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Stanza 10.52.1
विश्वे॑ देवाः शा॒स्तन॑ मा॒ यथे॒ह होता॑ वृ॒तो म॒नवै॒ यन्नि॒षद्य॑ | प्र मे॑ ब्रूत भाग॒धेयं॒ यथा॑ वो॒ येन॑ प॒था ह॒व्यमा वो॒ वहा॑नि ||
víśve devāḥ śāstána mā yáthehá hótā vr̥tó manávai yán niṣádya prá me brūta bhāgadhéyaṁ yáthā vo yéna pathā́ havyám ā́ vo váhāni
O all you gods, instruct me, how I, chosen as your priest, should sit here and how I should address you. Tell me clearly how to give each of you his share, and by what path I should bring you the offering.
The speaker, acting as the Hotar (priest who recites), addresses all the gods, asking for clear instructions on how to perform his priestly duties correctly. He seeks guidance on how to be seated properly, how to address the deities, how to distribute their portions of the offerings, and the proper path or method for bringing them their oblations.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विश्वे देवाः शास्तन मा यथा इह víśve devāḥ śāstána mā yáthā ihá (11 syllables)
- B. होता वृत् मनवै यत् निषद्य hótā vr̥táḥ manávai yát niṣádya (11 syllables)
- C. प्र मे ब्रूत भागधेयम् यथा वः prá me brūta bhāgadhéyam yáthā vaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. येन पथा हव्यम् आ वः वहाणि yéna pathā́ havyám ā́ vaḥ váhāni (11 syllables)
विश्वे (víśve)
all
देवाः (devāḥ)
gods
शास्तन (śāstána)
instruct
मा (mā)
me
यथा (yáthā)
how
इह (ihá)
here
होता (hótā)
priest (offering reciter)
वृत् (vr̥táḥ)
chosen
मनवै (manávai)
I should think/ponder
यत् (yát)
what
निषद्य (niṣádya)
having sat down
प्र (prá)
forth
मे (me)
to me
ब्रूत (brūta)
speak
भागधेयम् (bhāgadhéyam)
share
यथा (yáthā)
how
वः (vaḥ)
to you
येन (yéna)
by which
पथा (pathā́)
path
हव्यम् (havyám)
offering
आ (ā́)
to
वः (vaḥ)
to you
वहाणि (váhāni)
I may carry
Stanza 10.52.2
अ॒हं होता॒ न्य॑सीदं॒ यजी॑या॒न्विश्वे॑ दे॒वा म॒रुतो॑ मा जुनन्ति | अह॑रहरश्वि॒नाध्व॑र्यवं वां ब्र॒ह्मा स॒मिद्भ॑वति॒ साहु॑तिर्वाम् ||
aháṁ hótā ny àsīdaṁ yájīyān víśve devā́ marúto mā junanti áhar-ahar aśvinā́dhvaryavaṁ vām brahmā́ samíd bhavati sā́hutir vām
I have seated myself as the most excellent priest. All the gods and the Maruts urge me on. O Ashvins, your duty is the Adhvaryu's role each day; the Brahman and the fuel are here for you to offer.
The speaker identifies himself as the Hotar (priest), who has taken his seat, feeling himself to be the most skilled sacrificer. He states that all the gods, including the Maruts, encourage him. He directly addresses the divine twins, the Ashvins, telling them that their daily duty is that of the Adhvaryu (the priest who directs the sacrifice). He also mentions that the Brahman priest and the sacrificial wood are present, and it is up to the Ashvins to offer.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अहं होता नि असीदं यजीयान् ahám hótā ní asīdam yájīyān (11 syllables)
- B. विश्वे देवाः मरुतः मा जुनन्ति víśve devā́ḥ marútaḥ mā junanti (11 syllables)
- C. अहरहः अश्विना आध्वर्यवं वाम् áhar-ahar aśvinā ā́dhvaryavam vām (11 syllables)
- D. ब्रह्मा समिद् भवति सा आहुतिः वाम् brahmā́ samít bhavati sā́ ā́hutiḥ vām (11 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
होता (hótā)
priest (offering reciter)
नि (ní)
down
असीदं (asīdam)
I sat
यजीयान् (yájīyān)
most excellent sacrificer
विश्वे (víśve)
all
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
मरुतः (marútaḥ)
Maruts (storm gods)
मा (mā)
me
जुनन्ति (junanti)
urge on
अहरहः (áhar-ahar)
day by day
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Ashvins (divine twins)
आध्वर्यवं (ā́dhvaryavam)
the role of Adhvaryu (officiating priest)
वाम् (vām)
your
ब्रह्मा (brahmā́)
Brahman priest
समिद् (samít)
sacrificial fuel (wood)
भवति (bhavati)
is
सा (sā́)
that
आहुतिः (ā́hutiḥ)
offering
वाम् (vām)
your
Stanza 10.52.3
अ॒यं यो होता॒ किरु॒ स य॒मस्य॒ कमप्यू॑हे॒ यत्स॑म॒ञ्जन्ति॑ दे॒वाः | अह॑रहर्जायते मा॒सिमा॒स्यथा॑ दे॒वा द॑धिरे हव्य॒वाह॑म् ||
ayáṁ yó hótā kír u sá yamásya kám ápy ūhe yát samañjánti devā́ḥ áhar-ahar jāyate māsí māsy áthā devā́ dadhire havyavā́ham
Who is this priest? Is he Yama's priest? Who has assigned him this honored role? He is born daily, month after month; then the gods appointed him as the bearer of offerings.
The stanza poses a question about the identity of this Hotar (priest), asking if he belongs to Yama (the god of the dead) and who has assigned him this important role. It then describes how this priest comes into being and is continuously renewed daily and monthly. Finally, it explains that the gods appointed him as the conveyor of oblations, signifying his crucial function in connecting the human and divine realms through sacrifice.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अयं यः होता किः उ स य मस्य ayám yáḥ hótā kíḥ u sá yamásya (11 syllables)
- B. कम् अपि ऊहे यत् समञ्जन्ति देवाः kám ápi ūhe yát samañjánti devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अहरहः जायते मासिमासि áhar-ahar jāyate māsí-māsi (11 syllables)
- D. देवाः दधिरे हव्यवाहम् átha + devā́ḥ dadhire havyavā́ham (11 syllables)
अयं (ayám)
this
यः (yáḥ)
who
होता (hótā)
priest (offering reciter)
किः (kíḥ)
who
उ (u)
indeed
स (sá)
he
य मस्य (yamásya)
of Yama (god of death)
कम् (kám)
whom
अपि (ápi)
upon
ऊहे (ūhe)
assigned
यत् (yát)
which
समञ्जन्ति (samañjánti)
consecrate
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
अहरहः (áhar-ahar)
day by day
जायते (jāyate)
is born
मासिमासि (māsí-māsi)
month by month
(átha +)
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
दधिरे (dadhire)
placed
हव्यवाहम् (havyavā́ham)
bearer of offerings
Stanza 10.52.4
मां दे॒वा द॑धिरे हव्य॒वाह॒मप॑म्लुक्तं ब॒हु कृ॒च्छ्रा चर॑न्तम् | अ॒ग्निर्वि॒द्वान्य॒ज्ञं नः॑ कल्पयाति॒ पञ्च॑यामं त्रि॒वृतं॑ स॒प्तत॑न्तुम् ||
mā́ṁ devā́ dadhire havyavā́ham ápamluktam bahú kr̥chrā́ cárantam agnír vidvā́n yajñáṁ naḥ kalpayāti páñcayāmaṁ trivŕ̥taṁ saptátantum
The gods have placed me as the bearer of offerings, though I had escaped and passed through many difficulties. The wise Agni arranges our sacrifice; may it be five-wayed, threefold, or seven-threaded.
The speaker describes himself as the one whom the gods have appointed as the bearer of oblations. He acknowledges having previously experienced difficulties and having overcome many hardships. He now looks to the wise Agni, the god of fire, to arrange the sacrifice for them. Agni is invoked to arrange it in one of several specific ritual structures: a 'five-wayed', 'threefold', or 'seven-threaded' arrangement, indicating the complexity and precise nature of the ritual.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. माम् देवाः दधिरे हव्यवाहम् mā́m devā́ḥ dadhire havyavā́ham (11 syllables)
- B. अपम्लुक्तं बहु कृच्छ्रा चरन्तम् ápamluktam bahú kr̥chrā́ cárantam (11 syllables)
- C. अग्निः विद्वान् यज्ञं नः कल्पयाति agníḥ vidvā́n yajñám naḥ kalpayāti (11 syllables)
- D. पञ्चयामं त्रिर्वृतं सप्ततन्तुं páñcayāmam trivŕ̥tam saptátantum (11 syllables)
माम् (mā́m)
me
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
दधिरे (dadhire)
placed
हव्यवाहम् (havyavā́ham)
bearer of offerings
अपम्लुक्तं (ápamluktam)
having slipped away
बहु (bahú)
many
कृच्छ्रा (kr̥chrā́)
hardships
चरन्तम् (cárantam)
wandering
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
विद्वान् (vidvā́n)
wise
यज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice
नः (naḥ)
for us
कल्पयाति (kalpayāti)
arranges
पञ्चयामं (páñcayāmam)
five-wayed
त्रिर्वृतं (trivŕ̥tam)
threefold
सप्ततन्तुं (saptátantum)
seven-threaded
Stanza 10.52.5
आ वो॑ यक्ष्यमृत॒त्वं सु॒वीरं॒ यथा॑ वो देवा॒ वरि॑वः॒ करा॑णि | आ बा॒ह्वोर्वज्र॒मिन्द्र॑स्य धेया॒मथे॒मा विश्वाः॒ पृत॑ना जयाति ||
ā́ vo yakṣy amr̥tatváṁ suvī́raṁ yáthā vo devā várivaḥ kárāṇi ā́ bāhvór vájram índrasya dheyām áthemā́ víśvāḥ pŕ̥tanā jayāti
I will sacrifice to you, O gods, for immortality and many heroes. O gods, may I grant Indra the thunderbolt in his arms; then he will conquer all these armies.
The speaker expresses his intention to offer sacrifice to the gods, seeking their immortality and their favor for his heroic descendants. He asks the gods, as he wishes to provide them with ample space and means, that he may place the thunderbolt in Indra's arms. By doing so, he believes Indra will then be victorious in all these battles.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ वः यक्ष्य अमृतत्वं सुवीरं ā́ vaḥ yakṣi amr̥tatvám suvī́ram (11 syllables)
- B. यथा वः देवाः वरिवः कराणि yáthā vaḥ devāḥ várivaḥ kárāṇi (11 syllables)
- C. आ बाह्वोः वज्रं इन्द्रस्य धेयाम ā́ bāhvóḥ vájram índrasya dheyām (11 syllables)
- D. अथ इमाः विश्वाः पृतनाः जयाति átha imā́ḥ víśvāḥ pŕ̥tanāḥ jayāti (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
into
वः (vaḥ)
to you
यक्ष्य (yakṣi)
I will sacrifice
अमृतत्वं (amr̥tatvám)
immortality
सुवीरं (suvī́ram)
many heroes
यथा (yáthā)
so that
वः (vaḥ)
to you
देवाः (devāḥ)
gods
वरिवः (várivaḥ)
space, room, abundance
कराणि (kárāṇi)
I may make
आ (ā́)
into
बाह्वोः (bāhvóḥ)
arms
वज्रं (vájram)
thunderbolt
इन्द्रस्य (índrasya)
of Indra
धेयाम (dheyām)
I may place
अथ (átha)
then
इमाः (imā́ḥ)
these
विश्वाः (víśvāḥ)
all
पृतनाः (pŕ̥tanāḥ)
armies, battles
जयाति (jayāti)
he conquers
Stanza 10.52.6
त्रीणि॑ श॒ता त्री स॒हस्रा॑ण्य॒ग्निं त्रिं॒शच्च॑ दे॒वा नव॑ चासपर्यन् | औक्ष॑न्घृ॒तैरस्तृ॑णन्ब॒र्हिर॑स्मा॒ आदिद्धोता॑रं॒ न्य॑सादयन्त ||
trī́ṇi śatā́ trī́ sahásrāṇy agníṁ triṁśác ca devā́ náva cāsaparyan aúkṣan ghr̥taír ástr̥ṇan barhír asmā ā́d íd dhótāraṁ ny àsādayanta
Three hundred and three thousand gods, and thirty and nine gods, attended Agni. They anointed him with ghee, spread grass for him, and then seated him as the Hotar.
This stanza enumerates the divine beings who have served and honored Agni. It states that three hundred, three thousand, thirty, and nine gods together attended to Agni. They anointed him with clarified butter (ghṛta) and spread sacred grass (barhis) for him. Following these preparations, they seated him as the Hotar, the priest who invokes the gods.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. त्रीणि शता त्री सहस्राणि अग्निम् trī́ṇi śatā́ trī́ sahásrāṇi agním (11 syllables)
- B. त्रिंशत् च देवाः नव च अस्पर्यन् triṃśát ca devā́ḥ náva ca asaparyan (11 syllables)
- C. औक्षन् घृतैः अस्तृणन् बर्हिः अस्मै aúkṣan ghr̥taíḥ ástr̥ṇan barhíḥ asmai (11 syllables)
- D. आत् इत् होतारं नि असादयेन्त ā́t ít hótāram ní asādayanta (11 syllables)
त्रीणि (trī́ṇi)
three
शता (śatā́)
hundreds
त्री (trī́)
three
सहस्राणि (sahásrāṇi)
thousands
अग्निम् (agním)
Agni (fire god)
त्रिंशत् (triṃśát)
thirty
च (ca)
and
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
नव (náva)
nine
च (ca)
and
अस्पर्यन् (asaparyan)
attended
औक्षन् (aúkṣan)
anointed
घृतैः (ghr̥taíḥ)
with ghee
अस्तृणन् (ástr̥ṇan)
spread
बर्हिः (barhíḥ)
sacred grass
अस्मै (asmai)
for him
आत् (ā́t)
then
इत् (ít)
indeed
होतारं (hótāram)
Hotar (invoking priest)
नि (ní)
down
असादयेन्त (asādayanta)
seated