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Stanza 10.14.1
प॒रे॒यि॒वांसं॑ प्र॒वतो॑ म॒हीरनु॑ ब॒हुभ्यः॒ पन्था॑मनुपस्पशा॒नम् | वै॒व॒स्व॒तं सं॒गम॑नं॒ जना॑नां य॒मं राजा॑नं ह॒विषा॑ दुवस्य ||
pareyivā́ṁsam praváto mahī́r ánu bahúbhyaḥ pánthām anupaspaśānám vaivasvatáṁ saṁgámanaṁ jánānāṁ yamáṁ rā́jānaṁ havíṣā duvasya
We honor Yama, the king, son of Vivasvan, who gathers people, having gone to the great heights, having perceived the path for many, with offerings.
This verse is a prayer to Yama, the god of the dead and ruler of the underworld. It describes him as the son of Vivasvan, who has traveled to the highest realms and guides many people on their paths. The stanza urges the devotee to honor Yama with offerings, recognizing his role as the gatherer of all beings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. परेयि • प्रवतः महीः अनु pareyivā́ṃsam pravátaḥ mahī́ḥ ánu (12 syllables)
- B. बहुभ्यः पन्थाम् अनुपस्पशानम् bahúbhyaḥ pánthām anupaspaśānám (11 syllables)
- C. वैवस्वतम् संगमनम् जनानाम् vaivasvatám saṃgámanam jánānām (11 syllables)
- D. यमम् राजानम् हविषा दुवस्य yamám rā́jānam havíṣā duvasya (11 syllables)
परेयि • (pareyivā́ṃsam)
having gone beyond
प्रवतः (pravátaḥ)
heights, slopes
महीः (mahī́ḥ)
great
अनु (ánu)
along, after
बहुभ्यः (bahúbhyaḥ)
for many
पन्थाम् (pánthām)
path
अनुपस्पशानम् (anupaspaśānám)
having observed, having perceived
वैवस्वतम् (vaivasvatám)
son of Vivasvan
संगमनम् (saṃgámanam)
gathering, assembly
जनानाम् (jánānām)
of people
यमम् (yamám)
Yama (the god)
राजानम् (rā́jānam)
king
हविषा (havíṣā)
with offering
दुवस्य (duvasya)
serve, honor
Stanza 10.14.2
य॒मो नो॑ गा॒तुं प्र॑थ॒मो वि॑वेद॒ नैषा गव्यू॑ति॒रप॑भर्त॒वा उ॑ | यत्रा॑ नः॒ पूर्वे॑ पि॒तरः॑ परे॒युरे॒ना ज॑ज्ञा॒नाः प॒थ्या॒३॒॑ अनु॒ स्वाः ||
yamó no gātúm prathamó viveda naíṣā́ gávyūtir ápabhartavā́ u yátrā naḥ pū́rve pitáraḥ pareyúr enā́ jajñānā́ḥ pathyāā̀ ánu svā́ḥ
Yama first discovered the path for us. This pasture (or path) is not to be taken away. Where our former fathers went, the later born have gone according to their own paths.
This verse continues the address to Yama, praising him as the first to find a path or dwelling place. It states that this path or place is secure and cannot be taken away. The stanza reflects on the journey of ancestors who have already passed on and suggests that those born later follow their own distinct paths.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यमः नः गातुम् प्रथमः विवेद yamáḥ naḥ gātúm prathamáḥ viveda (11 syllables)
- B. न एषा गव्यूतिः अपभर्तवै उ ná eṣā́ gávyūtiḥ ápabhartavaí u (11 syllables)
- C. यत्रा नः पूर्वे पितरः परेयुः yátra + naḥ pū́rve pitáraḥ pareyúḥ (11 syllables)
- D. एना जज्ञानाः पथ्याः अनु स्वाः enā́ jajñānā́ḥ pathyā̀ḥ ánu svā́ḥ (11 syllables)
यमः (yamáḥ)
Yama (the god)
नः (naḥ)
our
गातुम् (gātúm)
path, way, pasture
प्रथमः (prathamáḥ)
first
विवेद (viveda)
found, discovered
न (ná)
not
एषा (eṣā́)
this
गव्यूतिः (gávyūtiḥ)
pasture, expanse, path
अपभर्तवै (ápabhartavaí)
to be taken away
उ (u)
indeed, emphasis
यत्रा (yátra +)
where
नः (naḥ)
our
पूर्वे (pū́rve)
former, ancient
पितरः (pitáraḥ)
fathers
परेयुः (pareyúḥ)
went away, departed
एना (enā́)
these, by these
जज्ञानाः (jajñānā́ḥ)
born
पथ्याः (pathyā̀ḥ)
paths
अनु (ánu)
according to
स्वाः (svā́ḥ)
their own
Stanza 10.14.3
मात॑ली क॒व्यैर्य॒मो अङ्गि॑रोभि॒र्बृह॒स्पति॒र्ऋक्व॑भिर्वावृधा॒नः | याँश्च॑ दे॒वा वा॑वृ॒धुर्ये च॑ दे॒वान्त्स्वाहा॒न्ये स्व॒धया॒न्ये म॑दन्ति ||
mā́talī kavyaír yamó áṅgirobhir bŕ̥haspátir ŕ̥kvabhir vāvr̥dhānáḥ yā́ṁś ca devā́ vāvr̥dhúr yé ca devā́n svā́hānyé svadháyānyé madanti
Matali prospers with sacred verses, Yama with the Angiras, Brihaspati with the Rkvans. Those whom the gods have increased, and those who increase the gods, some rejoice in praise (Swaha), others in our offerings (Swadha).
This verse lists various revered beings and deities who are nourished and grow through sacred practices and offerings. It mentions Matali (perhaps an epithet of Yama or a companion), Yama with the Angiras (ancient sages), and Brihaspati (the god of wisdom and speech) with the Rkvans (a type of sage or hymn). It highlights that some are strengthened by the gods, while others find joy in praise (Swaha) or in our offerings (Swadha).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मातली कव्यैः यमः अङ्गिरोभिः mā́talī kavyaíḥ yamáḥ áṅgirobhiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. बृहस्पतिः ऋक्वभिः वावृधानाः bŕ̥haspátiḥ ŕ̥kvabhiḥ vāvr̥dhānáḥ (11 syllables)
- C. याँश्च च देवाः वावृधुः ये च देवॉन् yā́n ca devā́ḥ vāvr̥dhúḥ yé ca devā́n (11 syllables)
- D. स्वाहा अन्ये स्वधया अन्ये मदन्ति svā́hā anyé svadháyā anyé madanti (11 syllables)
मातली (mā́talī)
Matali (perhaps an epithet or companion)
कव्यैः (kavyaíḥ)
with hymns or sacred verses
यमः (yamáḥ)
Yama (the god)
अङ्गिरोभिः (áṅgirobhiḥ)
with the Angiras (sages)
बृहस्पतिः (bŕ̥haspátiḥ)
Brihaspati (lord of prayer)
ऋक्वभिः (ŕ̥kvabhiḥ)
with the Rkvans (related to hymns)
वावृधानाः (vāvr̥dhānáḥ)
growing, increasing
याँश्च (yā́n)
whom
च (ca)
and
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
वावृधुः (vāvr̥dhúḥ)
increased, strengthened
ये (yé)
who
च (ca)
and
देवॉन् (devā́n)
gods
स्वाहा (svā́hā)
in praise, exclamation of offering
अन्ये (anyé)
others
स्वधया (svadháyā)
with ancestral offerings, with own will
अन्ये (anyé)
others
मदन्ति (madanti)
rejoice, are delighted
Stanza 10.14.4
इ॒मं य॑म प्रस्त॒रमा हि सीदाङ्गि॑रोभिः पि॒तृभिः॑ संविदा॒नः | आ त्वा॒ मन्त्राः॑ कविश॒स्ता व॑हन्त्वे॒ना रा॑जन्ह॒विषा॑ मादयस्व ||
imáṁ yama prastarám ā́ hí sī́dā́ṅgirobhiḥ pitŕ̥bhiḥ saṁvidānáḥ ā́ tvā mántrāḥ kaviśastā́ vahantv enā́ rājan havíṣā mādayasva
Yama, come and sit on this prepared grass. Being in agreement with the Angiras and the Fathers. Let the words praised by the sages carry you. King, delight yourself with this offering.
This verse is an invitation to Yama to be comfortable and accept the offerings. The devotee asks Yama to sit on the prepared grass seat, joining him with the Angiras sages and the ancestors (Fathers). The stanza states that hymns composed by sages should carry Yama to this place, and that he should be pleased with the oblations presented.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इमम् यम प्रस्तरम् आ हि सीदा imám yama prastarám ā́ hí sī́da (11 syllables)
- B. अङ्गिरोभिः पितृभिः संविदानाः áṅgirobhiḥ pitŕ̥bhiḥ saṃvidānáḥ (11 syllables)
- C. आ त्वा मन्त्राः कविशस्ताः वहन्तु ā́ tvā mántrāḥ kaviśastā́ḥ vahantu (11 syllables)
- D. एना राजन् हविषा मादयस्व enā́ rājan havíṣā mādayasva (11 syllables)
इमम् (imám)
this
यम (yama)
O Yama
प्रस्तरम् (prastarám)
grass seat, spread
आ (ā́)
towards
हि (hí)
indeed, surely
सीदा (sī́da)
sit down
अङ्गिरोभिः (áṅgirobhiḥ)
with the Angiras (sages)
पितृभिः (pitŕ̥bhiḥ)
with the fathers
संविदानाः (saṃvidānáḥ)
in agreement, in accord
आ (ā́)
towards
त्वा (tvā)
you
मन्त्राः (mántrāḥ)
hymns, incantations
कविशस्ताः (kaviśastā́ḥ)
praised by the sages
वहन्तु (vahantu)
carry, convey
एना (enā́)
this
राजन् (rājan)
O King
हविषा (havíṣā)
with offering
मादयस्व (mādayasva)
rejoice, be delighted
Stanza 10.14.5
अङ्गि॑रोभि॒रा ग॑हि य॒ज्ञिये॑भि॒र्यम॑ वैरू॒पैरि॒ह मा॑दयस्व | विव॑स्वन्तं हुवे॒ यः पि॒ता ते॒ऽस्मिन्य॒ज्ञे ब॒र्हिष्या नि॒षद्य॑ ||
áṅgirobhir ā́ gahi yajñíyebhir yáma vairūpaír ihá mādayasva vívasvantaṁ huve yáḥ pitā́ te 'smín yajñé barhíṣy ā́ niṣádya
Come, Yama, with the holy ones, with the Angiras. Rejoice here with the sons of Virupa. I call Vivasvan, your father, who is seated on the sacred grass at this ritual.
This verse is another invocation, asking Yama to come with the sacred Angiras sages and the descendants of Virupa. The speaker wishes Yama to rejoice in this place and invites Vivasvan, Yama's father, to join the ritual, to be seated on the sacred grass.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अङ्गिरोभिः आ गहि यज्ञियेभिः áṅgirobhiḥ ā́ gahi yajñíyebhiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. यम वैरू पैः इह मादयस्व yáma vairūpaíḥ ihá mādayasva (11 syllables)
- C. विवस्न्तम् हुवे यः पिता ते vívasvantam huve yáḥ pitā́ te (10 syllables)
- D. अस्मिन् यज्ञे बर्हिषि आ निषद्य asmín yajñé barhíṣi ā́ niṣádya (11 syllables)
अङ्गिरोभिः (áṅgirobhiḥ)
with the Angiras (sages)
आ (ā́)
down
गहि (gahi)
come
यज्ञियेभिः (yajñíyebhiḥ)
with the sacred ones
यम (yáma)
O Yama
वैरू पैः (vairūpaíḥ)
with the sons of Virupa
इह (ihá)
here
मादयस्व (mādayasva)
rejoice, be delighted
विवस्न्तम् (vívasvantam)
Vivasvan (Yama's father)
हुवे (huve)
I call
यः (yáḥ)
who
पिता (pitā́)
father
ते (te)
your
अस्मिन् (asmín)
in this
यज्ञे (yajñé)
in the ritual
बर्हिषि (barhíṣi)
on the sacred grass
आ (ā́)
down
निषद्य (niṣádya)
having sat down
Stanza 10.14.6
अङ्गि॑रसो नः पि॒तरो॒ नव॑ग्वा॒ अथ॑र्वाणो॒ भृग॑वः सो॒म्यासः॑ | तेषां॑ व॒यं सु॑म॒तौ य॒ज्ञिया॑ना॒मपि॑ भ॒द्रे सौ॑मन॒से स्या॑म ||
áṅgiraso naḥ pitáro návagvā átharvāṇo bhŕ̥gavaḥ somyā́saḥ téṣāṁ vayáṁ sumataú yajñíyānām ápi bhadré saumanasé syāma
Our fathers are the Angiras, Navagvas, Atharvans, Bhrigus, who love Soma. May we be in the good disposition and pleasant mood of those worthy of worship.
This verse identifies the 'Fathers' (ancestors) as belonging to specific ancient lineages: the Angiras, Navagvas, Atharvans, and Bhrigus, all associated with Soma. The speaker expresses a desire to remain in the good favor and pleasant disposition of these revered ancestors.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अङ्गिरसः नः पितरः नवग्वाः áṅgirasaḥ naḥ pitáraḥ návagvāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अथर्वाणः भृगवः सोम्यासाः átharvāṇaḥ bhŕ̥gavaḥ somyā́saḥ (11 syllables)
- C. तेषाम् वयं सुमतौ यज्ञियानाम् téṣām vayám sumataú yajñíyānām (11 syllables)
- D. अपि भद्र सौमनसे स्याम ápi bhadré saumanasé syāma (11 syllables)
अङ्गिरसः (áṅgirasaḥ)
the Angiras (a lineage of sages)
नः (naḥ)
our
पितरः (pitáraḥ)
fathers
नवग्वाः (návagvāḥ)
the Navagvas (a lineage)
अथर्वाणः (átharvāṇaḥ)
the Atharvans (a lineage)
भृगवः (bhŕ̥gavaḥ)
the Bhrigus (a lineage)
सोम्यासाः (somyā́saḥ)
Soma-loving, associated with Soma
तेषाम् (téṣām)
of them
वयं (vayám)
we
सुमतौ (sumataú)
in good favor, good disposition
यज्ञियानाम् (yajñíyānām)
of those worthy of worship
अपि (ápi)
also, indeed
भद्र (bhadré)
in good, auspicious
सौमनसे (saumanasé)
in pleasant mood, good will
स्याम (syāma)
may we be
Stanza 10.14.7
प्रेहि॒ प्रेहि॑ प॒थिभिः॑ पू॒र्व्येभि॒र्यत्रा॑ नः॒ पूर्वे॑ पि॒तरः॑ परे॒युः | उ॒भा राजा॑ना स्व॒धया॒ मद॑न्ता य॒मं प॑श्यासि॒ वरु॑णं च दे॒वम् ||
préhi préhi pathíbhiḥ pūrvyébhir yátrā naḥ pū́rve pitáraḥ pareyúḥ ubhā́ rā́jānā svadháyā mádantā yamám paśyāsi váruṇaṁ ca devám
Go forth, go forth on the ancient paths, where our former fathers went. There, enjoying their offerings, you will see both kings, Yama and the god Varuna.
This verse is an exhortation for the deceased to proceed on their journey. It instructs them to go forth on the ancient paths, the same paths taken by their ancestors. The stanza concludes by stating that in that realm, the deceased will see both Yama and Varuna, the two kings, rejoicing with their offerings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्रे हि प्रे हि पथिभिः पूर्व्येभिः prá ihi prá ihi pathíbhiḥ pūrvyébhiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. यत्रा नः पूर्वे पितरः परेयुः yátra + naḥ pū́rve pitáraḥ pareyúḥ (11 syllables)
- C. उभा राजान स्वधया मदन्ता ubhā́ rā́jānā svadháyā mádantā (11 syllables)
- D. यमम् पश्यासि वरुणम् च देवम् yamám paśyāsi váruṇam ca devám (11 syllables)
प्रे (prá)
forth
हि (ihi)
go
प्रे (prá)
forth
हि (ihi)
go
पथिभिः (pathíbhiḥ)
on the paths
पूर्व्येभिः (pūrvyébhiḥ)
ancient
यत्रा (yátra +)
where
नः (naḥ)
our
पूर्वे (pū́rve)
former, ancient
पितरः (pitáraḥ)
fathers
परेयुः (pareyúḥ)
went away, departed
उभा (ubhā́)
both
राजान (rā́jānā)
two kings
स्वधया (svadháyā)
with ancestral offerings
मदन्ता (mádantā)
rejoicing, delighting
यमम् (yamám)
Yama (the god)
पश्यासि (paśyāsi)
you will see
वरुणम् (váruṇam)
Varuna (a deity)
च (ca)
and
देवम् (devám)
god
Stanza 10.14.8
सं ग॑च्छस्व पि॒तृभिः॒ सं य॒मेने॑ष्टापू॒र्तेन॑ पर॒मे व्यो॑मन् | हि॒त्वाया॑व॒द्यं पुन॒रस्त॒मेहि॒ सं ग॑च्छस्व त॒न्वा॑ सु॒वर्चाः॑ ||
sáṁ gachasva pitŕ̥bhiḥ sáṁ yaméneṣṭāpūrténa paramé vyòman hitvā́yāvadyám púnar ástam éhi sáṁ gachasva tanvāā̀ suvárcāḥ
Unite with the fathers and with Yama, with the rewards of deeds in the highest heaven. Leaving behind imperfection, return home. Unite with your radiant body.
This verse offers instructions for the soul's journey after death. It advises to unite with the Fathers and Yama, and with the rewards of righteous deeds (Iṣṭāpūrta) in the highest heaven. The soul is instructed to leave behind imperfections and return to a new, radiant body, suggesting a cycle of rebirth or transformation.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सं गच्छस्व पितृभिः सं यमेन sám gachasva pitŕ̥bhiḥ sám yaména (11 syllables)
- B. इष्टापूर्तेन परमे व्योमन् iṣṭāpūrténa paramé vyòman (11 syllables)
- C. हित्वा अवद्यम् पुनर अस्तम् आ इहि hitvā́ya avadyám púnar ástam ā́ ihi (11 syllables)
- D. सं गच्छस्व तन्वा सुवर्चाः sám gachasva tanvā̀ suvárcāḥ (11 syllables)
सं (sám)
together
गच्छस्व (gachasva)
unite, go together
पितृभिः (pitŕ̥bhiḥ)
with the fathers
सं (sám)
together
यमेन (yaména)
with Yama
इष्टापूर्तेन (iṣṭāpūrténa)
with righteous deeds (sacrifices and acts of devotion)
परमे (paramé)
in the highest
व्योमन् (vyòman)
heaven, sky
हित्वा (hitvā́ya)
having left
अवद्यम् (avadyám)
imperfection, sin
पुनर (púnar)
again
अस्तम् (ástam)
home, dwelling
आ (ā́)
towards
इहि (ihi)
go
सं (sám)
together
गच्छस्व (gachasva)
unite, go together
तन्वा (tanvā̀)
with the body
सुवर्चाः (suvárcāḥ)
radiant, glorious
Stanza 10.14.9
अपे॑त॒ वी॑त॒ वि च॑ सर्प॒तातो॒ऽस्मा ए॒तं पि॒तरो॑ लो॒कम॑क्रन् | अहो॑भिर॒द्भिर॒क्तुभि॒र्व्य॑क्तं य॒मो द॑दात्यव॒सान॑मस्मै ||
ápeta vīā̀ta ví ca sarpatā́to 'smā́ etám pitáro lokám akran áhobhir adbhír aktúbhir vyàktaṁ yamó dadāty avasā́nam asmai
Depart, go away, disperse and scatter from here. For this person, the Fathers have made this world. Yama gives him a place of rest with days, waters, and lights.
This verse addresses beings that obstruct the path, instructing them to move away. It states that the Fathers have prepared this dwelling place. Yama is described as granting a resting place, distinguished by days, waters, and lights, signifying a peaceful abode after the journey.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अपे इत वि इत वि च सर्पतातो अत ápa ita ví ita ví ca sarpata átas (11 syllables)
- B. अस्मै एतं पितरः लोकम् अक्रन् asmaí etám pitáraḥ lokám akran (11 syllables)
- C. अहोभिः अद्भिर अक्तुभिः व्यक्तं áhobhiḥ adbhíḥ aktúbhiḥ vyàktam (11 syllables)
- D. यमः ददाति अवसानम् अस्मै yamáḥ dadāti avasā́nam asmai (11 syllables)
अपे (ápa)
away
इत (ita)
go
वि (ví)
apart, away
इत (ita)
go
वि (ví)
apart, away
च (ca)
and
सर्पतातो (sarpata)
move away, spread out
अत (átas)
from here
अस्मै (asmaí)
for him
एतं (etám)
this
पितरः (pitáraḥ)
fathers
लोकम् (lokám)
world, place
अक्रन् (akran)
made, created
अहोभिः (áhobhiḥ)
with days
अद्भिर (adbhíḥ)
with waters
अक्तुभिः (aktúbhiḥ)
with lights, nights
व्यक्तं (vyàktam)
distinguished, clear
यमः (yamáḥ)
Yama (the god)
ददाति (dadāti)
gives
अवसानम् (avasā́nam)
resting place, dwelling
अस्मै (asmai)
for him
Stanza 10.14.10
अति॑ द्रव सारमे॒यौ श्वानौ॑ चतुर॒क्षौ श॒बलौ॑ सा॒धुना॑ प॒था | अथा॑ पि॒तॄन्त्सु॑वि॒दत्राँ॒ उपे॑हि य॒मेन॒ ये स॑ध॒मादं॒ मद॑न्ति ||
áti drava sārameyaú śvā́nau caturakṣaú śabálau sādhúnā pathā́ áthā pitr̥ŕ̥n suvidátrām̐ úpehi yaména yé sadhamā́dam mádanti
Run forward on this good path, passing the two dogs, Sarama's offspring, the four-eyed, spotted ones. Then approach the generous Fathers, who delight with Yama.
This verse is a command to move swiftly and bypass obstacles on the path. The deceased is told to outrun Yama's two dogs, Sarama's offspring, which are described as four-eyed and brindled. After passing them, the deceased should approach the benevolent Fathers who are joyfully gathered with Yama.
Meter:
- A. अति द्रव सारमेयाव श्वानौ áti drava sārameyaú śvā́nau (11 syllables)
- B. चतुरक्षौ शबलो साधुना पथा caturakṣaú śabálau sādhúnā pathā́ (12 syllables)
- C. अथा पितृन् सुविदात्राँ उप इहि átha + pitr̥̄́n suvidátrān úpa ihi (12 syllables)
- D. यमेन ये सधमादम् मदन्ति yaména yé sadhamā́dam mádanti (11 syllables)
अति (áti)
beyond
द्रव (drava)
run
सारमेयाव (sārameyaú)
offspring of Sarama
श्वानौ (śvā́nau)
two dogs
चतुरक्षौ (caturakṣaú)
four-eyed
शबलो (śabálau)
spotted, brindled
साधुना (sādhúnā)
good, straight
पथा (pathā́)
on the path
अथा (átha +)
then
पितृन् (pitr̥̄́n)
fathers
सुविदात्राँ (suvidátrān)
generous, bestowing well
उप (úpa)
near, towards
इहि (ihi)
go
यमेन (yaména)
with Yama
ये (yé)
who
सधमादम् (sadhamā́dam)
sharing the same feast, delighting together
मदन्ति (mádanti)
rejoice, delight
Stanza 10.14.11
यौ ते॒ श्वानौ॑ यम रक्षि॒तारौ॑ चतुर॒क्षौ प॑थि॒रक्षी॑ नृ॒चक्ष॑सौ | ताभ्या॑मेनं॒ परि॑ देहि राजन्त्स्व॒स्ति चा॑स्मा अनमी॒वं च॑ धेहि ||
yaú te śvā́nau yama rakṣitā́rau caturakṣaú pathirákṣī nr̥cákṣasau tā́bhyām enam pári dehi rājan svastí cāsmā anamīváṁ ca dhehi
O King, hand this person over to your two dogs, Yama, the guardians, the four-eyed, path-watching, people-observing ones. Grant him well-being and freedom from illness.
This verse is a direct address to Yama, requesting him to entrust the deceased to his two guardian dogs. These dogs are described as four-eyed, watching the path, and observing people. The king (Yama) is asked to grant the deceased well-being and a state free from sickness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यौ ते श्वानौ यम रक्षितारौ yaú te śvā́nau yama rakṣitā́rau (11 syllables)
- B. चतुरक्षौ पथिराक्षी नृचक्षसौ caturakṣaú pathirákṣī nr̥cákṣasau (12 syllables)
- C. ताभ्याम् एनम् परि देहि राजन् tā́bhyām enam pári dehi rājan (11 syllables)
- D. स्वस्ति च अस्मै अनामीवम् च धेहि svastí ca asmai anamīvám ca dhehi (11 syllables)
यौ (yaú)
who (dual)
ते (te)
your
श्वानौ (śvā́nau)
two dogs
यम (yama)
O Yama
रक्षितारौ (rakṣitā́rau)
guardians
चतुरक्षौ (caturakṣaú)
four-eyed
पथिराक्षी (pathirákṣī)
path-watching
नृचक्षसौ (nr̥cákṣasau)
seeing men, people-observing
ताभ्याम् (tā́bhyām)
to them (dual)
एनम् (enam)
him
परि (pári)
around, to
देहि (dehi)
give, entrust
राजन् (rājan)
O King
स्वस्ति (svastí)
well-being, welfare
च (ca)
and
अस्मै (asmai)
for him
अनामीवम् (anamīvám)
without sickness, healthy
च (ca)
and
धेहि (dhehi)
place, bestow
Stanza 10.14.12
उ॒रू॒ण॒साव॑सु॒तृपा॑ उदुम्ब॒लौ य॒मस्य॑ दू॒तौ च॑रतो॒ जनाँ॒ अनु॑ | ताव॒स्मभ्यं॑ दृ॒शये॒ सूर्या॑य॒ पुन॑र्दाता॒मसु॑म॒द्येह भ॒द्रम् ||
urūṇasā́v asutŕ̥pā udumbalaú yamásya dūtaú carato jánām̐ ánu tā́v asmábhyaṁ dr̥śáye sū́ryāya púnar dātām ásum adyéhá bhadrám
The two messengers of Yama, dark-hued and greedy for life, roam among people. May they give us back a good existence here and today, that we may see the sun.
This verse describes Yama's two messengers or dogs, characterizing them as dark-hued, insatiable, with wide nostrils, and associated with Virupa. They are depicted as roaming among people. The stanza is a plea for these messengers to restore a favorable existence and to allow the speaker to see the sunlight, signifying a return to life or a good afterlife.
Meter:
- A. उरूणसाव असुतृपा उदुम्बलो urūṇasaú asutŕ̥pau udumbalaú (12 syllables)
- B. यस्य दूतौ चरतो जनान् अनु yamásya dūtaú carataḥ jánān ánu (12 syllables)
- C. ता अस्मभ्यं दृशये सूर्याय taú asmábhyam dr̥śáye sū́ryāya (11 syllables)
- D. पुन दाताम् असुम् अद्य इह भद्रम् púnar dātām ásum adyá ihá bhadrám (11 syllables)
उरूणसाव (urūṇasaú)
broad-nosed
असुतृपा (asutŕ̥pau)
insatiable, greedy for life
उदुम्बलो (udumbalaú)
brown-hued, perhaps referring to color
यस्य (yamásya)
of Yama
दूतौ (dūtaú)
two messengers
चरतो (carataḥ)
they roam
जनान् (jánān)
people
अनु (ánu)
among, following
ता (taú)
they (dual)
अस्मभ्यं (asmábhyam)
for us
दृशये (dr̥śáye)
to see
सूर्याय (sū́ryāya)
for the sun
पुन (púnar)
again
दाताम् (dātām)
may they give
असुम् (ásum)
life
अद्य (adyá)
today
इह (ihá)
here
भद्रम् (bhadrám)
auspicious, good
Stanza 10.14.13
य॒माय॒ सोमं॑ सुनुत य॒माय॑ जुहुता ह॒विः | य॒मं ह॑ य॒ज्ञो ग॑च्छत्य॒ग्निदू॑तो॒ अरं॑कृतः ||
yamā́ya sómaṁ sunuta yamā́ya juhutā havíḥ yamáṁ ha yajñó gachaty agnídūto áraṁkr̥taḥ
Press the Soma for Yama, offer oblations to Yama. The sacrifice, announced by Agni, goes to Yama.
This verse is a direct instruction to offer Soma and oblations to Yama. It emphasizes that the sacrifice, announced by Agni (the messenger of the gods), will reach Yama. The act of offering is presented as a way to connect with Yama and acknowledge his domain.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. यमाय सोमम् सुनुत yamā́ya sómam sunuta (8 syllables)
- B. यमाय जुहुता हविः yamā́ya juhuta + havíḥ (8 syllables)
- C. यमम् ह यज्ञः गच्छति yamám ha yajñáḥ gachati (8 syllables)
- D. अग्निदूतः अरंकृतः agnídūtaḥ áraṃkr̥taḥ (8 syllables)
यमाय (yamā́ya)
to Yama
सोमम् (sómam)
Soma (a ritual drink)
सुनुत (sunuta)
press, extract
यमाय (yamā́ya)
to Yama
जुहुता (juhuta +)
offer
हविः (havíḥ)
offering
यमम् (yamám)
Yama
ह (ha)
indeed, surely
यज्ञः (yajñáḥ)
sacrifice
गच्छति (gachati)
goes
अग्निदूतः (agnídūtaḥ)
Agni as messenger
अरंकृतः (áraṃkr̥taḥ)
prepared, adorned
Stanza 10.14.14
य॒माय॑ घृ॒तव॑द्ध॒विर्जु॒होत॒ प्र च॑ तिष्ठत | स नो॑ दे॒वेष्वा य॑मद्दी॒र्घमायुः॒ प्र जी॒वसे॑ ||
yamā́ya ghr̥távad dhavír juhóta prá ca tiṣṭhata sá no devéṣv ā́ yamad dīrghám ā́yuḥ prá jīváse
Offer ghee-rich offerings to Yama, and draw near. May he grant us long life among the gods for living.
This verse is a call to action, urging devotees to offer rich oblations to Yama and to approach him. The purpose is to seek his favor, so that he may grant the offerers long life among the gods. It highlights the connection between offerings, divine favor, and longevity.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. यमाय घृतवद् हविः yamā́ya ghr̥távat havíḥ (8 syllables)
- B. जुहोत प्र च तिष्ठत juhóta prá ca tiṣṭhata (8 syllables)
- C. स नः देवेषु आ यमत् sá naḥ devéṣu ā́ yamat (8 syllables)
- D. दीर्घम् आयुः प्र जीवसे dīrghám ā́yuḥ prá jīváse (8 syllables)
यमाय (yamā́ya)
to Yama
घृतवद् (ghr̥távat)
rich in ghee
हविः (havíḥ)
offering
जुहोत (juhóta)
offer
प्र (prá)
forward
च (ca)
and
तिष्ठत (tiṣṭhata)
stand, draw near
स (sá)
he
नः (naḥ)
to us
देवेषु (devéṣu)
among the gods
आ (ā́)
towards
यमत् (yamat)
may he guide
दीर्घम् (dīrghám)
long
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
प्र (prá)
forward
जीवसे (jīváse)
for living
Stanza 10.14.15
य॒माय॒ मधु॑मत्तमं॒ राज्ञे॑ ह॒व्यं जु॑होतन | इ॒दं नम॒ ऋषि॑भ्यः पूर्व॒जेभ्यः॒ पूर्वे॑भ्यः पथि॒कृद्भ्यः॑ ||
yamā́ya mádhumattamaṁ rā́jñe havyáṁ juhotana idáṁ náma ŕ̥ṣibhyaḥ pūrvajébhyaḥ pū́rvebhyaḥ pathikŕ̥dbhyaḥ
Offer the sweetest honeyed offering to Yama, the king. This homage is to the ancient Rishis, the first ancestors, the early path-makers.
This verse is a final instruction to offer the sweetest oblations to Yama, the king. It also includes a salutation of reverence ('namah') to the ancient Rishis (sages) who were the first ancestors and path-makers. This acknowledges the lineage of wisdom and guidance that leads to Yama's realm.
Meter: Brhati
- A. यमाय मधुमतमम् yamā́ya mádhumattamam (8 syllables)
- B. राज्ञे हव्यं जुहोतन rā́jñe havyám juhotana (8 syllables)
- C. इदं नमः ऋषिभ्यः पूर्वजेभ्यः idám námaḥ ŕ̥ṣibhyaḥ pūrvajébhyaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. पूर्वेभ्यः पथिकृद्भ्यः pū́rvebhyaḥ pathikŕ̥dbhyaḥ (8 syllables)
यमाय (yamā́ya)
to Yama
मधुमतमम् (mádhumattamam)
most sweet with honey
राज्ञे (rā́jñe)
to the king
हव्यं (havyám)
offering
जुहोतन (juhotana)
offer (you plural)
इदं (idám)
this
नमः (námaḥ)
homage, reverence
ऋषिभ्यः (ŕ̥ṣibhyaḥ)
to the Rishis (sages)
पूर्वजेभ्यः (pūrvajébhyaḥ)
to the first-born, ancient ones
पूर्वेभ्यः (pū́rvebhyaḥ)
to the ancient ones
पथिकृद्भ्यः (pathikŕ̥dbhyaḥ)
to the path-makers
Stanza 10.14.16
त्रिक॑द्रुकेभिः पतति॒ षळु॒र्वीरेक॒मिद्बृ॒हत् | त्रि॒ष्टुब्गा॑य॒त्री छन्दां॑सि॒ सर्वा॒ ता य॒म आहि॑ता ||
tríkadrukebhiḥ patati ṣáḷ urvī́r ékam íd br̥hát triṣṭúb gāyatrī́ chándāṁsi sárvā tā́ yamá ā́hitā
The Great One moves in the Trikadrukas, encompassing six worlds. The Trishtup, the Gayatri, all meters are contained within Yama.
This verse describes the vastness and complexity associated with Yama. It suggests that a great entity, possibly Yama or related to him, moves within the 'Trikadrukas' (a specific ritual context or cosmic space) and encompasses six expanses. It also states that various poetic meters like Trishtup and Gayatri, and indeed all poetic forms, are contained within Yama.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. त्रिकद्रुकेभिः पतति tríkadrukebhiḥ patati (8 syllables)
- B. षळु र्वीरेक मिद् बृ हत् ṣáṭ urvī́ḥ ékam ít br̥hát (8 syllables)
- C. त्रिष्टुब्गा यत्री छन्दां triṣṭúp gāyatrī́ chándāṃsi (8 syllables)
- D. सर्वा ता यम आहिता sárvā tā́ yamé ā́hitā (8 syllables)
त्रिकद्रुकेभिः (tríkadrukebhiḥ)
in the Trikadrukas (a ritual context)
पतति (patati)
flies, moves
षळु (ṣáṭ)
six
र्वीरेक (urvī́ḥ)
worlds, expanses
मिद् (ékam)
one
बृ (ít)
indeed, emphasis
हत् (br̥hát)
great
त्रिष्टुब्गा (triṣṭúp)
Trishtup (a Vedic meter)
यत्री (gāyatrī́)
Gayatri (a Vedic meter)
छन्दां (chándāṃsi)
meters (of verse)
सर्वा (sárvā)
all
ता (tā́)
they
यम (yamé)
in Yama
आहिता (ā́hitā)
placed, contained