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Stanza 10.109.1
ते॑ऽवदन्प्रथ॒मा ब्र॑ह्मकिल्बि॒षेऽकू॑पारः सलि॒लो मा॑त॒रिश्वा॑ | वी॒ळुह॑रा॒स्तप॑ उ॒ग्रो म॑यो॒भूरापो॑ दे॒वीः प्र॑थम॒जा ऋ॒तेन॑ ||
tè 'vadan prathamā́ brahmakilbiṣé 'kūpāraḥ saliló mātaríśvā vīḷúharās tápa ugró mayobhū́r ā́po devī́ḥ prathamajā́ r̥téna
These first ones, the boundless waters, Matarisvan, the fierce fire, the strong one, the bliss-giver, and the divine waters, born first by order, spoke against the sin.
In this verse, several divine or cosmic entities, described as 'first', express their disapproval of a transgression related to a 'brahmakilbiṣa'. These entities include the boundless waters (Akupara, Salila, Apah), Matarisvan (the wind or vital air), a fiery element (Tapah, Viruhares), and Mayobhu (the bestower of bliss). Their collective objection signifies a cosmic order being violated.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ते अ॒व॒द॒न् प्रथ॒मा ब्रह्मकिल्बि॒षे té avadan prathamā́ḥ brahmakilbiṣé (12 syllables)
- B. अकू॑पारः सलि॒लो मात॒रिश्वा ákūpāraḥ saliláḥ mātaríśvā (11 syllables)
- C. वी॒ळुह॑रा तप॑ उ॒ग्रो मयो॒भूः vīḷúharāḥ tápaḥ ugráḥ mayobhū́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. आपो॑ दे॒वीः प्रथ॒मजाः ऋ॒तेन॑ ā́paḥ devī́ḥ prathamajā́ḥ r̥téna (11 syllables)
ते (té)
These
अ॒व॒द॒न् (avadan)
spoke against
प्रथ॒मा (prathamā́ḥ)
first ones
ब्रह्मकिल्बि॒षे (brahmakilbiṣé)
against the sin/transgression
अकू॑पारः (ákūpāraḥ)
boundless waters
सलि॒लो (saliláḥ)
waters
मात॒रिश्वा (mātaríśvā)
Matarisvan (wind/air)
वी॒ळुह॑रा (vīḷúharāḥ)
fierce and strong (fire)
तप॑ (tápaḥ)
heat/essence
उ॒ग्रो (ugráḥ)
fierce/powerful
मयो॒भूः (mayobhū́ḥ)
bliss-giver
आपो॑ (ā́paḥ)
waters
दे॒वीः (devī́ḥ)
divine
प्रथ॒मजाः (prathamajā́ḥ)
first-born
ऋ॒तेन॑ (r̥téna)
by the cosmic order/truth
Stanza 10.109.2
सोमो॒ राजा॑ प्रथ॒मो ब्र॑ह्मजा॒यां पुनः॒ प्राय॑च्छ॒दहृ॑णीयमानः | अ॒न्व॒र्ति॒ता वरु॑णो मि॒त्र आ॑सीद॒ग्निर्होता॑ हस्त॒गृह्या नि॑नाय ||
sómo rā́jā prathamó brahmajāyā́m púnaḥ prā́yachad áhr̥ṇīyamānaḥ anvartitā́ váruṇo mitrá āsīd agnír hótā hastagŕ̥hyā́ nināya
King Soma first, without reluctance, returned the Brahman's wife. Mitra and Varuna were the inviters; Agni, the Hota, took her hand and led her.
King Soma, acting first and without reluctance, returned the Brahman's wife. Mitra and Varuna acted as inviters, and Agni, in his role as Hota (priest), took her hand and led her away, signifying the rightful return and re-establishment of the situation.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सोमः राजा प्रथ॒मः ब्रह्मजा॒यां sómaḥ rā́jā prathamáḥ brahmajāyā́m (11 syllables)
- B. पुनः प्र आय॑च्छत् अहृ॑णीयमानः púnar prá ayachat áhr̥ṇīyamānaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अन्व॒र्ति॒ता वरु॑णः मि॒त्रः आसीत् anvartitā́ váruṇaḥ mitráḥ āsīt (11 syllables)
- D. अ॒ग्निः होता हस्त॒गृह्या आ नि॒नाय agníḥ hótā hastagŕ̥hya ā́ nināya (11 syllables)
सोमः (sómaḥ)
Soma (the moon god/divine drink)
राजा (rā́jā)
king
प्रथ॒मः (prathamáḥ)
first
ब्रह्मजा॒यां (brahmajāyā́m)
the Brahman's wife
पुनः (púnar)
again
प्र (prá)
forward
आय॑च्छत् (ayachat)
returned/gave back
अहृ॑णीयमानः (áhr̥ṇīyamānaḥ)
without reluctance/unhesitatingly
अन्व॒र्ति॒ता (anvartitā́)
inviter/one who follows
वरु॑णः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna (a god)
मि॒त्रः (mitráḥ)
Mitra (a god)
आसीत् (āsīt)
were
अ॒ग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (the fire god)
होता (hótā)
Hota (priest)
हस्त॒गृह्या (hastagŕ̥hya)
having taken by the hand
आ (ā́)
towards
नि॒नाय (nināya)
led away
Stanza 10.109.3
हस्ते॑नै॒व ग्रा॒ह्य॑ आ॒धिर॑स्या ब्रह्मजा॒येयमिति॒ चेदवो॑चन् | न दू॒ताय॑ प्र॒ह्ये॑ तस्थ ए॒षा तथा॑ रा॒ष्ट्रं गु॑पि॒तं क्ष॒त्रिय॑स्य ||
hástenaivá grāhyà ādhír asyā brahmajāyéyám íti céd ávocan ná dūtā́ya prahyè tastha eṣā́ táthā rāṣṭráṁ gupitáṁ kṣatríyasya
She must be taken by the hand, saying, 'This is the Brahman's wife.' She did not wait for a messenger; thus is the Kshatriya's kingdom protected.
This verse describes the proper procedure for reclaiming the Brahman's wife. She is to be taken by the hand by the man who is rightfully hers, after the declaration is made: 'This is the Brahman's wife.' She did not wait for a formal herald, indicating the directness of the rightful claim. This process ensures the security of the ruler's kingdom.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. हस्ते॑न ए॒व ग्रा॒ह्यः आ॒धिरः अ॒स्याः hástena evá grāhyàḥ ādhíḥ asyāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. ब्रह्मजा॒या इ॒यम् इति चेत् अ॒वो॒च॒न् brahmajāyā́ iyám íti cét ávocan (11 syllables)
- C. न दू॒ताय॑ प्र॒ह्ये त॒स्थे ए॒षा ná dūtā́ya prahyè tasthe eṣā́ (11 syllables)
- D. तथा रा॒ष्ट्रं गु॒पि॒तं क्ष॒त्रि॒यस्य táthā rāṣṭrám gupitám kṣatríyasya (11 syllables)
हस्ते॑न (hástena)
by the hand
ए॒व (evá)
indeed/itself
ग्रा॒ह्यः (grāhyàḥ)
to be taken/accepted
आ॒धिरः (ādhíḥ)
pledge/security (referring to the man)
अ॒स्याः (asyāḥ)
of her
ब्रह्मजा॒या (brahmajāyā́)
Brahman's wife
इ॒यम् (iyám)
this (woman)
इति (íti)
thus
चेत् (cét)
if/when
अ॒वो॒च॒न् (ávocan)
they spoke
न (ná)
not
दू॒ताय॑ (dūtā́ya)
for a messenger
प्र॒ह्ये (prahyè)
to be sent forth/conducted
त॒स्थे (tasthe)
she stood/remained
ए॒षा (eṣā́)
she
तथा (táthā)
thus
रा॒ष्ट्रं (rāṣṭrám)
kingdom/rule
गु॒पि॒तं (gupitám)
protected/guarded
क्ष॒त्रि॒यस्य (kṣatríyasya)
of the ruler/Kshatriya
Stanza 10.109.4
दे॒वा ए॒तस्या॑मवदन्त॒ पूर्वे॑ सप्तऋ॒षय॒स्तप॑से॒ ये नि॑षे॒दुः | भी॒मा जा॒या ब्रा॑ह्म॒णस्योप॑नीता दु॒र्धां द॑धाति पर॒मे व्यो॑मन् ||
devā́ etásyām avadanta pū́rve saptar̥ṣáyas tápase yé niṣedúḥ bhīmā́ jāyā́ brāhmaṇásyópanītā durdhā́ṁ dadhāti paramé vyòman
The ancient Gods spoke about this; the Seven Sages who sat for meditation also spoke. A Brahman's wife, taken by another, is terrible; she causes confusion in the highest heaven.
The ancient Gods and the Seven Sages, who meditated deeply, commented on the situation. They declared that a Brahman's wife, if taken by someone else, is a terrible thing, capable of causing chaos and confusion in the highest realms.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. दे॒वाः ए॒तस्याम॑ अ॒व॒द॒न्त पूर्वे॑ devā́ḥ etásyām avadanta pū́rve (11 syllables)
- B. सप्तऋ॒षयः तप॑से ये नि॒षे॒दुः saptar̥ṣáyaḥ tápase yé niṣedúḥ (11 syllables)
- C. भी॒मा जा॒या ब्रा॒ह्म॒णस्य उप॑नीता bhīmā́ jāyā́ brāhmaṇásya úpanītā (11 syllables)
- D. दु॒र्धां द॒धाति प॒र॒मे व्यो॑मन् durdhā́m dadhāti paramé vyòman (11 syllables)
दे॒वाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
ए॒तस्याम॑ (etásyām)
about her/this matter
अ॒व॒द॒न्त (avadanta)
spoke
पूर्वे॑ (pū́rve)
ancient/former
सप्तऋ॒षयः (saptar̥ṣáyaḥ)
Seven Sages
तप॑से (tápase)
for austerity/meditation
ये (yé)
who
नि॒षे॒दुः (niṣedúḥ)
sat down/resided
भी॒मा (bhīmā́)
terrible/dreadful
जा॒या (jāyā́)
wife
ब्रा॒ह्म॒णस्य (brāhmaṇásya)
of the Brahman
उप॑नीता (úpanītā)
brought near/taken (by someone else)
दु॒र्धां (durdhā́m)
confusion/misfortune
द॒धाति (dadhāti)
places/causes
प॒र॒मे (paramé)
in the highest
व्यो॑मन् (vyòman)
heaven/sky
Stanza 10.109.5
ब्र॒ह्म॒चा॒री च॑रति॒ वेवि॑ष॒द्विषः॒ स दे॒वानां॑ भव॒त्येक॒मङ्ग॑म् | तेन॑ जा॒यामन्व॑विन्द॒द्बृह॒स्पतिः॒ सोमे॑न नी॒तां जु॒ह्वं१॒॑ न दे॑वाः ||
brahmacārī́ carati véviṣad víṣaḥ sá devā́nām bhavaty ékam áṅgam téna jāyā́m ánv avindad bŕ̥haspátiḥ sómena nītā́ṁ juhvàṁ ná devāḥ
The Brahmachari, engaged in duty, goes on; he becomes a part of the Gods. Through him, Brihaspati obtained a wife, like the Gods obtained the ladle brought by Soma.
The Brahmachari (a student of sacred knowledge), who diligently pursues his duties, becomes an integral part of the divine beings. Through him, Brihaspati (the god of wisdom and prayer) obtained his wife. This is compared to how the Gods obtained the sacrificial ladle (Juhu) brought by Soma.
Meter:
- A. ब्रह्म॒चा॒री च॒र॒ति वे॒वि॒षत् वि॒षः brahmacārī́ carati véviṣat víṣaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. सः दे॒वानां भ॒व॒ति ए॒कम् अङ्ग॑म् sá devā́nām bhavati ékam áṅgam (11 syllables)
- C. तेन॑ जा॒यां अनु अ॒वि॒न्द॒त् बृ॒ह॒स्पतिः téna jāyā́m ánu avindat bŕ̥haspátiḥ (12 syllables)
- D. सोमे॑न नी॒तां जु॒ह्वं न दे॒वाः sómena nītā́m juhvàm ná devāḥ (11 syllables)
ब्रह्म॒चा॒री (brahmacārī́)
Brahmachari (celibate student)
च॒र॒ति (carati)
goes/walks/acts
वे॒वि॒षत् (véviṣat)
being active/powerful
वि॒षः (víṣaḥ)
strength/power (here referring to duty)
सः (sá)
he
दे॒वानां (devā́nām)
of the Gods
भ॒व॒ति (bhavati)
becomes
ए॒कम् (ékam)
one
अङ्ग॑म् (áṅgam)
limb/part
तेन॑ (téna)
through him
जा॒यां (jāyā́m)
wife
अनु (ánu)
along with/through
अ॒वि॒न्द॒त् (avindat)
found/obtained
बृ॒ह॒स्पतिः (bŕ̥haspátiḥ)
Brihaspati (god of wisdom)
सोमे॑न (sómena)
by Soma
नी॒तां (nītā́m)
brought
जु॒ह्वं (juhvàm)
Juhu (sacrificial ladle)
न (ná)
as
दे॒वाः (devāḥ)
Gods
Stanza 10.109.6
पुन॒र्वै दे॒वा अ॑ददुः॒ पुन॑र्मनु॒ष्या॑ उ॒त | राजा॑नः स॒त्यं कृ॑ण्वा॒ना ब्र॑ह्मजा॒यां पुन॑र्ददुः ||
púnar vaí devā́ adaduḥ púnar manuṣyāā̀ utá rā́jānaḥ satyáṁ kr̥ṇvānā́ brahmajāyā́m púnar daduḥ
Again the Gods restored her, again the humans, and the Kings. Making truth prevail, they returned the Brahman's wife.
Following this resolution, the Gods, humans, and kings restored the situation. By upholding truth and their promises, the kings returned the Brahman's wife, thus rectifying the wrong.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. पुनः वै दे॒वाः अ॒द॒दुः púnar vaí devā́ḥ adaduḥ (8 syllables)
- B. पुनः म॒नु॒ष्याः उ॒त púnar manuṣyā̀ḥ utá (8 syllables)
- C. रा॒जा॑नः स॒त्यं कृ॒ण्वा॒नाः rā́jānaḥ satyám kr̥ṇvānā́ḥ (8 syllables)
- D. ब्रह्म॒जा॒यां पुनः ददुः brahmajāyā́m púnar daduḥ (8 syllables)
पुनः (púnar)
again
वै (vaí)
indeed
दे॒वाः (devā́ḥ)
Gods
अ॒द॒दुः (adaduḥ)
gave back
पुनः (púnar)
again
म॒नु॒ष्याः (manuṣyā̀ḥ)
humans/men
उ॒त (utá)
and also
रा॒जा॑नः (rā́jānaḥ)
kings
स॒त्यं (satyám)
truth
कृ॒ण्वा॒नाः (kr̥ṇvānā́ḥ)
making/doing
ब्रह्म॒जा॒यां (brahmajāyā́m)
the Brahman's wife
पुनः (púnar)
again
ददुः (daduḥ)
they gave
Stanza 10.109.7
पु॒न॒र्दाय॑ ब्रह्मजा॒यां कृ॒त्वी दे॒वैर्नि॑किल्बि॒षम् | ऊर्जं॑ पृथि॒व्या भ॒क्त्वायो॑रुगा॒यमुपा॑सते ||
punardā́ya brahmajāyā́ṁ kr̥tvī́ devaír nikilbiṣám ū́rjam pr̥thivyā́ bhaktvā́yorugāyám úpāsate
Having returned the Brahman's wife and purged sin with the Gods, they shared the earth's abundance and attained wide dominion.
By returning the Brahman's wife and clearing themselves of sin with the help of the Gods, they (Brihaspati and the others involved) shared the earth's abundance and gained extensive dominion. This signifies the reward for upholding righteousness and order.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. पु॒न॒र्दाय॑ ब्रह्म॒जा॒यां punardā́ya brahmajāyā́m (8 syllables)
- B. कृ॒त्वी दे॒वैर्नि किल्बि॒षम् kr̥tvī́ devaíḥ nikilbiṣám (8 syllables)
- C. ऊ॒र्जं पृथि॒व्याः भ॒क्त्वायो ū́rjam pr̥thivyā́ bhaktvā́ya (8 syllables)
- D. रु॒गा॒यमुपा॑ प आ॒स॒ते urugāyám úpa āsate (8 syllables)
पु॒न॒र्दाय॑ (punardā́ya)
having given back
ब्रह्म॒जा॒यां (brahmajāyā́m)
the Brahman's wife
कृ॒त्वी (kr̥tvī́)
having done/made
दे॒वैर्नि (devaíḥ)
by the Gods
किल्बि॒षम् (nikilbiṣám)
sin/impurity
ऊ॒र्जं (ū́rjam)
strength/abundance/food
पृथि॒व्याः (pr̥thivyā́)
of the earth
भ॒क्त्वायो (bhaktvā́ya)
having divided/shared
रु॒गा॒यमुपा॑ (urugāyám)
wide-ranging/extensive
प (úpa)
up/towards
आ॒स॒ते (āsate)
they sit/dwell/attain