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Stanza 10.4.1
प्र ते॑ यक्षि॒ प्र त॑ इयर्मि॒ मन्म॒ भुवो॒ यथा॒ वन्द्यो॑ नो॒ हवे॑षु | धन्व॑न्निव प्र॒पा अ॑सि॒ त्वम॑ग्न इय॒क्षवे॑ पू॒रवे॑ प्रत्न राजन् ||
prá te yakṣi prá ta iyarmi mánma bhúvo yáthā vándyo no háveṣu dhánvann iva prapā́ asi tvám agna iyakṣáve pūráve pratna rājan
I send forth praise to you, and offer worship; you are worthy of praise when we call upon you. Agni, you are like a life-giving spring for those who desire to worship, O ancient, reigning king.
This verse is an invocation to Agni, the god of fire. The poet expresses his intention to offer praise and worship to Agni, acknowledging his presence and willingness to be invoked. Agni is described as a life-sustaining source, like a wellspring in a desert, for those who wish to perform rituals and devotion.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र ते यक्षि प्र ते इयर्मि मन्म prá te yakṣi prá te iyarmi mánma (11 syllables)
- B. भुवो यथा वन्द्यो नः हवेषु bhúvaḥ yáthā vándyaḥ naḥ háveṣu (11 syllables)
- C. धन्वन्निव इव प्रपा असि त्वम अग्ने dhánvan iva prapā́ asi tvám agne (11 syllables)
- D. इयक्षवे पूरवे प्रत्न राजन् iyakṣáve pūráve pratna rājan (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth
ते (te)
to you
यक्षि (yakṣi)
I will worship
प्र (prá)
forth
ते (te)
to you
इयर्मि (iyarmi)
I will send
मन्म (mánma)
praise
भुवो (bhúvaḥ)
you may be
यथा (yáthā)
as
वन्द्यो (vándyaḥ)
worthy of praise
नः (naḥ)
when we
हवेषु (háveṣu)
in calls
धन्वन्निव (dhánvan)
in the desert
इव (iva)
like
प्रपा (prapā́)
a drinking place, a spring
असि (asi)
you are
त्वम (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
इयक्षवे (iyakṣáve)
for worship
पूरवे (pūráve)
for the worshipper
प्रत्न (pratna)
ancient
राजन् (rājan)
O king
Stanza 10.4.2
यं त्वा॒ जना॑सो अ॒भि सं॒चर॑न्ति॒ गाव॑ उ॒ष्णमि॑व व्र॒जं य॑विष्ठ | दू॒तो दे॒वाना॑मसि॒ मर्त्या॑नाम॒न्तर्म॒हाँश्च॑रसि रोच॒नेन॑ ||
yáṁ tvā jánāso abhí saṁcáranti gā́va uṣṇám iva vrajáṁ yaviṣṭha dūtó devā́nām asi mártyānām antár mahā́ṁś carasi rocanéna
You, to whom people gather, just as cows approach a warm stall, O youngest one. You are the messenger of the gods and mortals, moving as a great one among them with your radiance.
This verse describes Agni as a central figure, drawing people towards him like cattle returning to a warm shed. He is identified as the messenger of both gods and mortals, moving brilliantly among them with his radiance. His presence is vital and connects the divine and human realms.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यं त्वा जनासो अभि संचरन्ति yám tvā jánāsaḥ abhí saṃcáranti (11 syllables)
- B. गाव उष्णमि इव व्रजं यविष्ठ gā́vaḥ uṣṇám iva vrajám yaviṣṭha (11 syllables)
- C. दूतः देवानां असि मर्त्यानाम dūtáḥ devā́nām asi mártyānām (11 syllables)
- D. अन्तर्म महाँश्च चरसि रोचनेन antár mahā́n carasi rocanéna (11 syllables)
यं (yám)
to whom
त्वा (tvā)
you
जनासो (jánāsaḥ)
people
अभि (abhí)
towards
संचरन्ति (saṃcáranti)
they gather
गाव (gā́vaḥ)
cows
उष्णमि (uṣṇám)
warm
इव (iva)
like
व्रजं (vrajám)
stall
यविष्ठ (yaviṣṭha)
O youngest one
दूतः (dūtáḥ)
messenger
देवानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
असि (asi)
you are
मर्त्यानाम (mártyānām)
of mortals
अन्तर्म (antár)
among
महाँश्च (mahā́n)
great
चरसि (carasi)
you move
रोचनेन (rocanéna)
with radiance
Stanza 10.4.3
शिशुं॒ न त्वा॒ जेन्यं॑ व॒र्धय॑न्ती मा॒ता बि॑भर्ति सचन॒स्यमा॑ना | धनो॒रधि॑ प्र॒वता॑ यासि॒ हर्य॒ञ्जिगी॑षसे प॒शुरि॒वाव॑सृष्टः ||
śíśuṁ ná tvā jényaṁ vardháyantī mātā́ bibharti sacanasyámānā dhánor ádhi pravátā yāsi háryañ jígīṣase paśúr ivā́vasr̥ṣṭaḥ
Like a noble infant, the mother nurtures you, her beloved, with affection. You move over the slopes, longing, like a released animal seeking its food.
Agni is depicted as being nurtured like a precious infant by a mother figure, perhaps representing nature or the creative force. He moves with longing over slopes, seeking something like a freed animal seeking its sustenance. This suggests Agni's vital energy and continuous quest.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. शिशुं न त्वा जेन्यं वर्धयन्ती śíśum ná tvā jényam vardháyantī (11 syllables)
- B. माता बिभर्ति सचनस्यमाना mātā́ bibharti sacanasyámānā (11 syllables)
- C. धनोः अधि प्रवता यासि हार्यन् dhánoḥ ádhi pravátā yāsi háryan (11 syllables)
- D. जिगीषसे पशुरि इवाव अवसृष्टः jígīṣase paśúḥ iva ávasr̥ṣṭaḥ (11 syllables)
शिशुं (śíśum)
infant
न (ná)
like
त्वा (tvā)
you
जेन्यं (jényam)
noble
वर्धयन्ती (vardháyantī)
nurturing
माता (mātā́)
mother
बिभर्ति (bibharti)
she bears
सचनस्यमाना (sacanasyámānā)
desiring affection
धनोः (dhánoḥ)
from the slope
अधि (ádhi)
over
प्रवता (pravátā)
with the slope
यासि (yāsi)
you go
हार्यन् (háryan)
desiring
जिगीषसे (jígīṣase)
you seek
पशुरि (paśúḥ)
animal
इवाव (iva)
like
अवसृष्टः (ávasr̥ṣṭaḥ)
released
Stanza 10.4.4
मू॒रा अ॑मूर॒ न व॒यं चि॑कित्वो महि॒त्वम॑ग्ने॒ त्वम॒ङ्ग वि॑त्से | शये॑ व॒व्रिश्चर॑ति जि॒ह्वया॒दन्रे॑रि॒ह्यते॑ युव॒तिं वि॒श्पतिः॒ सन् ||
mūrā́ amūra ná vayáṁ cikitvo mahitvám agne tvám aṅgá vitse śáye vavríś cárati jihváyādán rerihyáte yuvatíṁ viśpátiḥ sán
We are foolish, O wise one, not knowing your greatness; you alone, Agni, understand your might. He lies ready, moving with his tongue, eating and licking; as the lord of the house, he embraces the young maiden.
The poet acknowledges human ignorance compared to Agni's wisdom. Agni is addressed as both foolish (in the plural, referring to humans) and wise (in the singular, directly to Agni). Agni alone understands his own greatness. The verse then metaphorically describes Agni's fiery action, like a predator moving and consuming, with the 'house-lord' interacting with the 'youthful maiden', possibly symbolizing his powerful, dynamic presence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मूरा अमूर न वयं चिकित्वो mūrā́ḥ amūra ná vayám cikitvaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. महित्वम अग्ने त्वम अङ्ग वि ots mahitvám agne tvám aṅgá vitse (11 syllables)
- C. शये वव्रिश्चरति चरति जिह्वया अदन्रे śáye vavríḥ cárati jihváyā adán (11 syllables)
- D. रिह्यते युवतिं विपतिः सन् rerihyáte yuvatím viśpátiḥ sán (11 syllables)
मूरा (mūrā́ḥ)
foolish
अमूर (amūra)
O wise one
न (ná)
not
वयं (vayám)
we
चिकित्वो (cikitvaḥ)
O knowing one
महित्वम (mahitvám)
greatness
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
त्वम (tvám)
you
अङ्ग (aṅgá)
indeed
वि ots (vitse)
you know
शये (śáye)
he lies
वव्रिश्चरति (vavríḥ)
he covers
चरति (cárati)
he moves
जिह्वया (jihváyā)
with his tongue
अदन्रे (adán)
eating
रिह्यते (rerihyáte)
he licks
युवतिं (yuvatím)
young maiden
विपतिः (viśpátiḥ)
lord of the house
सन् (sán)
being
Stanza 10.4.5
कूचि॑ज्जायते॒ सन॑यासु॒ नव्यो॒ वने॑ तस्थौ पलि॒तो धू॒मके॑तुः | अ॒स्ना॒तापो॑ वृष॒भो न प्र वे॑ति॒ सचे॑तसो॒ यं प्र॒णय॑न्त॒ मर्ताः॑ ||
kū́cij jāyate sánayāsu návyo váne tasthau palitó dhūmáketuḥ asnātā́po vr̥ṣabhó ná prá veti sácetaso yám praṇáyanta mártāḥ
He is born anew in ancient fuel; grey and smoke-bannered, he dwells in the forest. Like a bull, not swimming, he moves through the waters. Mortals, with understanding, lead him onward.
Agni is described as being born anew from ancient fuel, possessing a smoky banner and a gray appearance, making the forest his dwelling. He is compared to a powerful bull that navigates through water without swimming. Mortals consciously guide and bring him to his rightful place, highlighting his role in rituals.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कूचि जायते सनयासु नव्यो kū́cit jāyate sánayāsu návyaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. वने तस्थौ पलितो धूNOTEketuḥ váne tasthau palitáḥ dhūmáketuḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अस्नातापो आपः वृषभो न प्र वेति asnātā́ ā́paḥ vr̥ṣabháḥ ná prá veti (11 syllables)
- D. सचेतसो यं प्रणयन्त मर्ताः sácetasaḥ yám praṇáyanta mártāḥ (11 syllables)
कूचि (kū́cit)
ever
जायते (jāyate)
he is born
सनयासु (sánayāsu)
in ancient
नव्यो (návyaḥ)
new
वने (váne)
in the forest
तस्थौ (tasthau)
he remains
पलितो (palitáḥ)
grey
धूNOTEketuḥ (dhūmáketuḥ)
smoke-bannered
अस्नातापो (asnātā́)
not swimming
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
वृषभो (vr̥ṣabháḥ)
bull
न (ná)
not
प्र (prá)
forward
वेति (veti)
he moves
सचेतसो (sácetasaḥ)
with understanding
यं (yám)
whom
प्रणयन्त (praṇáyanta)
leading
मर्ताः (mártāḥ)
mortals
Stanza 10.4.6
त॒नू॒त्यजे॑व॒ तस्क॑रा वन॒र्गू र॑श॒नाभि॑र्द॒शभि॑र॒भ्य॑धीताम् | इ॒यं ते॑ अग्ने॒ नव्य॑सी मनी॒षा यु॒क्ष्वा रथं॒ न शु॒चय॑द्भि॒रङ्गैः॑ ||
tanūtyájeva táskarā vanargū́ raśanā́bhir daśábhir abhy àdhītām iyáṁ te agne návyasī manīṣā́ yukṣvā́ ráthaṁ ná śucáyadbhir áṅgaiḥ
Like thieves who risk their lives and wander in the forest, they have secured him with ten girdles. This is your new hymn, O Agni: yoke your chariot with shining parts.
This verse describes two entities, like thieves who risk their lives in the forest, securing Agni with ten girdles, perhaps referring to the fuel logs or reins. The poet then presents a new hymn for Agni, asking him to yoke his chariot with radiant parts, symbolizing readiness for divine action or journey.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ततूtyaj इव तस्करा वनगू tanūtyájā iva táskarā vanargū́ (11 syllables)
- B. रशनाभिः दशभिः अभि अधीताम् raśanā́bhiḥ daśábhiḥ abhí adhītām (11 syllables)
- C. इयं ते अग्ने नव्यसी मनीषा iyám te agne návyasī manīṣā́ (11 syllables)
- D. रथं न शुचयदि अङ्गैः yukṣvá + rátham ná śucáyadbhiḥ áṅgaiḥ (11 syllables)
ततूtyaj (tanūtyájā)
risking their bodies
इव (iva)
like
तस्करा (táskarā)
thieves
वनगू (vanargū́)
wandering in the forest
रशनाभिः (raśanā́bhiḥ)
with girdles
दशभिः (daśábhiḥ)
ten
अभि (abhí)
around
अधीताम् (adhītām)
they secured
इयं (iyám)
this
ते (te)
for you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
नव्यसी (návyasī)
new
मनीषा (manīṣā́)
hymn
(yukṣvá +)
रथं (rátham)
chariot
न (ná)
as
शुचयदि (śucáyadbhiḥ)
shining
अङ्गैः (áṅgaiḥ)
with parts
Stanza 10.4.7
ब्रह्म॑ च ते जातवेदो॒ नम॑श्चे॒यं च॒ गीः सद॒मिद्वर्ध॑नी भूत् | रक्षा॑ णो अग्ने॒ तन॑यानि तो॒का रक्षो॒त न॑स्त॒न्वो॒३॒॑ अप्र॑युच्छन् ||
bráhma ca te jātavedo námaś ceyáṁ ca gī́ḥ sádam íd várdhanī bhūt rákṣā ṇo agne tánayāni tokā́ rákṣotá nas tanvò áprayuchan
Prayer and homage are yours, O Jātavedas; may this song of mine ever increase you. Agni, protect our children and our bodies, do not fail us.
The poet offers both prayer ('brahma') and homage ('namah') to Agni, who is addressed as 'Jatavedas' (knower of all births). He expresses that his song ('gih') will continually strengthen Agni. The verse concludes with a plea for Agni's protection for their children and bodies, urging him to act without fail.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ब्रह्म च ते जातवेदो नमश्चेयं च bráhma ca te jātavedaḥ námaḥ ca (11 syllables)
- B. इयं च गीः सदमि इद्वर्ध नी भूत iyám ca gī́ḥ sádam ít várdhanī bhūt (11 syllables)
- C. नः अग्ने तन्यानि तोका rákṣa + naḥ agne tánayāni tokā́ (11 syllables)
- D. रक्षो उत नः तन्वो अप्रयुच्छन् rákṣa utá naḥ tanvàḥ áprayuchan (11 syllables)
ब्रह्म (bráhma)
prayer
च (ca)
and
ते (te)
yours
जातवेदो (jātavedaḥ)
O knower of births
नमश्चेयं (námaḥ)
homage
च (ca)
and
इयं (iyám)
this
च (ca)
and
गीः (gī́ḥ)
song
सदमि (sádam)
always
इद्वर्ध (ít)
indeed
नी (várdhanī)
increasing
भूत (bhūt)
may it be
(rákṣa +)
नः (naḥ)
our
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
तन्यानि (tánayāni)
offspring
तोका (tokā́)
descendants
रक्षो (rákṣa)
protect
उत (utá)
and
नः (naḥ)
our
तन्वो (tanvàḥ)
bodies
अप्रयुच्छन् (áprayuchan)
without failing