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Stanza 1.38.1
कद्ध॑ नू॒नं क॑धप्रियः पि॒ता पु॒त्रं न हस्त॑योः | द॒धि॒ध्वे वृ॑क्तबर्हिषः ||
kád dha nūnáṁ kadhapriyaḥ pitā́ putráṁ ná hástayoḥ dadhidhvé vr̥ktabarhiṣaḥ
Hey, what's happening now? When will you finally grab us by the hands, like a dear father does his son? O gods, for whom the sacred grass is ready?
The hymn begins with a direct question to the divine beings, the Maruts, asking when they will finally come to help. The poet uses a powerful analogy: like a loving father taking his son's hand, how will the gods take hold of us? This highlights a sense of urgency and a plea for divine connection and support from those who are prepared for their arrival, symbolized by the trimmed sacred grass.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. कत् ह नू्नं कधप्रियः kát ha nūnám kadhapriyaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. पिता पुत्रं न हस्तयोः pitā́ putrám ná hástayoḥ (8 syllables)
- C. दधिध्वे वृक्तबर्हिषः dadhidhvé vr̥ktabarhiṣaḥ (8 syllables)
कत् (kát)
what
ह (ha)
indeed
नू्नं (nūnám)
now
कधप्रियः (kadhapriyaḥ)
O dear ones (Maruts)
पिता (pitā́)
father
पुत्रं (putrám)
son
न (ná)
like
हस्तयोः (hástayoḥ)
by the hands
दधिध्वे (dadhidhvé)
you hold/take
वृक्तबर्हिषः (vr̥ktabarhiṣaḥ)
O you for whom the sacred grass is spread
Stanza 1.38.2
क्व॑ नू॒नं कद्वो॒ अर्थं॒ गन्ता॑ दि॒वो न पृ॑थि॒व्याः | क्व॑ वो॒ गावो॒ न र॑ण्यन्ति ||
kvà nūnáṁ kád vo árthaṁ gántā divó ná pr̥thivyā́ḥ kvà vo gā́vo ná raṇyanti
Where are you now? What are you off to, in the sky and not on the earth? Where are your cows (blessings) playing?
The poet continues to question the Maruts' whereabouts, wondering where they are headed. Are they traveling in the sky, not on the earth? The question extends to their 'cows', which likely symbolize their blessings or radiance, asking where these divine gifts are 'playing' or moving.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. क्व नू्नं कत् वः अर्थं kvà nūnám kát vaḥ ártham (8 syllables)
- B. गन्ता दिवः न पृथिव्याः gánta + diváḥ ná pr̥thivyā́ḥ (8 syllables)
- C. क्व वः गावो न रण्यन्ति kvà vaḥ gā́vaḥ ná raṇyanti (8 syllables)
क्व (kvà)
where
नू्नं (nūnám)
now
कत् (kát)
what
वः (vaḥ)
your
अर्थं (ártham)
purpose
गन्ता (gánta +)
you go
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky
न (ná)
not
पृथिव्याः (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
क्व (kvà)
where
वः (vaḥ)
your
गावो (gā́vaḥ)
cows (blessings)
न (ná)
not
रण्यन्ति (raṇyanti)
they sport/play
Stanza 1.38.3
क्व॑ वः सु॒म्ना नव्यां॑सि॒ मरु॑तः॒ क्व॑ सुवि॒ता | क्वो॒३॒॑ विश्वा॑नि॒ सौभ॑गा ||
kvà vaḥ sumnā́ návyāṁsi márutaḥ kvà suvitā́ kvò víśvāni saúbhagā
Where are your newest favors, O Maruts? Where is your well-being? Where are all your good fortunes?
The poet continues to inquire about the Maruts' presence and blessings. They ask where their most recent acts of kindness or favor are, and where their general well-being and prosperity can be found. It's a plea to know where the divine support and good fortune offered by the Maruts are currently located.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. क्व वः सुम्ना नव्यांनि kvà vaḥ sumnā́ návyāṃsi (8 syllables)
- B. मरुतः क्व सुविता márutaḥ kvà suvitā́ (8 syllables)
- C. क्व उ विश्वाि सौभगा kvà u víśvāni saúbhagā (8 syllables)
क्व (kvà)
where
वः (vaḥ)
your
सुम्ना (sumnā́)
favors, well-being
नव्यांनि (návyāṃsi)
newest
मरुतः (márutaḥ)
O Maruts
क्व (kvà)
where
सुविता (suvitā́)
fortunes
क्व (kvà)
where
उ (u)
and
विश्वाि (víśvāni)
all
सौभगा (saúbhagā)
good fortunes, blessings
Stanza 1.38.4
यद्यू॒यं पृ॑श्निमातरो॒ मर्ता॑सः॒ स्यात॑न | स्तो॒ता वो॑ अ॒मृतः॑ स्यात् ||
yád yūyám pr̥śnimātaro mártāsaḥ syā́tana stotā́ vo amŕ̥taḥ syāt
If you, O Maruts, were mortals, and your praiser an immortal—
This stanza presents a hypothetical situation: what if the Maruts, who are divine, were actually mortal? And what if their human praiser were immortal instead? This conditional statement is a way to emphasize the profound importance and perhaps the divine nature of those who praise the Maruts.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यत् यूयं पृश्निमातरः yát yūyám pr̥śnimātaraḥ (8 syllables)
- B. मर्तासः स्य(य)तन mártāsaḥ syā́tana (8 syllables)
- C. स्तोता वः अमृतः स्यात् stotā́ vaḥ amŕ̥taḥ syāt (8 syllables)
यत् (yát)
if
यूयं (yūyám)
you
पृश्निमातरः (pr̥śnimātaraḥ)
O sons of Prishni
मर्तासः (mártāsaḥ)
mortals
स्य(य)तन (syā́tana)
you were
स्तोता (stotā́)
praiser
वः (vaḥ)
your
अमृतः (amŕ̥taḥ)
immortal
स्यात् (syāt)
he were
Stanza 1.38.5
मा वो॑ मृ॒गो न यव॑से जरि॒ता भू॒दजो॑ष्यः | प॒था य॒मस्य॑ गा॒दुप॑ ||
mā́ vo mr̥gó ná yávase jaritā́ bhūd ájoṣyaḥ pathā́ yamásya gād úpa
May your praiser never be unwelcome, like a deer in the pasture, nor ever go down the path of Yama (death).
The hymn then expresses a strong wish: may the praiser of the Maruts never be disliked or unwanted, like a wild animal in a pasture, causing trouble. Furthermore, it's wished that this praiser never has to face the dire path of Yama, the god of death, implying a desire for their well-being and continued presence.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. मा वः मृगः न यवसे mā́ vaḥ mr̥gáḥ ná yávase (8 syllables)
- B. जरिता भूत् अजोष्यः jaritā́ bhūt ájoṣyaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. पथा यमसय गात् उप pathā́ yamásya gāt úpa (8 syllables)
मा (mā́)
not
वः (vaḥ)
your
मृगः (mr̥gáḥ)
deer
न (ná)
like
यवसे (yávase)
in pasture
जरिता (jaritā́)
praiser
भूत् (bhūt)
become
अजोष्यः (ájoṣyaḥ)
unwelcome
पथा (pathā́)
on the path
यमसय (yamásya)
of Yama
गात् (gāt)
he goes
उप (úpa)
down
Stanza 1.38.6
मो षु णः॒ परा॑परा॒ निर्ऋ॑तिर्दु॒र्हणा॑ वधीत् | प॒दी॒ष्ट तृष्ण॑या स॒ह ||
mó ṣú ṇaḥ párā-parā nírr̥tir durháṇā vadhīt padīṣṭá tŕ̥ṣṇayā sahá
May no misfortune after misfortune, hard to overcome, strike us down. May it depart, along with thirst/greed.
This is a protective prayer. The devotee asks the Maruts to prevent one disaster after another from striking them. They specifically mention 'Nirriti' (destruction or misfortune) and 'Durhana' (misfortune/hardship) and wish that these negative forces, along with 'trishna' (thirst or greed), depart and leave them unharmed.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. मो ष सु नः परापरा mā́ u sú naḥ párā-parā (8 syllables)
- B. निर्ऋतिः दुर्हणा वधीत् nírr̥tiḥ durháṇā vadhīt (8 syllables)
- C. पदीष्ट तृष्णया सह padīṣṭá tŕ̥ṣṇayā sahá (8 syllables)
मो (mā́)
may not
ष (u)
indeed
सु (sú)
particle
नः (naḥ)
us
परापरा (párā-parā)
one after another
निर्ऋतिः (nírr̥tiḥ)
destruction, misfortune
दुर्हणा (durháṇā)
hardship, misfortune
वधीत् (vadhīt)
strike down
पदीष्ट (padīṣṭá)
may it depart
तृष्णया (tŕ̥ṣṇayā)
with thirst or greed
सह (sahá)
together with
Stanza 1.38.7
स॒त्यं त्वे॒षा अम॑वन्तो॒ धन्व॑ञ्चि॒दा रु॒द्रिया॑सः | मिहं॑ कृण्वन्त्यवा॒ताम् ||
satyáṁ tveṣā́ ámavanto dhánvañ cid ā́ rudríyāsaḥ míhaṁ kr̥ṇvanty avātā́m
Truly, the terrible and powerful Maruts bring rain even to dry lands.
This verse praises the Maruts, calling them 'terrible' and 'powerful'. It highlights their ability to bring life-giving rain, even to dry, barren lands. This shows their life-sustaining power, bringing fertility and relief where it's needed most.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. सत्यं त्वेषाः अमवन्तः satyám tveṣā́ḥ ámavantaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. धन्व चित् आ रुद्रियासः dhánvan cit ā́ rudríyāsaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. मिहं कृण्वन्ति अवाताम् míham kr̥ṇvanti avātā́m (8 syllables)
सत्यं (satyám)
truly
त्वेषाः (tveṣā́ḥ)
terrible, fierce
अमवन्तः (ámavantaḥ)
powerful
धन्व (dhánvan)
in dry land
चित् (cit)
even
आ (ā́)
to
रुद्रियासः (rudríyāsaḥ)
O sons of Rudra (Maruts)
मिहं (míham)
rain
कृण्वन्ति (kr̥ṇvanti)
they make/bring
अवाताम् (avātā́m)
without drying up (perpetual)
Stanza 1.38.8
वा॒श्रेव॑ वि॒द्युन्मि॑माति व॒त्सं न मा॒ता सि॑षक्ति | यदे॑षां वृ॒ष्टिरस॑र्जि ||
vāśréva vidyún mimāti vatsáṁ ná mātā́ siṣakti yád eṣāṁ vr̥ṣṭír ásarji
Like a cow, the lightning lows; like a mother follows her calf, so they come when their rain is released.
This verse uses vivid imagery to describe the Maruts' arrival, likely associated with storms. The lightning is compared to a cow mooing, and the Maruts themselves are like a mother following her calf. This simile emphasizes the nurturing and perhaps inevitable force with which their rain-bringing clouds arrive.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. वाश्रे इव विद्युन् मिमाति vāśrā́ iva vidyút mimāti (8 syllables)
- B. वत्सं न माता सिषक्ति vatsám ná mātā́ siṣakti (8 syllables)
- C. यत् एषां वृष्टिः असर्जि yát eṣām vr̥ṣṭíḥ ásarji (8 syllables)
वाश्रे (vāśrā́)
cow
इव (iva)
like
विद्युन् (vidyút)
lightning
मिमाति (mimāti)
it lows
वत्सं (vatsám)
calf
न (ná)
like
माता (mātā́)
mother
सिषक्ति (siṣakti)
follows
यत् (yát)
when
एषां (eṣām)
their
वृष्टिः (vr̥ṣṭíḥ)
rain
असर्जि (ásarji)
is released
Stanza 1.38.9
दिवा॑ चि॒त्तमः॑ कृण्वन्ति प॒र्जन्ये॑नोदवा॒हेन॑ | यत्पृ॑थि॒वीं व्यु॒न्दन्ति॑ ||
dívā cit támaḥ kr̥ṇvanti parjányenodavāhéna yát pr̥thivī́ṁ vyundánti
They create darkness even in the daytime with the rain-cloud, when they drench the earth.
This verse describes the dramatic effect of the Maruts' rain clouds. Even during the day, they bring darkness, as if it were night, by covering the sky. This powerful imagery highlights the density and impact of their rain-bringing clouds as they drench the earth.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. दिवा चित् तमः कृण्वन्ति dívā cit támaḥ kr̥ṇvanti (8 syllables)
- B. पर्जन्येनोदवाहेन उदवाहेन parjányena udavāhéna (8 syllables)
- C. यत् पृथिवीं व्युन्दन्ति yát pr̥thivī́m vyundánti (8 syllables)
दिवा (dívā)
in the day
चित् (cit)
even
तमः (támaḥ)
darkness
कृण्वन्ति (kr̥ṇvanti)
they make
पर्जन्येनोदवाहेन (parjányena)
with the rain-cloud
उदवाहेन (udavāhéna)
water-bearing
यत् (yát)
when
पृथिवीं (pr̥thivī́m)
the earth
व्युन्दन्ति (vyundánti)
they drench
Stanza 1.38.10
अध॑ स्व॒नान्म॒रुतां॒ विश्व॒मा सद्म॒ पार्थि॑वम् | अरे॑जन्त॒ प्र मानु॑षाः ||
ádha svanā́n marútāṁ víśvam ā́ sádma pā́rthivam árejanta prá mā́nuṣāḥ
Then, from the sound of the Maruts, the whole earthly home trembled, and people reeled.
The loud sound of the Maruts' arrival causes the entire earthly realm to tremble. This shaking affects not only the land but also the people on it, making them reel. It portrays the immense power and presence of the Maruts, whose very sound shakes the world.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अध स्वनात् मरुतां ádha svanā́t marútām (8 syllables)
- B. विश्वं आ सद्म पार्थिवं víśvam ā́ sádma pā́rthivam (8 syllables)
- C. अरेजयन्त प्र मानुषाः árejanta prá mā́nuṣāḥ (8 syllables)
अध (ádha)
then
स्वनात् (svanā́t)
from the sound
मरुतां (marútām)
of the Maruts
विश्वं (víśvam)
whole
आ (ā́)
all around
सद्म (sádma)
dwelling, home
पार्थिवं (pā́rthivam)
earthly
अरेजयन्त (árejanta)
they trembled
प्र (prá)
forward
मानुषाः (mā́nuṣāḥ)
people
Stanza 1.38.11
मरु॑तो वीळुपा॒णिभि॑श्चि॒त्रा रोध॑स्वती॒रनु॑ | या॒तेमखि॑द्रयामभिः ||
máruto vīḷupāṇíbhiś citrā́ ródhasvatīr ánu yātém ákhidrayāmabhiḥ
O Maruts, you go with your strong-hoofed, tireless steeds towards the bright, flowing (clouds).
This verse addresses the Maruts directly, acknowledging their powerful steeds that are strong and don't tire. The poet observes that they travel towards bright, possibly rain-filled, clouds, indicating their dynamic movement and association with weather phenomena.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. मरुतः वीळुपाणिभिः márutaḥ vīḷupāṇíbhiḥ (8 syllables)
- B. चित्रा रोdhस्वतीः अनु citrā́ḥ ródhasvatīḥ ánu (8 syllables)
- C. याते ईम् अखिद्रयामभिः yātá īm ákhidrayāmabhiḥ (8 syllables)
मरुतः (márutaḥ)
O Maruts
वीळुपाणिभिः (vīḷupāṇíbhiḥ)
with strong-hoofed
चित्रा (citrā́ḥ)
bright, varied
रोdhस्वतीः (ródhasvatīḥ)
flowing, full of rain
अनु (ánu)
along
याते (yātá)
go
ईम् (īm)
them
अखिद्रयामभिः (ákhidrayāmabhiḥ)
with never-wearying (steeds)
Stanza 1.38.12
स्थि॒रा वः॑ सन्तु ने॒मयो॒ रथा॒ अश्वा॑स एषाम् | सुसं॑स्कृता अ॒भीश॑वः ||
sthirā́ vaḥ santu nemáyo ráthā áśvāsa eṣām súsaṁskr̥tā abhī́śavaḥ
May your wheel-rims be firm, your chariots and horses strong, and your reins well-fashioned.
This is a blessing or a wish for the Maruts' equipment. The poet wishes that their chariot wheels be firm, their chariots sturdy, and their horses strong. Additionally, the reins that control the horses should be well-made and effective, ensuring a smooth and powerful journey.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. स्थिरा वः सन्तु नेमयः sthirā́ḥ vaḥ santu nemáyaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. रथा अश्वासः एषां ráthāḥ áśvāsaḥ eṣām (8 syllables)
- C. सुसंस्कृताः अभीशवः súsaṃskr̥tāḥ abhī́śavaḥ (8 syllables)
स्थिरा (sthirā́ḥ)
firm, steady
वः (vaḥ)
your
सन्तु (santu)
may be
नेमयः (nemáyaḥ)
wheel-rims
रथा (ráthāḥ)
chariots
अश्वासः (áśvāsaḥ)
horses
एषां (eṣām)
their
सुसंस्कृताः (súsaṃskr̥tāḥ)
well-made, well-prepared
अभीशवः (abhī́śavaḥ)
reins
Stanza 1.38.13
अच्छा॑ वदा॒ तना॑ गि॒रा ज॒रायै॒ ब्रह्म॑ण॒स्पति॑म् | अ॒ग्निं मि॒त्रं न द॑र्श॒तम् ||
áchā vadā tánā girā́ jarā́yai bráhmaṇas pátim agním mitráṁ ná darśatám
Speak forth with your voice to praise the Lord of Prayer, Agni, like the visible friend Mitra.
The poet encourages Agni, the god of fire and the Lord of Prayer, to speak forth with praise. He is urged to extend his song, much like Mitra (a god of friendship and contracts) is pleasant to behold. It's a call for Agni to powerfully and beautifully express his devotion and the prayers he carries.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अच्छा वदा तना गिरा ácha + vada + tánā girā́ (8 syllables)
- B. जरायै ब्रह्मणः पतिं jarā́yai bráhmaṇaḥ pátim (8 syllables)
- C. अग्निं मित्रं न दशर्तं agním mitrám ná darśatám (8 syllables)
अच्छा (ácha +)
forth
वदा (vada +)
speak
तना (tánā)
by extension
गिरा (girā́)
with song
जरायै (jarā́yai)
for praise
ब्रह्मणः (bráhmaṇaḥ)
of prayer
पतिं (pátim)
lord
अग्निं (agním)
Agni
मित्रं (mitrám)
Mitra
न (ná)
like
दशर्तं (darśatám)
visible, beautiful
Stanza 1.38.14
मि॒मी॒हि श्लोक॑मा॒स्ये॑ प॒र्जन्य॑ इव ततनः | गाय॑ गाय॒त्रमु॒क्थ्य॑म् ||
mimīhí ślókam āsyè parjánya iva tatanaḥ gā́ya gāyatrám ukthyàm
Fashion a hymn in your mouth! Expand like the rain-cloud! Sing a glorious, praiseworthy song.
The poet instructs Agni to shape a powerful hymn in his 'mouth' (meaning, to express it). He should expand like a rain-filled cloud and sing a glorious, profound song. This calls for Agni to manifest his divine power and eloquence through praise.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. मीमीहि श्लोकं आस्ये mimīhí ślókam āsyè (8 syllables)
- B. पर्जन्य इव ततनः parjányaḥ iva tatanaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. गाय गायत्रं उक्थ्यं gā́ya gāyatrám ukthyàm (8 syllables)
मीमीहि (mimīhí)
fashion, create
श्लोकं (ślókam)
hymn, verse
आस्ये (āsyè)
in the mouth
पर्जन्य (parjányaḥ)
rain-cloud
इव (iva)
like
ततनः (tatanaḥ)
you expand
गाय (gā́ya)
sing
गायत्रं (gāyatrám)
a Gayatri hymn
उक्थ्यं (ukthyàm)
praiseworthy
Stanza 1.38.15
वन्द॑स्व॒ मारु॑तं ग॒णं त्वे॒षं प॑न॒स्युम॒र्किण॑म् | अ॒स्मे वृ॒द्धा अ॑सन्नि॒ह ||
vándasva mā́rutaṁ gaṇáṁ tveṣám panasyúm arkíṇam asmé vr̥ddhā́ asann ihá
Worship the Marut host, the fierce, praiseworthy, and radiant ones. May they be great among us here.
The hymn concludes with a call to worship the Marut group. They are described as fierce, worthy of praise, and radiant. The final wish is for these powerful beings to remain present and 'great' among the worshippers, signifying a desire for their continued favor and presence.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. वन्दस्व मारुतं गणं vándasva mā́rutam gaṇám (8 syllables)
- B. त्वेषं पनस्युं अर्किणं tveṣám panasyúm arkíṇam (8 syllables)
- C. अस्मे वृद्धाः असन् इह asmé vr̥ddhā́ḥ asan ihá (8 syllables)
वन्दस्व (vándasva)
worship, praise
मारुतं (mā́rutam)
Marut
गणं (gaṇám)
host, group
त्वेषं (tveṣám)
fierce, terrible
पनस्युं (panasyúm)
praiseworthy
अर्किणं (arkíṇam)
radiant, shining
अस्मे (asmé)
among us
वृद्धाः (vr̥ddhā́ḥ)
great ones
असन् (asan)
may be
इह (ihá)
here