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Stanza 10.51.1
म॒हत्तदुल्बं॒ स्थवि॑रं॒ तदा॑सी॒द्येनावि॑ष्टितः प्रवि॒वेशि॑था॒पः | विश्वा॑ अपश्यद्बहु॒धा ते॑ अग्ने॒ जात॑वेदस्त॒न्वो॑ दे॒व एकः॑ ||
mahát tád úlbaṁ stháviraṁ tád āsīd yénā́viṣṭitaḥ pravivéśithāpáḥ víśvā apaśyad bahudhā́ te agne jā́tavedas tanvò devá ékaḥ
Vast and firm was that covering within which you entered the waters. O Agni, knower of all births, you, the divine one, alone saw your many forms.
This verse describes the immense and firm covering or womb from which Agni, the fire god, emerged into the waters. It highlights that Agni, known as Jātavedas (knower of all births), was the sole deity to perceive his own manifold forms during this primordial emergence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. महत् तत् उल्बं स्थविरं तत् आसीत् mahát tát úlbam stháviram tát āsīt (11 syllables)
- B. येन आविष्टितः प्रविवेशिथाः अपः yéna ā́viṣṭitaḥ pravivéśitha apáḥ (11 syllables)
- C. विश्वाः अपश्यत् बहुधा ते अग्ने víśvāḥ apaśyat bahudhā́ te agne (11 syllables)
- D. जातवेदः तन्वः देवः एकः jā́tavedaḥ tanvàḥ deváḥ ékaḥ (11 syllables)
महत् (mahát)
great
तत् (tát)
that
उल्बं (úlbam)
covering, womb
स्थविरं (stháviram)
firm, strong
तत् (tát)
that
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
येन (yéna)
by which
आविष्टितः (ā́viṣṭitaḥ)
enveloped
प्रविवेशिथाः (pravivéśitha)
you entered
अपः (apáḥ)
waters
विश्वाः (víśvāḥ)
all
अपश्यत् (apaśyat)
saw
बहुधा (bahudhā́)
in many ways
ते (te)
your
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
जातवेदः (jā́tavedaḥ)
O knower of births
तन्वः (tanvàḥ)
bodies, forms
देवः (deváḥ)
divine one
एकः (ékaḥ)
one, alone
Stanza 10.51.2
को मा॑ ददर्श कत॒मः स दे॒वो यो मे॑ त॒न्वो॑ बहु॒धा प॒र्यप॑श्यत् | क्वाह॑ मित्रावरुणा क्षियन्त्य॒ग्नेर्विश्वाः॑ स॒मिधो॑ देव॒यानीः॑ ||
kó mā dadarśa katamáḥ sá devó yó me tanvò bahudhā́ paryápaśyat kvā́ha mitrāvaruṇā kṣiyanty agnér víśvāḥ samídho devayā́nīḥ
Who saw me? Which god among them saw my many forms? O Mitra and Varuṇa, where do the fire-sticks, leading to Agni, reside?
The speaker, Agni, questions which god witnessed him and perceived his multiple forms. He then asks Mitra and Varuṇa where the fuel offerings for Agni, which lead him to the gods, are located, implying a sense of being lost or hidden.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कः मा ददर्श कतमो स देवः káḥ mā dadarśa katamáḥ sá deváḥ (11 syllables)
- B. यः मे तन्वः बहुधा पर्यपश्यत् yáḥ me tanvàḥ bahudhā́ paryápaśyat (11 syllables)
- C. क्वाह अह मित्रावरुणा क्षियन्ति kvà áha mitrāvaruṇā kṣiyanti (11 syllables)
- D. अग्नेः विश्वाः समिधः देवयानीः agnéḥ víśvāḥ samídhaḥ devayā́nīḥ (11 syllables)
कः (káḥ)
who
मा (mā)
me
ददर्श (dadarśa)
saw
कतमो (katamáḥ)
which one
स (sá)
that
देवः (deváḥ)
god
यः (yáḥ)
who
मे (me)
my
तन्वः (tanvàḥ)
forms
बहुधा (bahudhā́)
in many ways
पर्यपश्यत् (paryápaśyat)
perceived all around
क्वाह (kvà)
where
अह (áha)
indeed
मित्रावरुणा (mitrāvaruṇā)
O Mitra and Varuṇa
क्षियन्ति (kṣiyanti)
reside
अग्नेः (agnéḥ)
of Agni
विश्वाः (víśvāḥ)
all
समिधः (samídhaḥ)
fuel offerings, kindling wood
देवयानीः (devayā́nīḥ)
leading to the gods
Stanza 10.51.3
ऐच्छा॑म त्वा बहु॒धा जा॑तवेदः॒ प्रवि॑ष्टमग्ने अ॒प्स्वोष॑धीषु | तं त्वा॑ य॒मो अ॑चिकेच्चित्रभानो दशान्तरु॒ष्याद॑ति॒रोच॑मानम् ||
aíchāma tvā bahudhā́ jātavedaḥ práviṣṭam agne apsv óṣadhīṣu táṁ tvā yamó acikec citrabhāno daśāntaruṣyā́d atirócamānam
O Agni, knower of births, we sought you hidden in waters and plants. O Agni, bearer of wondrous flames, Yama recognized you in your effulgent form, dwelling in ten secret places.
Agni, the knower of births and bearer of wondrous flames, recounts how he was sought in multiple places, hidden within waters and plants. He states that Yama, the god of death, perceived him in his ten-fold, effulgent, hidden dwelling.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऐच्छाम त्वा बहुधा जातवेदः aíchāma tvā bahudhā́ jātavedaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. प्रविष्टं अग्ने अप्स्व ओषधीषु práviṣṭam agne apsú óṣadhīṣu (11 syllables)
- C. तं त्वा यमः अचिकेत् चित्रभानो tám tvā yamáḥ aciket citrabhāno (11 syllables)
- D. दशान्तरुष्यात् अतिरोचमानं daśāntaruṣyā́t atirócamānam (11 syllables)
ऐच्छाम (aíchāma)
we sought
त्वा (tvā)
you
बहुधा (bahudhā́)
in many ways
जातवेदः (jātavedaḥ)
O knower of births
प्रविष्टं (práviṣṭam)
entered
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अप्स्व (apsú)
in waters
ओषधीषु (óṣadhīṣu)
in plants
तं (tám)
that
त्वा (tvā)
you
यमः (yamáḥ)
Yama
अचिकेत् (aciket)
recognized, perceived
चित्रभानो (citrabhāno)
O bearer of wondrous flames
दशान्तरुष्यात् (daśāntaruṣyā́t)
from ten hidden places
अतिरोचमानं (atirócamānam)
shining brilliantly
Stanza 10.51.4
हो॒त्राद॒हं व॑रुण॒ बिभ्य॑दायं॒ नेदे॒व मा॑ यु॒नज॒न्नत्र॑ दे॒वाः | तस्य॑ मे त॒न्वो॑ बहु॒धा निवि॑ष्टा ए॒तमर्थं॒ न चि॑केता॒हम॒ग्निः ||
hotrā́d aháṁ varuṇa bíbhyad āyaṁ néd evá mā yunájann átra devā́ḥ tásya me tanvò bahudhā́ níviṣṭā etám árthaṁ ná ciketāhám agníḥ
Fearing the gods and their rituals, O Varuṇa, I fled. Because of this fear, the gods did not recognize my dispersed forms, and I, Agni, did not perceive this purpose.
Agni explains that he fled from sacrificial duties due to fear of the gods, lest they involve him. His many forms were thus scattered. He states that he, Agni, did not perceive this purpose or goal.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. होत्रात् अहं वरुण बिभ्यत् आयं hotrā́t ahám varuṇa bíbhyat āyam (11 syllables)
- B. नेद् एव मा युनजन् अत्र देवाः nét evá mā yunájan átra devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. तस्य मे तन्वः बहुधा निविष्टाः tásya me tanvàḥ bahudhā́ níviṣṭāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. एतं अर्थं न चिकेता अहं अग्निः etám ártham ná ciketa ahám agníḥ (11 syllables)
होत्रात् (hotrā́t)
from the sacrificial rite
अहं (ahám)
I
वरुण (varuṇa)
O Varuṇa
बिभ्यत् (bíbhyat)
fearing
आयं (āyam)
I went
नेद् (nét)
lest
एव (evá)
indeed
मा (mā)
me
युनजन् (yunájan)
engage, involve
अत्र (átra)
here
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
तस्य (tásya)
that
मे (me)
my
तन्वः (tanvàḥ)
forms
बहुधा (bahudhā́)
in many ways
निविष्टाः (níviṣṭāḥ)
placed, settled
एतं (etám)
this
अर्थं (ártham)
purpose, goal
न (ná)
not
चिकेता (ciketa)
perceived, understood
अहं (ahám)
I
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
Stanza 10.51.5
एहि॒ मनु॑र्देव॒युर्य॒ज्ञका॑मोऽरं॒कृत्या॒ तम॑सि क्षेष्यग्ने | सु॒गान्प॒थः कृ॑णुहि देव॒याना॒न्वह॑ ह॒व्यानि॑ सुमन॒स्यमा॑नः ||
éhi mánur devayúr yajñákāmo 'raṁkŕ̥tyā támasi kṣeṣy agne sugā́n patháḥ kr̥ṇuhi devayā́nān váha havyā́ni sumanasyámānaḥ
Come, O Agni, the devoted human who desires worship has made ready. You dwell in darkness; make the divine paths easy to travel. Carrying the offerings, be benevolent.
The verse is an invocation to Agni, urging him to come. It states that humans, desiring the gods and worship, have prepared the way. Agni is asked to come from the darkness, make the paths to the gods clear and easy, and carry the offerings with a benevolent attitude.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ इहि मनुः देवयुः यज्ञकामः ā́ ihi mánuḥ devayúḥ yajñákāmaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. तमसि क्षेषि अग्ने araṃkŕ̥tya + támasi kṣeṣi agne (11 syllables)
- C. सुगान पथोः कृणुहि देवयानान् sugā́n patháḥ kr̥ṇuhi devayā́nān (11 syllables)
- D. वह हव्यानि सुमनस्यमानः váha havyā́ni sumanasyámānaḥ (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
hither
इहि (ihi)
come
मनुः (mánuḥ)
man
देवयुः (devayúḥ)
desiring the gods
यज्ञकामः (yajñákāmaḥ)
desiring worship
(araṃkŕ̥tya +)
तमसि (támasi)
in darkness
क्षेषि (kṣeṣi)
you dwell
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
सुगान (sugā́n)
easy to traverse
पथोः (patháḥ)
paths
कृणुहि (kr̥ṇuhi)
make
देवयानान् (devayā́nān)
leading to the gods
वह (váha)
carry
हव्यानि (havyā́ni)
oblations
सुमनस्यमानः (sumanasyámānaḥ)
being benevolent, well-disposed
Stanza 10.51.6
अ॒ग्नेः पूर्वे॒ भ्रात॑रो॒ अर्थ॑मे॒तं र॒थीवाध्वा॑न॒मन्वाव॑रीवुः | तस्मा॑द्भि॒या व॑रुण दू॒रमा॑यं गौ॒रो न क्षे॒प्नोर॑विजे॒ ज्यायाः॑ ||
agnéḥ pū́rve bhrā́taro ártham etáṁ rathī́vā́dhvānam ánv ā́varīvuḥ tásmād bhiyā́ varuṇa dūrám āyaṁ gauró ná kṣepnór avije jyā́yāḥ
Agni's elder brothers followed this path, like a chariot driver. Fearing you, O Varuṇa, I fled far away, like a wild bull escaping from the string of a great archer.
Agni explains that his elder brothers (previous fires or deities) followed this path, like a chariot driver on a road. He reiterates that out of fear of Varuṇa, he fled far away, comparing himself to a wild bull trying to escape an archer's arrow.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अग्नेः पूर्वे भ्रातरः अर्थं एतं agnéḥ pū́rve bhrā́taraḥ ártham etám (11 syllables)
- B. रथी इव अध्वानं अनु आ अवारीवुः rathī́ iva ádhvānam ánu ā́ avarīvuḥ (11 syllables)
- C. तस्मात् भिया वरुण दूरं आयं tásmāt bhiyā́ varuṇa dūrám āyam (11 syllables)
- D. गौरः न क्षेप्नोर अविजे ज्यायाः gauráḥ ná kṣepnóḥ avije jyā́yāḥ (11 syllables)
अग्नेः (agnéḥ)
of Agni
पूर्वे (pū́rve)
elder
भ्रातरः (bhrā́taraḥ)
brothers
अर्थं (ártham)
purpose, goal
एतं (etám)
this
रथी (rathī́)
chariot driver
इव (iva)
like
अध्वानं (ádhvānam)
path, way
अनु (ánu)
along
आ (ā́)
completely
अवारीवुः (avarīvuḥ)
followed
तस्मात् (tásmāt)
from that
भिया (bhiyā́)
through fear
वरुण (varuṇa)
O Varuṇa
दूरं (dūrám)
far
आयं (āyam)
I went
गौरः (gauráḥ)
wild bull
न (ná)
like
क्षेप्नोर (kṣepnóḥ)
from the archer's bow
अविजे (avije)
I moved, trembled
ज्यायाः (jyā́yāḥ)
of the bowstring
Stanza 10.51.7
कु॒र्मस्त॒ आयु॑र॒जरं॒ यद॑ग्ने॒ यथा॑ यु॒क्तो जा॑तवेदो॒ न रिष्याः॑ | अथा॑ वहासि सुमन॒स्यमा॑नो भा॒गं दे॒वेभ्यो॑ ह॒विषः॑ सुजात ||
kurmás ta ā́yur ajáraṁ yád agne yáthā yuktó jātavedo ná ríṣyāḥ áthā vahāsi sumanasyámāno bhāgáṁ devébhyo havíṣaḥ sujāta
We give you unfading life, O Agni. May you, O knower of births, when engaged, not be harmed. Therefore, O nobly born one, carrying the offerings, be benevolent towards the gods.
The stanza is a prayer or offering for Agni's well-being. It expresses a desire for Agni to have a long, uninjured life and to perform his duties as a divine messenger. Agni is asked to carry the offerings to the gods with a good disposition.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कुर्मः ते आयुः अजरं यत् अग्ने kurmáḥ te ā́yuḥ ajáram yát agne (11 syllables)
- B. यथा युक्तः जातवेदः न रिष्याः yáthā yuktáḥ jātavedaḥ ná ríṣyāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. वहासि सुमनस्यमानः átha + vahāsi sumanasyámānaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. भागं देवेभ्यः हविषः सुजात् bhāgám devébhyaḥ havíṣaḥ sujāta (11 syllables)
कुर्मः (kurmáḥ)
we make, we give
ते (te)
to you
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
अजरं (ajáram)
unfading, undecaying
यत् (yát)
so that
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
यथा (yáthā)
how, as
युक्तः (yuktáḥ)
engaged, employed
जातवेदः (jātavedaḥ)
O knower of births
न (ná)
not
रिष्याः (ríṣyāḥ)
you may be harmed
(átha +)
वहासि (vahāsi)
you carry
सुमनस्यमानः (sumanasyámānaḥ)
being benevolent, well-disposed
भागं (bhāgám)
share, portion
देवेभ्यः (devébhyaḥ)
to the gods
हविषः (havíṣaḥ)
of the offering
सुजात् (sujāta)
O nobly born one
Stanza 10.51.8
प्र॒या॒जान्मे॑ अनुया॒जाँश्च॒ केव॑ला॒नूर्ज॑स्वन्तं ह॒विषो॑ दत्त भा॒गम् | घृ॒तं चा॒पां पुरु॑षं॒ चौष॑धीनाम॒ग्नेश्च॑ दी॒र्घमायु॑रस्तु देवाः ||
prayājā́n me anuyājā́ṁś ca kévalān ū́rjasvantaṁ havíṣo datta bhāgám ghr̥táṁ cāpā́m púruṣaṁ caúṣadhīnām agnéś ca dīrghám ā́yur astu devāḥ
Grant us, O gods, the first and final offerings completely, the potent share of the offering. Grant the essence of waters and plants, and long life for Agni.
The stanza is a prayer from humans to the gods, asking them to bestow the initial and final sacrificial offerings ('prayājas' and 'anuyājas') in full. They ask for potent portions of the offerings, the essence of waters and plants, and long life for Agni.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्रयाजान् मे अनुयाजान् च केवलां prayājā́n me anuyājā́n ca kévalān (12 syllables)
- B. ऊर्जस्वन्तं हविषः दत्त भागं ū́rjasvantam havíṣaḥ datta bhāgám (11 syllables)
- C. घृतं च अपां पुरुषं च ओषधीनां ghr̥tám ca apā́m púruṣam ca óṣadhīnām (11 syllables)
- D. अग्नेः च दीर्घं आयुः अस्तु देवाः agnéḥ ca dīrghám ā́yuḥ astu devāḥ (11 syllables)
प्रयाजान् (prayājā́n)
first offerings
मे (me)
to me
अनुयाजान् (anuyājā́n)
final offerings
च (ca)
and
केवलां (kévalān)
complete, entire
ऊर्जस्वन्तं (ū́rjasvantam)
potent, energetic
हविषः (havíṣaḥ)
of the offering
दत्त (datta)
give
भागं (bhāgám)
share, portion
घृतं (ghr̥tám)
fat, ghee
च (ca)
and
अपां (apā́m)
of waters
पुरुषं (púruṣam)
essence, vitality
च (ca)
and
ओषधीनां (óṣadhīnām)
of plants
अग्नेः (agnéḥ)
of Agni
च (ca)
and
दीर्घं (dīrghám)
long
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
अस्तु (astu)
may it be
देवाः (devāḥ)
O gods
Stanza 10.51.9
तव॑ प्रया॒जा अ॑नुया॒जाश्च॒ केव॑ल॒ ऊर्ज॑स्वन्तो ह॒विषः॑ सन्तु भा॒गाः | तवा॑ग्ने य॒ज्ञो॒३॒॑ऽयम॑स्तु॒ सर्व॒स्तुभ्यं॑ नमन्तां प्र॒दिश॒श्चत॑स्रः ||
táva prayājā́ anuyājā́ś ca kévala ū́rjasvanto havíṣaḥ santu bhāgā́ḥ távāgne yajñò 'yám astu sárvas túbhyaṁ namantām pradíśaś cátasraḥ
May your first and final offerings be entirely mine, O Agni, full of strength. May this entire sacrifice be yours. May the four directions bow to you.
This verse is Agni's response to the previous prayer. He declares that the first and final offerings, full of strength, should be his. Agni asserts that this entire sacrifice belongs to him, and requests that all four directions bow down to him.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. तवा प्रयाजाः अनुयाजाः च केवले táva prayājā́ḥ anuyājā́ḥ ca kévale (13 syllables)
- B. ऊर्जस्वन्तः हविषः सन्तु भागाः ū́rjasvantaḥ havíṣaḥ santu bhāgā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. तवा अग्ने यज्ञो अयम् अस्तु सर्व táva agne yajñáḥ ayám astu sárvaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. तुभ्यं नमन्तां प्रदिशः चतस्रः túbhyam namantām pradíśaḥ cátasraḥ (11 syllables)
तवा (táva)
yours
प्रयाजाः (prayājā́ḥ)
first offerings
अनुयाजाः (anuyājā́ḥ)
final offerings
च (ca)
and
केवले (kévale)
entire, complete
ऊर्जस्वन्तः (ū́rjasvantaḥ)
full of strength
हविषः (havíṣaḥ)
of the offering
सन्तु (santu)
may they be
भागाः (bhāgā́ḥ)
shares, portions
तवा (táva)
yours
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
यज्ञो (yajñáḥ)
sacrifice
अयम् (ayám)
this
अस्तु (astu)
may it be
सर्व (sárvaḥ)
all
तुभ्यं (túbhyam)
to you
नमन्तां (namantām)
may they bow
प्रदिशः (pradíśaḥ)
directions
चतस्रः (cátasraḥ)
four