that in the very first age of the gods, existence emerged from non-existence. Following this fundamental creation, the directions or regions of space came into being, and these, in turn, originated from something called 'uttānakpada', which can be understood as the 'wide-spreading foot' or a foundational generative principle.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. दे॒वानां यु॒गे प्रथ॒मे devā́nām yugé prathamé (8 syllables)
- B. ऽस॑तः सद॑जायत ásataḥ sát ajāyata (8 syllables)
- C. तदु॑त्ता॒नप॑द अन्व॑जायन्त tát ā́śāḥ ánu ajāyanta (8 syllables)
- D. तदु॑त्ता॒नप॑द ऽस्परि tát uttānápadaḥ pári (8 syllables)
दे॒वानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
यु॒गे (yugé)
age/era
प्रथ॒मे (prathamé)
first
ऽस॑तः (ásataḥ)
from non-existence
सद॑जायत (sát)
existence (as a participle)
(ajāyata)
was born
तदु॑त्ता॒नप॑द (tát)
that
(ā́śāḥ)
directions/regions
अन्व॑जायन्त (ánu)
after
(ajāyanta)
were born
तदु॑त्ता॒नप॑द (tát)
that
ऽस्परि (uttānápadaḥ)
from Uttānakpada (wide-stepping)
(pári)
around/from
Stanza 10.72.4
भूर्ज॑ज्ञ उत्ता॒नप॑दो भु॒व आशा॑ अजायन्त | अदि॑ते॒र्दक्षो॑ अजायत॒ दक्षा॒द्वदि॑तिः॒ परि॑ ||
bhū́r jajña uttānápado bhuvá ā́śā ajāyanta áditer dákṣo ajāyata dákṣād v áditiḥ pári
Earth was born from Uttānakpada, and the regions were born from the Earth. Daksha was born from Aditi, and Aditi was born from Daksha.
This stanza continues the cosmogonic process. It states that Earth ('Bhū') was born from Uttānakpada, and the regions ('āśāḥ') were born from the Earth. Then, Daksha, a divine being representing creative power, was born from Aditi (the infinite, boundless one), and in a cyclical relationship, Aditi was born from Daksha.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. भूर्ज ज्ञे त्ता॒नप॑दो bhū́ḥ jajñe uttānápadaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. भु॒व आशा अजायन्त bhuváḥ ā́śāḥ ajāyanta (8 syllables)
- C. अदि॑ते र्द्दक्षो अजायत áditeḥ dákṣaḥ ajāyata (8 syllables)
- D. दक्षा॒द्वदि॑ति ः परि dákṣāt u áditiḥ pári (8 syllables)
भूर्ज (bhū́ḥ)
Earth
ज्ञे (jajñe)
was born
त्ता॒नप॑दो (uttānápadaḥ)
from Uttānakpada
भु॒व (bhuváḥ)
from the Earth
आशा (ā́śāḥ)
directions/regions
अजायन्त (ajāyanta)
were born
अदि॑ते (áditeḥ)
from Aditi
र्द्दक्षो (dákṣaḥ)
Daksha (creative power)
अजायत (ajāyata)
was born
दक्षा॒द्वदि॑ति (dákṣāt)
from Daksha
ः (u)
and
परि (áditiḥ)
Aditi
(pári)
around (implying relationship)
Stanza 10.72.5
अदि॑ति॒र्ह्यज॑निष्ट॒ दक्ष॒ या दु॑हि॒ता तव॑ | तां दे॒वा अन्व॑जायन्त भ॒द्रा अ॒मृत॑बन्धवः ||
áditir hy ájaniṣṭa dákṣa yā́ duhitā́ táva tā́ṁ devā́ ánv ajāyanta bhadrā́ amŕ̥tabandhavaḥ
For Aditi was born, O Daksha, she who is your daughter. The gods, blessed and immortal-bound, were born after her.
This verse focuses on the birth of Aditi and her divine offspring. It states that Aditi was indeed born, addressed as 'Daksha' in a way that implies she is the daughter of Daksha. Subsequently, the gods, who are described as blessed and immortal beings, were born following her.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. अदि॑ति र्ह्यज॑निष्ट áditiḥ hí ájaniṣṭa (8 syllables)
- B. दक्ष या दु॒हि॒ता तव॑ dákṣa yā́ duhitā́ táva (8 syllables)
- C. ता दे॒वा अन्व॑जायन्त tā́m devā́ḥ ánu ajāyanta (8 syllables)
- D. भ॒द्रा अ॒मृत॑बन्धवः bhadrā́ḥ amŕ̥tabandhavaḥ (8 syllables)
अदि॑ति (áditiḥ)
Aditi
र्ह्यज॑निष्ट (hí)
indeed
(ájaniṣṭa)
was born
दक्ष (dákṣa)
O Daksha (vocative)
या (yā́)
who
दु॒हि॒ता (duhitā́)
daughter
तव॑ (táva)
your
ता (tā́m)
her
दे॒वा (devā́ḥ)
the gods
अन्व॑जायन्त (ánu)
after/following
(ajāyanta)
were born
भ॒द्रा (bhadrā́ḥ)
blessed/auspicious
अ॒मृत॑बन्धवः (amŕ̥tabandhavaḥ)
bound by immortality/sharing immortality
Stanza 10.72.6
यद्दे॑वा अ॒दः स॑लि॒ले सुसं॑रब्धा॒ अति॑ष्ठत | अत्रा॑ वो॒ नृत्य॑तामिव ती॒व्रो रे॒णुरपा॑यत ||
yád devā adáḥ salilé súsaṁrabdhā átiṣṭhata átrā vo nŕ̥tyatām iva tīvró reṇúr ápāyata
When you, O Gods, stood closely joined together in that great water, then from you, like dancers, a strong dust arose.
This verse speaks about the early state of the gods when they existed together in the primeval waters or the vast expanse. They were closely united. From this close communion, perhaps during their dynamic actions or movements, a potent energy or essence, described as a 'fierce dust', was released.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. यद्दे वा ऽदः सलि॒ले yát devāḥ adáḥ ~ adó salilé (8 syllables)
- B. सुसं॑रब्धा॒ ऽति॑ष्ठत súsaṃrabdhāḥ átiṣṭhata (8 syllables)
- C. वो नृत्य॑तामिव átra + vaḥ nŕ̥tyatām iva (8 syllables)
- D. ती॒व्रो रे॒णुरपा॑यत tīvráḥ reṇúḥ ápa āyata (8 syllables)
यद्दे (yát)
when
वा (devāḥ)
O gods
ऽदः (adáḥ ~ adó)
that (water/expanse)
सलि॒ले (salilé)
in the water/vastness
सुसं॑रब्धा॒ (súsaṃrabdhāḥ)
closely joined/united
ऽति॑ष्ठत (átiṣṭhata)
you stood
(átra +)
वो (vaḥ)
from you
नृत्य॑तामिव (nŕ̥tyatām)
of dancing (people)
(iva)
like
ती॒व्रो (tīvráḥ)
strong/fierce
रे॒णुरपा॑यत (reṇúḥ)
dust/fine particles
(ápa)
away/forth
(āyata)
it went/arose
Stanza 10.72.7
यद्दे॑वा॒ यत॑यो यथा॒ भुव॑ना॒न्यपि॑न्वत | अत्रा॑ समु॒द्र आ गू॒ळ्हमा सूर्य॑मजभर्तन ||
yád devā yátayo yathā bhúvanāny ápinvata átrā samudrá ā́ gūḷhám ā́ sū́ryam ajabhartana
When you, O Gods, like the Yatis, expanded the worlds, then you brought forth the Sun, hidden in the sea.
This verse describes the gods' creative power and actions. It compares their work to that of the 'Yatis' (ascetics or powerful beings). The gods are said to have expanded and nourished the worlds ('bhuvanāni'). In this process, they brought forth the hidden Sun, which was concealed within the cosmic ocean or waters.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. यद्दे वा यत॑यो यथा yát devāḥ yátayaḥ yathā (8 syllables)
- B. भु॒वना॒न्यपि॑न्वत bhúvanāni ápinvata (8 syllables)
- C. समु॒द्र सूर्य॑मजभर्तन ग॒ळ्हमा átra + samudré ā́ gūḷhám (8 syllables)
- D. सूर्य॑मजभर्तन ā́ sū́ryam ajabhartana (8 syllables)
यद्दे (yát)
when
वा (devāḥ)
O gods
यत॑यो (yátayaḥ)
like the Yatis
यथा (yathā)
like/as
भु॒वना॒न्यपि॑न्वत (bhúvanāni)
the worlds/beings
(ápinvata)
you caused to grow/expand
(átra +)
समु॒द्र (samudré)
in the sea/ocean
सूर्य॑मजभर्तन (ā́)
forth
ग॒ळ्हमा (gūḷhám)
hidden
सूर्य॑मजभर्तन (ā́)
forth
(sū́ryam)
the Sun
(ajabhartana)
you brought forth
Stanza 10.72.8
अ॒ष्टौ पु॒त्रासो॒ अदि॑ते॒र्ये जा॒तास्त॒न्व१॒॑स्परि॑ | दे॒वाँ उप॒ प्रैत्स॒प्तभिः॒ परा॑ मार्ता॒ण्डमा॑स्यत् ||
aṣṭaú putrā́so áditer yé jātā́s tanvàs pári devā́m̐ úpa praít saptábhiḥ párā mārtāṇḍám āsyat
Aditi had eight sons who were born from her body. With seven she went to the gods; she cast away Mārtāṇḍa.
This verse introduces a narrative about Aditi's children. It states that Aditi had eight sons who were born from her body. However, she presented seven of them to the gods for acceptance. The eighth son, Martāṇḍa, was rejected or cast away.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. अ॒ष्टौ पु॒त्रासो ऽदि॑ते aṣṭaú putrā́saḥ áditeḥ (8 syllables)
- B. र्ये जा॒तास्त ॒न्व१॒ स्परि yé jātā́ḥ tanvàḥ pári (8 syllables)
- C. दे॒वाँ उप प्रैत्स ७भिः स॒प्त devā́n úpa prá ait saptábhiḥ (8 syllables)
- D. परा मार्ता॒ण्डमा॑स्यत् párā mārtāṇḍám āsyat (8 syllables)
अ॒ष्टौ (aṣṭaú)
eight
पु॒त्रासो (putrā́saḥ)
sons
ऽदि॑ते (áditeḥ)
of Aditi
र्ये (yé)
who
जा॒तास्त (jātā́ḥ)
were born
॒न्व१॒ (tanvàḥ)
from the body
स्परि (pári)
from/around
दे॒वाँ (devā́n)
to the gods
उप (úpa)
towards
प्रैत्स (prá)
forth
७भिः (ait)
she went
स॒प्त (saptábhiḥ)
with seven
परा (párā)
away
मार्ता॒ण्डमा॑स्यत् (mārtāṇḍám)
Mārtāṇḍa (the eighth son)
(āsyat)
she cast/threw
Stanza 10.72.9
स॒प्तभिः॑ पु॒त्रैरदि॑ति॒रुप॒ प्रैत्पू॒र्व्यं यु॒गम् | प्र॒जायै॑ मृ॒त्यवे॑ त्व॒त्पुन॑र्मार्ता॒ण्डमाभ॑रत् ||
saptábhiḥ putraír áditir úpa praít pūrvyáṁ yugám prajā́yai mr̥tyáve tvat púnar mārtāṇḍám ā́bharat
With her seven sons, Aditi approached the earlier age. She brought Mārtāṇḍa back for the sake of progeny, to die and be born again.
This final stanza clarifies the situation with Martāṇḍa. Aditi, with her seven accepted sons, approached the earlier age. She then brought Martāṇḍa back, not to be cast away again, but to be revived for the purpose of procreation and the cycle of life and death.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. स॒प्तभिः पु॒त्रैरदि॑ति saptábhiḥ putraíḥ áditiḥ (8 syllables)
- B. उप प्रैत्पू र्व्यं यु॒गम् प्र॒जायै úpa prá ait pūrvyám yugám (8 syllables)
- C. मृ॒त्यवे त्व॒त्पुन॑र्मार्ता॒ण्डमाभ॑रत् prajā́yai mr̥tyáve tvat (8 syllables)
- D. púnar mārtāṇḍám ā́ abharat (8 syllables)
स॒प्तभिः (saptábhiḥ)
with seven
पु॒त्रैरदि॑ति (putraíḥ)
sons
(áditiḥ)
Aditi
उप (úpa)
towards
प्रैत्पू (prá)
forth
र्व्यं (ait)
she went
यु॒गम् (pūrvyám)
earlier
प्र॒जायै (yugám)
age/era
मृ॒त्यवे (prajā́yai)
for progeny/offspring
त्व॒त्पुन॑र्मार्ता॒ण्डमाभ॑रत् (mr̥tyáve)
for death (and rebirth)
(tvat)
from you (implied)
(púnar)
again
(mārtāṇḍám)
Mārtāṇḍa
(ā́)
hither/back
(abharat)
she brought