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Stanza 10.130.1
यो य॒ज्ञो वि॒श्वत॒स्तन्तु॑भिस्त॒त एक॑शतं देवक॒र्मेभि॒राय॑तः | इ॒मे व॑यन्ति पि॒तरो॒ य आ॑य॒युः प्र व॒याप॑ व॒येत्या॑सते त॒ते ||
yó yajñó viśvátas tántubhis tatá ékaśataṁ devakarmébhir ā́yataḥ imé vayanti pitáro yá āyayúḥ prá vayā́pa vayéty āsate taté
The sacrifice, drawn out with threads from all sides, brought forth by one hundred and one divine agents—these are the Fathers who have come, weaving. They sit by the warp and say, 'Weave forward, weave back!'
This verse describes a sacrificial ritual as a cosmic weaving. The sacrifice itself is depicted as being stretched out with threads, brought forth by a hundred and one divine agents. The 'Fathers' (ancestors or divine beings) are shown actively engaged in this weaving process, urging it forward and backward, suggesting the continuous and intricate nature of the ritual.
Meter: Jagati
- A. यः यज्ञः विश्वतः तन्तुभिः ततः yáḥ yajñáḥ viśvátas tántubhiḥ tatáḥ (12 syllables)
- B. एकशतं . देवकर्मेभिः आयतः ékaśatam devakarmébhiḥ ā́yataḥ (12 syllables)
- C. इमे वयन्ति पितरः ये आययुः imé vayanti pitáraḥ yé āyayúḥ (12 syllables)
- D. प्र वये अप वये इति आसते तते prá vaya ápa vaya íti āsate taté (12 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
which
यज्ञः (yajñáḥ)
sacrifice
विश्वतः (viśvátas)
from all sides
तन्तुभिः (tántubhiḥ)
by threads
ततः (tatáḥ)
stretched
एकशतं (ékaśatam)
one hundred
. देवकर्मेभिः (devakarmébhiḥ)
by divine works/agents
आयतः (ā́yataḥ)
drawn out
इमे (imé)
these
वयन्ति (vayanti)
they weave
पितरः (pitáraḥ)
Fathers (ancestors/divine beings)
ये (yé)
who
आययुः (āyayúḥ)
have come
प्र (prá)
forward
वये (vaya)
weave
अप (ápa)
back
वये (vaya)
weave
इति (íti)
thus
आसते (āsate)
they sit
तते (taté)
on the warp
Stanza 10.130.2
पुमाँ॑ एनं तनुत॒ उत्कृ॑णत्ति॒ पुमा॒न्वि त॑त्ने॒ अधि॒ नाके॑ अ॒स्मिन् | इ॒मे म॒यूखा॒ उप॑ सेदुरू॒ सदः॒ सामा॑नि चक्रु॒स्तस॑रा॒ण्योत॑वे ||
púmām̐ enaṁ tanuta út kr̥ṇatti púmān ví tatne ádhi nā́ke asmín imé mayū́khā úpa sedur ū sádaḥ sā́māni cakrus tásarāṇy ótave
The Man extends it and the Man unwinds it; he has stretched it out even to this heaven. These pegs have settled into the seat; they made the Sāma hymns into shuttles for weaving.
This verse continues the weaving metaphor, personifying a 'Man' as the agent who extends and unwinds the sacrificial thread, reaching up to the heavens. The 'pegs' are identified as devotional seats, and the Sāma hymns are described as the shuttles used in this cosmic weaving.
Meter:
- A. पुमान् एनं तनुते उत् कृणत्ति púmān enam tanute út kr̥ṇatti (11 syllables)
- B. पुमान् वि ततने अधि नाके अस्मिन् púmān ví tatne ádhi nā́ke asmín (11 syllables)
- C. इमे मयूखाः उप सेदुः उ सदः imé mayū́khāḥ úpa seduḥ u + sádaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. सामानि चक्रुः तसराणि ओतवे sā́māni cakruḥ tásarāṇi ótave (12 syllables)
पुमान् (púmān)
Man
एनं (enam)
it
तनुते (tanute)
extends
उत् (út)
up
कृणत्ति (kr̥ṇatti)
unwinds/cuts
पुमान् (púmān)
Man
वि (ví)
out
ततने (tatne)
has stretched out
अधि (ádhi)
upon
नाके (nā́ke)
in the heaven/sky
अस्मिन् (asmín)
in this
इमे (imé)
these
मयूखाः (mayū́khāḥ)
pegs/fastenings
उप (úpa)
down
सेदुः (seduḥ)
have settled
उ (u +)
and
सदः (sádaḥ)
seat/place
सामानि (sā́māni)
Sāma hymns
चक्रुः (cakruḥ)
made
तसराणि (tásarāṇi)
shuttles
ओतवे (ótave)
for weaving
Stanza 10.130.3
कासी॑त्प्र॒मा प्र॑ति॒मा किं नि॒दान॒माज्यं॒ किमा॑सीत्परि॒धिः क आ॑सीत् | छन्दः॒ किमा॑सी॒त्प्रउ॑गं॒ किमु॒क्थं यद्दे॒वा दे॒वमय॑जन्त॒ विश्वे॑ ||
kā́sīt pramā́ pratimā́ kíṁ nidā́nam ā́jyaṁ kím āsīt paridhíḥ ká āsīt chándaḥ kím āsīt prá .ugaṁ kím uktháṁ yád devā́ devám áyajanta víśve
What was the rule, what the model, what the basis? What was the ghee offering, what the boundary? What was the meter, what the introductory chant, what the recitation, when all the gods worshipped the divine?
This verse poses a series of rhetorical questions about the fundamental elements of the ancient sacrifice. It asks what constituted the rule, model, starting point, offering (ghee), boundary, meter, introductory chant, and recitation, when all the gods performed worship.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. का आसीत् प्रमा प्रतिमा किं निदानं kā́ āsīt pramā́ pratimā́ kím nidā́nam (11 syllables)
- B. आज्यं किं आसीत् परिधिः कः आसीत् ā́jyam kím āsīt paridhíḥ káḥ āsīt (11 syllables)
- C. छन्दः किं आसीत् प्रउगं किं उक्थं chándaḥ kím āsīt prá:ugam kím ukthám (11 syllables)
- D. यत् देवाः देवं अयजन्ते विश्वे yát devā́ḥ devám áyajanta víśve (11 syllables)
का (kā́)
what
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
प्रमा (pramā́)
rule/measure
प्रतिमा (pratimā́)
model/pattern
किं (kím)
what
निदानं (nidā́nam)
basis/origin
आज्यं (ā́jyam)
ghee offering
किं (kím)
what
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
परिधिः (paridhíḥ)
boundary (fence)
कः (káḥ)
what
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
छन्दः (chándaḥ)
meter/verse form
किं (kím)
what
आसीत् (āsīt)
was
प्रउगं (prá:ugam)
introductory chant
किं (kím)
what
उक्थं (ukthám)
recitation/praise
यत् (yát)
when
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
देवं (devám)
the divine
अयजन्ते (áyajanta)
worshipped
विश्वे (víśve)
all
Stanza 10.130.4
अ॒ग्नेर्गा॑य॒त्र्य॑भवत्स॒युग्वो॒ष्णिह॑या सवि॒ता सं ब॑भूव | अ॒नु॒ष्टुभा॒ सोम॑ उ॒क्थैर्मह॑स्वा॒न्बृह॒स्पते॑र्बृह॒ती वाच॑मावत् ||
agnér gāyatry àbhavat sayúgvoṣṇíhayā savitā́ sám babhūva anuṣṭúbhā sóma ukthaír máhasvān bŕ̥haspáter br̥hatī́ vā́cam āvat
Gāyatrī became united with Agni; Savitar combined with Uṣṇih. Brilliant with the Uktha hymns, Soma was associated with Anusṭubh. Bṛhaspati's speech was aided by the Bṛhatī meter.
This verse describes the intimate connection between various deities and specific Vedic meters. Agni is linked with Gāyatrī, Savitar with Uṣṇih, Soma with Anusṭubh and Uktha hymns, and Bṛhaspati with Bṛhatī meter and speech, highlighting the harmonious integration of divinity and poetic structure in Vedic ritual.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अग्नेः गायत्री अभवत् सयुग्वो agnéḥ gāyatrī́ abhavat sayúgvā (11 syllables)
- B. उष्णिहया सविता सम् बभूव uṣṇíhayā savitā́ sám babhūva (11 syllables)
- C. अनुष्टुभा सोमः उक्थैः महस्वान् anuṣṭúbhā sómaḥ ukthaíḥ máhasvān (11 syllables)
- D. बृहस्पतेः बृहती वाचम आवत् bŕ̥haspáteḥ br̥hatī́ vā́cam āvat (11 syllables)
अग्नेः (agnéḥ)
of Agni
गायत्री (gāyatrī́)
Gāyatrī (meter)
अभवत् (abhavat)
became
सयुग्वो (sayúgvā)
closely joined
उष्णिहया (uṣṇíhayā)
with Uṣṇih (meter)
सविता (savitā́)
Savitar (deity)
सम् (sám)
together
बभूव (babhūva)
combined
अनुष्टुभा (anuṣṭúbhā)
with Anusṭubh (meter)
सोमः (sómaḥ)
Soma (deity)
उक्थैः (ukthaíḥ)
by the Ukthas (hymns/recitations)
महस्वान् (máhasvān)
great
बृहस्पतेः (bŕ̥haspáteḥ)
of Bṛhaspati
बृहती (br̥hatī́)
Bṛhatī (meter)
वाचम (vā́cam)
speech
आवत् (āvat)
aided
Stanza 10.130.5
वि॒राण्मि॒त्रावरु॑णयोरभि॒श्रीरिन्द्र॑स्य त्रि॒ष्टुबि॒ह भा॒गो अह्नः॑ | विश्वा॑न्दे॒वाञ्जग॒त्या वि॑वेश॒ तेन॑ चाकॢप्र॒ ऋष॑यो मनु॒ष्याः॑ ||
virā́ṇ mitrā́váruṇayor abhiśrī́r índrasya triṣṭúb ihá bhāgó áhnaḥ víśvān devā́ñ jágaty ā́ viveśa téna cākḷpra ŕ̥ṣayo manuṣyāā̀ḥ
Virāj adhered to Mitra and Varuṇa; here, the Triṣṭubh meter was Indra's portion of the day. The Jagatī meter entered all the gods together; by this, the wise men became like sages.
This verse continues to associate deities with meters, stating that Virāj is linked with Mitra and Varuṇa, Triṣṭubh is Indra's portion of the day, and Jagatī encompasses all the gods. This cosmic ordering, achieved through these meters, enabled humans to attain the status of sages.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विराट् मित्रवरुणयोः अभिश्रीः virā́ṭ mitrā́váruṇayoḥ abhiśrī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. इन्द्रस्य त्रिष्टुप् इह भागः अह्नः índrasya triṣṭúp ihá bhāgáḥ áhnaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. विश्वान् देवान् जगती आ विवेश víśvān devā́n jágatī ā́ viveśa (11 syllables)
- D. तेन चाक्लृप्रे ऋषयः मनुष्याः téna cākl̥pre ŕ̥ṣayaḥ manuṣyā̀ḥ (10 syllables)
विराट् (virā́ṭ)
Virāj (meter)
मित्रवरुणयोः (mitrā́váruṇayoḥ)
of Mitra and Varuṇa
अभिश्रीः (abhiśrī́ḥ)
adhering/splendor
इन्द्रस्य (índrasya)
of Indra
त्रिष्टुप् (triṣṭúp)
Triṣṭubh (meter)
इह (ihá)
here
भागः (bhāgáḥ)
portion
अह्नः (áhnaḥ)
of the day
विश्वान् (víśvān)
all
देवान् (devā́n)
gods
जगती (jágatī)
Jagatī (meter)
आ (ā́)
into
विवेश (viveśa)
entered
तेन (téna)
by that/this
चाक्लृप्रे (cākl̥pre)
became complete/arranged
ऋषयः (ŕ̥ṣayaḥ)
sages
मनुष्याः (manuṣyā̀ḥ)
men
Stanza 10.130.6
चा॒कॢ॒प्रे तेन॒ ऋष॑यो मनु॒ष्या॑ य॒ज्ञे जा॒ते पि॒तरो॑ नः पुरा॒णे | पश्य॑न्मन्ये॒ मन॑सा॒ चक्ष॑सा॒ तान्य इ॒मं य॒ज्ञमय॑जन्त॒ पूर्वे॑ ||
cākl̥pré téna ŕ̥ṣayo manuṣyāā̀ yajñé jāté pitáro naḥ purāṇé páśyan manye mánasā cákṣasā tā́n yá imáṁ yajñám áyajanta pū́rve
By that, the sages and men became adept. When the sacrifice was born in ancient times, our Fathers, seeing with the mind's eye and with sight, they performed this sacrifice.
Reflecting on the past, the speaker perceives that the ancient sages and ancestors, through their meticulous ritual practice ('yajñe jāte' - when sacrifice was born), attained their elevated status. The speaker claims to see them through mental and visual faculties, recognizing that they performed this very sacrifice in earlier times.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. चाक्लृप्रे तेन ऋषयः मनुष्याः cākl̥pré téna ŕ̥ṣayaḥ manuṣyā̀ḥ (10 syllables)
- B. यज्ञे जाते पितरः नः पुराणे yajñé jāté pitáraḥ naḥ purāṇé (11 syllables)
- C. पश्यन् मन्ये मनसा चक्षसा तान् páśyan manye mánasā cákṣasā tā́n (11 syllables)
- D. ये इमं यज्ञं अयजन्ते पूर्वे yé imám yajñám áyajanta pū́rve (11 syllables)
चाक्लृप्रे (cākl̥pré)
became adept/arranged
तेन (téna)
by that
ऋषयः (ŕ̥ṣayaḥ)
sages
मनुष्याः (manuṣyā̀ḥ)
men
यज्ञे (yajñé)
in sacrifice
जाते (jāté)
being born/established
पितरः (pitáraḥ)
Fathers (ancestors)
नः (naḥ)
our
पुराणे (purāṇé)
in ancient times
पश्यन् (páśyan)
seeing
मन्ये (manye)
I perceive/think
मनसा (mánasā)
by the mind
चक्षसा (cákṣasā)
by sight
तान् (tā́n)
them
ये (yé)
who
इमं (imám)
this
यज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice
अयजन्ते (áyajanta)
performed sacrifice
पूर्वे (pū́rve)
first/former
Stanza 10.130.7
स॒हस्तो॑माः स॒हछ॑न्दस आ॒वृतः॑ स॒हप्र॑मा॒ ऋष॑यः स॒प्त दैव्याः॑ | पूर्वे॑षां॒ पन्था॑मनु॒दृश्य॒ धीरा॑ अ॒न्वाले॑भिरे र॒थ्यो॒३॒॑ न र॒श्मीन् ||
sahástomāḥ saháchandasa āvŕ̥taḥ sahápramā ŕ̥ṣayaḥ saptá daívyāḥ pū́rveṣām pánthām anudŕ̥śya dhī́rā anvā́lebhire rathyò ná raśmī́n
Possessing hymns, meters, and ordinances, the Seven Divine Sages. Seeing the path of the ancient ones, the wise ones grasped the reins like chariot drivers.
This verse celebrates the 'Seven Divine Sages' who were masters of hymns, meters, and ritualistic knowledge. Following the path of these ancient, wise figures from the past, contemporary sages have now taken control of the reins, symbolizing their mastery and continuation of the sacred tradition.
Meter:
- A. सहस्तोमाः सहछन्दसः आवृतः sahástomāḥ saháchandasaḥ āvŕ̥taḥ (12 syllables)
- B. सहप्रमाः ऋषयः सप्त दैव्याः sahápramāḥ ŕ̥ṣayaḥ saptá daívyāḥ (12 syllables)
- C. पूर्वेषां पन्थाम् अनुदृश्य धीराः pū́rveṣām pánthām anudŕ̥śya dhī́rāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अन्वालेभिरे रथ्यो न रश्मीन् anvā́lebhire rathyàḥ ná raśmī́n (11 syllables)
सहस्तोमाः (sahástomāḥ)
with hymns
सहछन्दसः (saháchandasaḥ)
with meters
आवृतः (āvŕ̥taḥ)
rituals/ordinances
सहप्रमाः (sahápramāḥ)
with rules/measures
ऋषयः (ŕ̥ṣayaḥ)
sages
सप्त (saptá)
seven
दैव्याः (daívyāḥ)
divine
पूर्वेषां (pū́rveṣām)
of the ancient ones
पन्थाम् (pánthām)
path
अनुदृश्य (anudŕ̥śya)
seeing/beholding
धीराः (dhī́rāḥ)
wise/steadfast
अन्वालेभिरे (anvā́lebhire)
grasped/took up
रथ्यो (rathyàḥ)
chariot drivers
न (ná)
like
रश्मीन् (raśmī́n)
reins