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Stanza 10.11.1
वृषा॒ वृष्णे॑ दुदुहे॒ दोह॑सा दि॒वः पयां॑सि य॒ह्वो अदि॑ते॒रदा॑भ्यः | विश्वं॒ स वे॑द॒ वरु॑णो॒ यथा॑ धि॒या स य॒ज्ञियो॑ यजतु य॒ज्ञियाँ॑ ऋ॒तून् ||
vŕ̥ṣā vŕ̥ṣṇe duduhe dóhasā diváḥ páyāṁsi yahvó áditer ádābhyaḥ víśvaṁ sá veda váruṇo yáthā dhiyā́ sá yajñíyo yajatu yajñíyām̐ r̥tū́n
The strong one (Varuna) has poured forth the celestial waters like milk. The son of Aditi is unassailable. As is fitting for his wisdom, Varuṇa knows everything. May he, who is worthy of worship, consecrate the ritual seasons for sacrifice.
This verse describes the mighty Varuṇa, who is compared to a bull. He has produced the celestial waters (milk of heaven) and is unassailable. Varuṇa possesses complete knowledge and is asked to bless and consecrate the ritual seasons for sacrifice.
Meter: Jagati
- A. वृषा वृष्णे दुदुहे दोषसा दिवः vŕ̥ṣā vŕ̥ṣṇe duduhe dóhasā diváḥ (12 syllables)
- B. पयॊॊसि यह्वः अदितिः अदाभ्यः páyāṃsi yahváḥ áditeḥ ádābhyaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. विश्वं स वेद वरुणः यथा धिया víśvam sá veda váruṇaḥ yáthā dhiyā́ (12 syllables)
- D. स यज्ञियः यजतु यज्ञियान् ऋतून् sá yajñíyaḥ yajatu yajñíyān r̥tū́n (12 syllables)
वृषा (vŕ̥ṣā)
strong, powerful, a bull
वृष्णे (vŕ̥ṣṇe)
for the strong one
दुदुहे (duduhe)
yielded, poured forth
दोषसा (dóhasā)
with milk, nourishment
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky, of heaven
पयॊॊसि (páyāṃsi)
waters, fluids
यह्वः (yahváḥ)
youthful, strong, potent
अदितिः (áditeḥ)
of Aditi (mother of gods, infinity)
अदाभ्यः (ádābhyaḥ)
unassailable, not to be deceived
विश्वं (víśvam)
all, everything
स (sá)
he, that
वेद (veda)
knows
वरुणः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuṇa (a supreme deity)
यथा (yáthā)
as, according to
धिया (dhiyā́)
with wisdom, by thought
स (sá)
he, that
यज्ञियः (yajñíyaḥ)
worthy of worship, sacrificial
यजतु (yajatu)
may he sacrifice, may he consecrate
यज्ञियान् (yajñíyān)
sacrificial, worthy of worship
ऋतून् (r̥tū́n)
seasons, times
Stanza 10.11.2
रप॑द्गन्ध॒र्वीरप्या॑ च॒ योष॑णा न॒दस्य॑ ना॒दे परि॑ पातु मे॒ मनः॑ | इ॒ष्टस्य॒ मध्ये॒ अदि॑ति॒र्नि धा॑तु नो॒ भ्राता॑ नो ज्ये॒ष्ठः प्र॑थ॒मो वि वो॑चति ||
rápad gandharvī́r ápyā ca yóṣaṇā nadásya nādé pári pātu me mánaḥ iṣṭásya mádhye áditir ní dhātu no bhrā́tā no jyeṣṭháḥ prathamó ví vocati
The Gandharvi speaks, may the water-goddess protect my mind amidst the river's roar. May Aditi establish for us what is desired. Our eldest Brother, the foremost, will speak.
This verse speaks of a Gandharvi (female celestial being) and a river goddess, who are described as a 'lady of the flood'. The speaker requests that their mind be protected from the roaring waters. Aditi is invoked to ensure desired outcomes and a 'brother' figure is mentioned as a leader who will speak.
Meter: Jagati
- A. रपद् गन्धर्वीर अप्या च योषणा rápat gandharvī́ḥ ápyā ca yóṣaṇā (12 syllables)
- B. नदस्य नादे परि पातु मे मनः nadásya nādé pári pātu me mánaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. इष्टस्य मध्ये अदितिः नि धातु नः iṣṭásya mádhye áditiḥ ní dhātu naḥ (12 syllables)
- D. भ्राता नः ज्येष्ठः प्रथमः वि वोचति bhrā́tā naḥ jyeṣṭháḥ prathamáḥ ví vocati (12 syllables)
रपद् (rápat)
spoke, uttered
गन्धर्वीर (gandharvī́ḥ)
a female Gandharva (celestial musician/being)
अप्या (ápyā)
watery, pertaining to water
च (ca)
and
योषणा (yóṣaṇā)
woman, lady
नदस्य (nadásya)
of the river
नादे (nādé)
in the roaring, in the sound
परि (pári)
around, on all sides
पातु (pātu)
may protect
मे (me)
my
मनः (mánaḥ)
mind
इष्टस्य (iṣṭásya)
of the desired, of the wished for
मध्ये (mádhye)
in the midst, in the center
अदितिः (áditiḥ)
Aditi (mother of gods, infinity)
नि (ní)
down, into
धातु (dhātu)
may establish, may place
नः (naḥ)
our
भ्राता (bhrā́tā)
brother
नः (naḥ)
our
ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭháḥ)
eldest, chief
प्रथमः (prathamáḥ)
first, foremost
वि (ví)
apart, out
वोचति (vocati)
may speak, may proclaim
Stanza 10.11.3
सो चि॒न्नु भ॒द्रा क्षु॒मती॒ यश॑स्वत्यु॒षा उ॑वास॒ मन॑वे॒ स्व॑र्वती | यदी॑मु॒शन्त॑मुश॒तामनु॒ क्रतु॑म॒ग्निं होता॑रं वि॒दथा॑य॒ जीज॑नन् ||
só cin nú bhadrā́ kṣumátī yáśasvaty uṣā́ uvāsa mánave svàrvatī yád īm uśántam uśatā́m ánu krátum agníṁ hótāraṁ vidáthāya jī́janan
Indeed, this blessed, food-rich, glorious Dawn, shining with heavenly light, has dawned for Manu. When the longing (deities), according to their desire and plan, brought forth Agni, the Invoking Priest, for the assembly.
The dawn (Uṣas) is described as blessed, full of nourishment, and glorious, shining with heavenly light for mankind. This dawn has appeared because the gods, with their desires, brought forth Agni, the priest of the assembly, according to the intention of the longing ones.
Meter: Jagati
- A. स उ चिन् नु भद्रा क्षुमती यशस्वती sá u cit nú bhadrā́ kṣumátī yáśasvatī (12 syllables)
- B. उषाः उवास मनवे स्वर्वती uṣā́ḥ uvāsa mánave svàrvatī (12 syllables)
- C. यदी ईमु शन्तम् उशताम् अनु क्रतुं yát īm uśántam uśatā́m ánu krátum (12 syllables)
- D. अग्निं होतारं विदथाय जीजNनन् agním hótāram vidáthāya jī́janan (12 syllables)
स (sá)
that
उ (u)
indeed, truly
चिन् (cit)
indeed, certainly
नु (nú)
now, indeed
भद्रा (bhadrā́)
blessed, auspicious
क्षुमती (kṣumátī)
rich in food, nourishing
यशस्वती (yáśasvatī)
glorious, famous
उषाः (uṣā́ḥ)
Dawn
उवास (uvāsa)
shone, dwelled
मनवे (mánave)
for Manu (mankind)
स्वर्वती (svàrvatī)
shining with light, radiant
यदी (yát)
when
ईमु (īm)
them
शन्तम् (uśántam)
desiring, wishing
उशताम् (uśatā́m)
of the desirous ones
अनु (ánu)
according to, after
क्रतुं (krátum)
plan, purpose, intention
अग्निं (agním)
Agni (god of fire)
होतारं (hótāram)
invoking priest
विदथाय (vidáthāya)
for the assembly, for the gathering
जीजNनन् (jī́janan)
they generated, they brought forth
Stanza 10.11.4
अध॒ त्यं द्र॒प्सं वि॒भ्वं॑ विचक्ष॒णं विराभ॑रदिषि॒तः श्ये॒नो अ॑ध्व॒रे | यदी॒ विशो॑ वृ॒णते॑ द॒स्ममार्या॑ अ॒ग्निं होता॑र॒मध॒ धीर॑जायत ||
ádha tyáṁ drapsáṁ vibhvàṁ vicakṣaṇáṁ vír ā́bharad iṣitáḥ śyenó adhvaré yádī víśo vr̥ṇáte dasmám ā́ryā agníṁ hótāram ádha dhī́r ajāyata
And the swift falcon, sharp-sighted and all-pervading, brought that flowing drop for the sacrifice. Then, when the Aryan peoples chose the wonder-working Agni as their invoking priest, the hymn was born.
This verse describes a falcon bringing a 'drop' (likely referring to the Soma ritual or a divine essence) for the sacrifice. The falcon is described as swift, all-pervading, and keen-sighted. It is brought for the 'Aryan tribes' who chose Agni as their wonder-working invoking priest.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अध त्यं द्रप्सं विभ्वं विचक्षणं ádha tyám drapsám vibhvàm vicakṣaṇám (12 syllables)
- B. विः आ अभरत् इषितः श्येनो अध्वरे víḥ ā́ abharat iṣitáḥ śyenáḥ adhvaré (12 syllables)
- C. यदी विशो वृणते दस्मं आर्याः yádi + víśaḥ vr̥ṇáte dasmám ā́ryāḥ (12 syllables)
- D. अग्निं होतारं अध धीः अजायत agním hótāram ádha dhī́ḥ ajāyata (12 syllables)
अध (ádha)
and, then
त्यं (tyám)
that
द्रप्सं (drapsám)
drop, droplet (often of Soma)
विभ्वं (vibhvàm)
all-pervading, extensive
विचक्षणं (vicakṣaṇám)
keen-sighted, far-seeing
विः (víḥ)
swift, fast
आ (ā́)
up, hither
अभरत् (abharat)
brought
इषितः (iṣitáḥ)
sent, impelled, desired
श्येनो (śyenáḥ)
falcon, hawk
अध्वरे (adhvaré)
in the sacrifice, at the altar
यदी (yádi +)
when
विशो (víśaḥ)
people, tribes
वृणते (vr̥ṇáte)
they choose, they select
दस्मं (dasmám)
wonderful, marvellous
आर्याः (ā́ryāḥ)
Aryan, noble
अग्निं (agním)
Agni (god of fire)
होतारं (hótāram)
invoking priest
अध (ádha)
and, then
धीः (dhī́ḥ)
hymn, thought, intelligence
अजायत (ajāyata)
was born, arose
Stanza 10.11.5
सदा॑सि र॒ण्वो यव॑सेव॒ पुष्य॑ते॒ होत्रा॑भिरग्ने॒ मनु॑षः स्वध्व॒रः | विप्र॑स्य वा॒ यच्छ॑शमा॒न उ॒क्थ्यं१॒॑ वाजं॑ सस॒वाँ उ॑प॒यासि॒ भूरि॑भिः ||
sádāsi raṇvó yávaseva púṣyate hótrābhir agne mánuṣaḥ svadhvaráḥ víprasya vā yác chaśamāná ukthyàṁ vā́jaṁ sasavā́m̐ upayā́si bhū́ribhiḥ
You are always gracious, O Agni, growing strong as if with fodder. You are skilled in sacrifice for Manu. Having received the exhilarating hymn and the strength from the sage, you approach with many gifts.
Agni is addressed as being present always and as growing stronger like grass nourished by the earth. He is the skilled one in sacrifice, pleasing Manu with his offerings. The verse asks Agni, who has received the hymn and the divine sustenance, to approach with many gifts.
Meter: Jagati
- A. सदा असि रण्वः यवसेव इव पुष्यते sádā asi raṇváḥ yávasā iva púṣyate (12 syllables)
- B. होत्राभिः अग्ने मनुषः स्वध्वरः hótrābhiḥ agne mánuṣaḥ svadhvaráḥ (12 syllables)
- C. विप्रस्य वा यच्छ शशमानः उक्थ्यं víprasya vā yát śaśamānáḥ ukthyàm (12 syllables)
- D. वाजं ससवाँ उपयासि भूरिभिः vā́jam sasavā́n upayā́si bhū́ribhiḥ (12 syllables)
सदा (sádā)
always, perpetually
असि (asi)
you are
रण्वः (raṇváḥ)
gracious, pleasing, strong
यवसेव (yávasā)
with fodder, with grass
इव (iva)
like, as
पुष्यते (púṣyate)
for nourishment, for growth
होत्राभिः (hótrābhiḥ)
with oblations, with prayers
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
मनुषः (mánuṣaḥ)
of Manu, for mankind
स्वध्वरः (svadhvaráḥ)
skilled in sacrifice, orderly
विप्रस्य (víprasya)
of the wise one, of the sage
वा (vā)
or
यच्छ (yát)
what, that which
शशमानः (śaśamānáḥ)
having obtained, having received
उक्थ्यं (ukthyàm)
praiseworthy, to be sung
वाजं (vā́jam)
strength, food, wealth
ससवाँ (sasavā́n)
having won, having obtained
उपयासि (upayā́si)
you approach, you come near
भूरिभिः (bhū́ribhiḥ)
with many, with abundant
Stanza 10.11.6
उदी॑रय पि॒तरा॑ जा॒र आ भग॒मिय॑क्षति हर्य॒तो हृ॒त्त इ॑ष्यति | विव॑क्ति॒ वह्निः॑ स्वप॒स्यते॑ म॒खस्त॑वि॒ष्यते॒ असु॑रो॒ वेप॑ते म॒ती ||
úd īraya pitárā jārá ā́ bhágam íyakṣati haryató hr̥ttá iṣyati vívakti váhniḥ svapasyáte makhás taviṣyáte ásuro vépate matī́
Urge on your Parents, O lover! The beautiful one desires and moves towards his goal from the heart. The priest speaks, the sacrificer shows skill, the powerful being strives, Agni gains strength and is stirred by thought.
This verse is an invocation to Agni, urging him to incite his 'parents' (likely celestial energies or beings) like a lover. He is also described as the 'lovely one' who desires and moves towards his goal. The active priest (Vahni), the skillful sacrificer (Makhah), the powerful Asura, and Agni himself are all described as striving and becoming strong.
Meter: Jagati
- A. उदी रय पितरा जार आ भगम út īraya pitárā jāráḥ ā́ bhágam (12 syllables)
- B. इयक्षति हरयत हृत्त इष्यति íyakṣati haryatáḥ hr̥ttás iṣyati (12 syllables)
- C. विवक्ति वह्निः स्वपस्यते मखः vívakti váhniḥ svapasyáte makháḥ (12 syllables)
- D. तविष्यते असुरो वेपते मती taviṣyáte ásuraḥ vépate matī́ (12 syllables)
उदी (út)
up, forth
रय (īraya)
urge, rouse
पितरा (pitárā)
two fathers, parents
जार (jāráḥ)
lover, eager one
आ (ā́)
towards
भगम (bhágam)
portion, share, object of desire
इयक्षति (íyakṣati)
desires, longs for
हरयत (haryatáḥ)
lovely, delightful, green
हृत्त (hr̥ttás)
from the heart
इष्यति (iṣyati)
moves towards, seeks
विवक्ति (vívakti)
speaks, declares
वह्निः (váhniḥ)
carrier, priest, Agni
स्वपस्यते (svapasyáte)
shows his skill, works skillfully
मखः (makháḥ)
sacrificer, strong one
तविष्यते (taviṣyáte)
becomes strong, grows powerful
असुरो (ásuraḥ)
powerful being, divine entity
वेपते (vépate)
strives, is agitated, trembles
मती (matī́)
with thought, by wisdom
Stanza 10.11.7
यस्ते॑ अग्ने सुम॒तिं मर्तो॒ अक्ष॒त्सह॑सः सूनो॒ अति॒ स प्र शृ॑ण्वे | इषं॒ दधा॑नो॒ वह॑मानो॒ अश्वै॒रा स द्यु॒माँ अम॑वान्भूषति॒ द्यून् ||
yás te agne sumatím márto ákṣat sáhasaḥ sūno áti sá prá śr̥ṇve íṣaṁ dádhāno váhamāno áśvair ā́ sá dyumā́m̐ ámavān bhūṣati dyū́n
O Agni, Son of Strength, whoever has obtained your favor is widely heard. Carrying provisions with horses, and possessing splendor and strength, he makes his days glorious.
This verse praises a mortal who has gained Agni's favor. This person, called the 'son of Strength', is said to be widely heard. By accumulating power and carrying provisions with horses, this individual makes their days splendid and full of might.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. य ते अग्ने सुमतिं मर्तो अक्षत् yáḥ te agne sumatím mártaḥ ákṣat (11 syllables)
- B. सहसः सूनो अति स प्र शृण्वे sáhasaḥ sūno áti sá prá śr̥ṇve (11 syllables)
- C. इषं दधाणः वஹमानो अश्वैः íṣam dádhānaḥ váhamānaḥ áśvaiḥ (11 syllables)
- D. आ स द्युमाँ अमवान् भषति द्यून् ā́ sá dyumā́n ámavān bhūṣati dyū́n (11 syllables)
य (yáḥ)
whoever
ते (te)
your
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
सुमतिं (sumatím)
favor, good-will
मर्तो (mártaḥ)
mortal, human
अक्षत् (ákṣat)
has obtained, has reached
सहसः (sáhasaḥ)
of strength, of power
सूनो (sūno)
O son
अति (áti)
beyond, exceedingly
स (sá)
he
प्र (prá)
forth, forward
शृण्वे (śr̥ṇve)
is heard, is renowned
इषं (íṣam)
food, sustenance, power
दधाणः (dádhānaḥ)
gathering, holding
वஹमानो (váhamānaḥ)
carrying, bringing
अश्वैः (áśvaiḥ)
with horses
आ (ā́)
completely, indeed
स (sá)
he
द्युमाँ (dyumā́n)
splendid, radiant
अमवान् (ámavān)
mighty, powerful
भषति (bhūṣati)
adorns, makes beautiful
द्यून् (dyū́n)
days
Stanza 10.11.8
यद॑ग्न ए॒षा समि॑ति॒र्भवा॑ति दे॒वी दे॒वेषु॑ यज॒ता य॑जत्र | रत्ना॑ च॒ यद्वि॒भजा॑सि स्वधावो भा॒गं नो॒ अत्र॒ वसु॑मन्तं वीतात् ||
yád agna eṣā́ sámitir bhávāti devī́ devéṣu yajatā́ yajatra rátnā ca yád vibhájāsi svadhāvo bhāgáṁ no átra vásumantaṁ vītāt
When that divine assembly, O Agni, gathers amongst the gods, you who are worthy of worship, and when you, O possessor of power, distribute treasures, grant us also a wealthy portion here.
This verse addresses Agni, asking him to be present when the divine and sacred assembly gathers among the gods. It requests that when Agni, the 'Godlike One', distributes treasures and wealth, he should also grant a worthy portion to the worshippers.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. य अग्ने एषा समि भवाति yát agne eṣā́ sámitiḥ bhávāti (11 syllables)
- B. देवी देवेषु यजता ययत्र devī́ devéṣu yajatā́ yajatra (11 syllables)
- C. रत्ना च य विभजासि स्वधावः rátnā ca yát vibhájāsi svadhāvaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. भागं नः अत्र वसुमन्तं वीतात् bhāgám naḥ átra vásumantam vītāt (11 syllables)
य (yát)
when
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
एषा (eṣā́)
this
समि (sámitiḥ)
assembly, gathering
भवाति (bhávāti)
gathers, assembles
देवी (devī́)
divine (feminine)
देवेषु (devéṣu)
amongst the gods
यजता (yajatā́)
sacred, devoted
ययत्र (yajatra)
worthy of worship, adorable
रत्ना (rátnā)
treasures, jewels
च (ca)
and
य (yát)
when
विभजासि (vibhájāsi)
you distribute, you divide
स्वधावः (svadhāvaḥ)
possessor of power/offering
भागं (bhāgám)
portion, share
नः (naḥ)
to us
अत्र (átra)
here
वसुमन्तं (vásumantam)
wealthy, rich
वीतात् (vītāt)
may you grant, may you give
Stanza 10.11.9
श्रु॒धी नो॑ अग्ने॒ सद॑ने स॒धस्थे॑ यु॒क्ष्वा रथ॑म॒मृत॑स्य द्रवि॒त्नुम् | आ नो॑ वह॒ रोद॑सी दे॒वपु॑त्रे॒ माकि॑र्दे॒वाना॒मप॑ भूरि॒ह स्याः॑ ||
śrudhī́ no agne sádane sadhásthe yukṣvā́ rátham amŕ̥tasya dravitnúm ā́ no vaha ródasī deváputre mā́kir devā́nām ápa bhūr ihá syāḥ
Hear us, O Agni, in our common dwelling-place. Harness your swift chariot of immortality. Bring to us Heaven and Earth, the parents of the gods. Stay here with us, do not be distant from the gods.
The verse is a plea to Agni to be heard in the common dwelling and to harness his swift chariot of immortality. It asks Agni to bring the divine parents, Heaven and Earth, to the worshippers, and to remain present with them, not distant from the gods.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. श्रुधी नः अग्ने सदने सधस्थे śrudhí + naḥ agne sádane sadhásthe (11 syllables)
- B. युक्ष्वा रथं अमृतस्य द्रवित्नुं yukṣvá + rátham amŕ̥tasya dravitnúm (11 syllables)
- C. आ नः व रोदसी देवपुत्रे ā́ naḥ vaha ródasī deváputre (11 syllables)
- D. माकिर् देवानां अप भूः इह स्याः mā́kis devā́nām ápa bhūḥ ihá syāḥ (11 syllables)
श्रुधी (śrudhí +)
hear!
नः (naḥ)
to us
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
सदने (sádane)
in the dwelling, in the place
सधस्थे (sadhásthe)
in the common dwelling, in the same place
युक्ष्वा (yukṣvá +)
harness!
रथं (rátham)
chariot
अमृतस्य (amŕ̥tasya)
of immortality, of the deathless
द्रवित्नुं (dravitnúm)
swift, fast-moving
आ (ā́)
hither, towards
नः (naḥ)
to us
व (vaha)
bring!
रोदसी (ródasī)
Earth and Sky (dual)
देवपुत्रे (deváputre)
parents of the gods (dual)
माकिर् (mā́kis)
let not, may not
देवानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
अप (ápa)
away, afar
भूः (bhūḥ)
may you be
इह (ihá)
here
स्याः (syāḥ)
may you be