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Stanza 1.173.1
गाय॒त्साम॑ नभ॒न्यं१॒॑ यथा॒ वेरर्चा॑म॒ तद्वा॑वृधा॒नं स्व॑र्वत् | गावो॑ धे॒नवो॑ ब॒र्हिष्यद॑ब्धा॒ आ यत्स॒द्मानं॑ दि॒व्यं विवा॑सान् ||
gā́yat sā́ma nabhanyàṁ yáthā vér árcāma tád vāvr̥dhānáṁ svàrvat gā́vo dhenávo barhíṣy ádabdhā ā́ yát sadmā́naṁ divyáṁ vívāsān
Let the song be sung, bursting forth like a bird! Let us praise that hymn which expands like the sky! So that the unhindered, milk-giving cows may call the gods to the sacred grass, as they settle into their divine dwelling.
This verse kicks off a hymn to Indra, focusing on the power of song and praise. It describes how a "song" or "hymn" (sāman) should be sung, like a bird taking flight, expanding like the heavens. The goal is to attract divine attention, specifically to gather the milk-giving cows (representing abundance) and the gods to the sacred grass (barhis), inviting them to partake in the offerings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. गायत् साम नभन्यं यथा वेः gā́yat sā́ma nabhanyàm yáthā véḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अर्चाम तद् वावृधांनां स्वर्वत् árcāma tát vāvr̥dhānám svàrvat (11 syllables)
- C. गावो धेनव बर्हिष्यद् अब्धा gā́vaḥ dhenávaḥ barhíṣi ádabdhāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. आ यत् सद्मानं दिव्यं विवि.सान ā́ yát sadmā́nam divyám vívāsān (11 syllables)
गायत् (gā́yat)
sings
साम (sā́ma)
hymn/song
नभन्यं (nabhanyàm)
heavenly
यथा (yáthā)
as
वेः (véḥ)
of the sky
अर्चाम (árcāma)
let us praise
तद् (tát)
that
वावृधांनां (vāvr̥dhānám)
expanding
स्वर्वत् (svàrvat)
heavenly
गावो (gā́vaḥ)
cows
धेनव (dhenávaḥ)
milk-giving (cows)
बर्हिष्यद् (barhíṣi)
on the sacred grass
अब्धा (ádabdhāḥ)
unhindered
आ (ā́)
down
यत् (yát)
as
सद्मानं (sadmā́nam)
dwelling
दिव्यं (divyám)
divine
विवि.सान (vívāsān)
settle in
Stanza 1.173.2
अर्च॒द्वृषा॒ वृष॑भिः॒ स्वेदु॑हव्यैर्मृ॒गो नाश्नो॒ अति॒ यज्जु॑गु॒र्यात् | प्र म॑न्द॒युर्म॒नां गू॑र्त॒ होता॒ भर॑ते॒ मर्यो॑ मिथु॒ना यज॑त्रः ||
árcad vŕ̥ṣā vŕ̥ṣabhiḥ svéduhavyair mr̥gó nā́śno áti yáj juguryā́t prá mandayúr manā́ṁ gūrta hótā bhárate máryo mithunā́ yájatraḥ
The mighty one sings with his mighty companions and their devoted offerings. Like a hungry beast, he roars forth. The joyous priest, with his mind, and the youth, bringing a dual offering, worship and bring forth the moving god.
This verse paints a vibrant picture of Indra, described as a "bull" (vrishā) who sings powerfully, like a roaring, hungry wild beast. He is invoked with offerings that are "sweaty" (svedu-havyaih), suggesting intense effort or devotion. The stanza also personifies Indra as a "priest" (hotā) who brings his devoted mind (mandayuḥ) and a "youth" (maryaḥ) offering a dual tribute (mithunā). He is the worshippable one (yajatraḥ) who is moving forward (pra bharate).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अर्चत् वृषा वृषभिः स्वेदुहव्यैः árcat vŕ̥ṣā vŕ̥ṣabhiḥ svéduhavyaiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. मृगः न अश्नः अति यत् जुगुर्यात् mr̥gáḥ ná áśnaḥ áti yát juguryā́t (11 syllables)
- C. प्र मन्दयुः मनां गूर्त होता prá mandayúḥ manā́m gūrta hótā (11 syllables)
- D. भरते मर्यः मिथुना यजत्रः bhárate máryaḥ mithunā́ yájatraḥ (11 syllables)
अर्चत् (árcat)
sings
वृषा (vŕ̥ṣā)
mighty one/bull
वृषभिः (vŕ̥ṣabhiḥ)
with the mighty ones
स्वेदुहव्यैः (svéduhavyaiḥ)
with intense/sweaty offerings
मृगः (mr̥gáḥ)
beast
न (ná)
like
अश्नः (áśnaḥ)
hungry
अति (áti)
forth
यत् (yát)
that which
जुगुर्यात् (juguryā́t)
might roar
प्र (prá)
forward
मन्दयुः (mandayúḥ)
joyous
मनां (manā́m)
mind
गूर्त (gūrta)
worshiped
होता (hótā)
priest
भरते (bhárate)
brings/carries
मर्यः (máryaḥ)
youth
मिथुना (mithunā́)
in pairs/dual
यजत्रः (yájatraḥ)
worshippable
Stanza 1.173.3
नक्ष॒द्धोता॒ परि॒ सद्म॑ मि॒ता यन्भर॒द्गर्भ॒मा श॒रदः॑ पृथि॒व्याः | क्रन्द॒दश्वो॒ नय॑मानो रु॒वद्गौर॒न्तर्दू॒तो न रोद॑सी चर॒द्वाक् ||
nákṣad dhótā pári sádma mitā́ yán bhárad gárbham ā́ śarádaḥ pr̥thivyā́ḥ krándad áśvo náyamāno ruvád gaúr antár dūtó ná ródasī carad vā́k
May the priest arrive, circling the measured places, bringing the earth's autumnal bounty. Let the horse neigh, led on, let the bull bellow; like a messenger, let the voice travel between earth and sky.
This verse continues the invocation, describing the 'priest' (hotā) moving around the 'measured places' (mitā sadmāni). He is bringing a 'fruit' (garbham) from the earth, specifically related to autumn (śaradaḥ). The imagery then shifts to animal sounds: a horse neighing (krandat aśvaḥ) and a bull bellowing (ruvat gaur). This powerful sound is compared to a messenger (dūtaḥ) moving between the sky and earth (rodasī), representing the divine message or presence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. नक्षत् होता परि सद्म मिता यन् nákṣat hótā pári sádma mitā́ yán (11 syllables)
- B. भरत् गर्भ आ शरदः पृ kojim bhárat gárbham ā́ śarádaḥ pr̥thivyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. क्रन्दत् अश्वः नयमानो रुवद् गौर krándat áśvaḥ náyamānaḥ ruvát gaúḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अन्तर् दूत न रोदसी चरद् वाक् antár dūtáḥ ná ródasī carat vā́k (11 syllables)
नक्षत् (nákṣat)
arrives
होता (hótā)
priest
परि (pári)
around
सद्म (sádma)
dwellings/places
मिता (mitā́)
measured
यन् (yán)
who is
भरत् (bhárat)
brings
गर्भ (gárbham)
fruit/embryo/essence
आ (ā́)
from
शरदः (śarádaḥ)
of autumn
पृ kojim (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
क्रन्दत् (krándat)
neighing
अश्वः (áśvaḥ)
horse
नयमानो (náyamānaḥ)
being led
रुवद् (ruvát)
bellowing
गौर (gaúḥ)
bull/steer
अन्तर् (antár)
between
दूत (dūtáḥ)
messenger
न (ná)
like
रोदसी (ródasī)
earth and sky
चरद् (carat)
travels
वाक् (vā́k)
voice
Stanza 1.173.4
ता क॒र्माष॑तरास्मै॒ प्र च्यौ॒त्नानि॑ देव॒यन्तो॑ भरन्ते | जुजो॑ष॒दिन्द्रो॑ द॒स्मव॑र्चा॒ नास॑त्येव॒ सुग्म्यो॑ रथे॒ष्ठाः ||
tā́ karmā́ṣatarāsmai prá cyautnā́ni devayánto bharante jújoṣad índro dasmávarcā nā́satyeva súgmyo ratheṣṭhā́ḥ
We perform these actions for him, the pious ones bring forth these moving offerings. May Indra, whose radiance is wondrous, accept them, swift like the Nasatyas in his chariot.
The worshippers (devayantaḥ) are offering these prayers and sacrifices ('karma', 'cyautnāni') to Indra, hoping he accepts them with joy. Indra is described as having a "wondrous radiance" (dasmavarchāḥ) and being swift like the Nasatyas (divine twins), especially in his chariot. The verse is a plea for Indra's favorable reception of their offerings, emphasizing his power and swiftness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ता कर्मा अषतरा अस्मै tā́ karma áṣatarā asmai (8 syllables)
- B. प्र च्यौत्नानि देवयन्तो भरन्ते prá cyautnā́ni devayántaḥ bharante (11 syllables)
- C. जुजोषद इन्द्रो दस्मवर्चा jújoṣat índraḥ dasmávarcāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. नासत्य इव सुग्म्य रथेष्ठाः nā́satyā iva súgmyaḥ ratheṣṭhā́ḥ (11 syllables)
ता (tā́)
these
कर्मा (karma)
actions/rituals
अषतरा (áṣatarā)
moving
अस्मै (asmai)
to him
प्र (prá)
forth
च्यौत्नानि (cyautnā́ni)
offerings/moving things
देवयन्तो (devayántaḥ)
worshippers
भरन्ते (bharante)
they bring
जुजोषद (jújoṣat)
may he delight in/accept
इन्द्रो (índraḥ)
Indra
दस्मवर्चा (dasmávarcāḥ)
with wondrous radiance
नासत्य (nā́satyā)
like the Nasatyas
इव (iva)
like
सुग्म्य (súgmyaḥ)
swift
रथेष्ठाः (ratheṣṭhā́ḥ)
chariot-dweller/swift in chariot
Stanza 1.173.5
तमु॑ ष्टु॒हीन्द्रं॒ यो ह॒ सत्वा॒ यः शूरो॑ म॒घवा॒ यो र॑थे॒ष्ठाः | प्र॒ती॒चश्चि॒द्योधी॑या॒न्वृष॑ण्वान्वव॒व्रुष॑श्चि॒त्तम॑सो विह॒न्ता ||
tám u ṣṭuhī́ndraṁ yó ha sátvā yáḥ śū́ro maghávā yó ratheṣṭhā́ḥ pratīcáś cid yódhīyān vŕ̥ṣaṇvān vavavrúṣaś cit támaso vihantā́
Praise that Indra who is truly mighty, the hero, the wealthy one, the charioteer! He is stronger than any opponent, the destroyer of darkness, mighty and triumphant.
This verse is a direct call to praise Indra, highlighting his immense power and attributes. He is the "mighty" (satvā), the "hero" (śūra), the "bestower of riches" (maghavā), and the one who excels in his chariot (ratheṣṭhāḥ). The stanza emphasizes his superiority in battle, even over those who oppose him, and his ability to "destroy" (vihanāntā) "darkness" (tamasah), suggesting he brings light and victory.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. तमु उ स्तुही इन्द्रं यः ह सत्वा tám u stuhi índram yáḥ ha sátvā (11 syllables)
- B. यः शूरो मघवा यः रथेष्ठाः yáḥ śū́raḥ maghávā yáḥ ratheṣṭhā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. प्रतीच चिद् योधीयान् वृषन्वान् pratīcáḥ cit yódhīyān vŕ̥ṣaṇvān (11 syllables)
- D. ववव्रुष चिद् तमसो विहन्ता vavavrúṣaḥ cit támasaḥ vihantā́ (11 syllables)
तमु (tám)
him
उ (u)
indeed
स्तुही (stuhi)
praise
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
यः (yáḥ)
who
ह (ha)
indeed
सत्वा (sátvā)
mighty
यः (yáḥ)
who
शूरो (śū́raḥ)
hero
मघवा (maghávā)
wealthy/generous
यः (yáḥ)
who
रथेष्ठाः (ratheṣṭhā́ḥ)
chariot-dweller/master of the chariot
प्रतीच (pratīcáḥ)
opposing
चिद् (cit)
even
योधीयान् (yódhīyān)
stronger in battle
वृषन्वान् (vŕ̥ṣaṇvān)
vigorous/strong
ववव्रुष (vavavrúṣaḥ)
of the victorious
चिद् (cit)
even
तमसो (támasaḥ)
of darkness
विहन्ता (vihantā́)
destroyer
Stanza 1.173.6
प्र यदि॒त्था म॑हि॒ना नृभ्यो॒ अस्त्यरं॒ रोद॑सी क॒क्ष्ये॒३॒॑ नास्मै॑ | सं वि॑व्य॒ इन्द्रो॑ वृ॒जनं॒ न भूमा॒ भर्ति॑ स्व॒धावाँ॑ ओप॒शमि॑व॒ द्याम् ||
prá yád itthā́ mahinā́ nŕ̥bhyo ásty áraṁ ródasī kakṣyè nā́smai sáṁ vivya índro vr̥jánaṁ ná bhū́mā bhárti svadhā́vām̐ opaśám iva dyā́m
His greatness surpasses heroes; the earth and sky are not wide enough to encircle him. Indra adorns himself with the world as a garment, and the sky as a headband.
This verse elevates Indra's greatness, stating that even the earth and sky combined are not enough to 'girdle' or contain him. He 'wears' the world like a garment ('vrjanam na bhūma') and the sky like a headband ('opaśam iva dyām'). This hyperbolic praise emphasizes his cosmic scale and majesty, suggesting he is clothed in the very fabric of the universe.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र यत् इत्था महिना नृभ्यः अस्ति prá yát itthā́ mahinā́ nŕ̥bhyaḥ ásti (11 syllables)
- B. अरं रोदसी कक्ष्ये न अस्मै áram ródasī kakṣyè ná asmai (11 syllables)
- C. सं विव्ये इन्द्रः वृजनं न भूमा sám vivye índraḥ vr̥jánam ná bhū́ma + (11 syllables)
- D. भरति स्वधावाँ ओपशं इव द्यां bhárti svadhā́vān opaśám iva dyā́m (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forward
यत् (yát)
that which
इत्था (itthā́)
thus/in this way
महिना (mahinā́)
by greatness
नृभ्यः (nŕ̥bhyaḥ)
than heroes
अस्ति (ásti)
is
अरं (áram)
enough
रोदसी (ródasī)
earth and sky
कक्ष्ये (kakṣyè)
girdles/belts
न (ná)
like
अस्मै (asmai)
for him
सं (sám)
together/completely
विव्ये (vivye)
is embraced/worn
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
वृजनं (vr̥jánam)
garment/covering
न (ná)
like
भूमा (bhū́ma +)
the earth
भरति (bhárti)
wears/carries
स्वधावाँ (svadhā́vān)
possessing power/self-sustained
ओपशं (opaśám)
headband/ornament
इव (iva)
like
द्यां (dyā́m)
the sky
Stanza 1.173.7
स॒मत्सु॑ त्वा शूर स॒तामु॑रा॒णं प्र॑प॒थिन्त॑मं परितंस॒यध्यै॑ | स॒जोष॑स॒ इन्द्रं॒ मदे॑ क्षो॒णीः सू॒रिं चि॒द्ये अ॑नु॒मद॑न्ति॒ वाजैः॑ ||
samátsu tvā śūra satā́m urāṇám prapathíntamam paritaṁsayádhyai sajóṣasa índram máde kṣoṇī́ḥ sūríṁ cid yé anumádanti vā́jaiḥ
We call you, hero, protector in battles, the foremost leader, to come to us. The joyful hosts, the princes, and the Maruts celebrate and welcome Indra with their gifts and festivities.
This verse addresses Indra directly, calling him "hero" (śūra) and acknowledging his role as protector in battles ('samatsu'). He is the foremost leader ('prapathintamam') who is called upon for help. The gods ('devīḥ'), along with the worshipper ('sūrím') and possibly the Maruts, are joyfully celebrating and inviting Indra ('anumadanti') with their offerings ('vājaiḥ') and joyous rituals ('made'), hoping he will come to their aid.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. समत्सु त्वा शूर सतामु उराण samátsu tvā śūra satā́m urāṇám (11 syllables)
- B. प्रपथिन्तं परितंसयध्यै prapathíntamam paritaṃsayádhyai (11 syllables)
- C. सजोषस इन्द्रं मदे क्षोणीः sajóṣasaḥ índram máde kṣoṇī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. सूरिं चि ये अनुमदन्ति वाजैः sūrím cit yé anumádanti vā́jaiḥ (11 syllables)
समत्सु (samátsu)
in battles
त्वा (tvā)
you
शूर (śūra)
hero
सतामु (satā́m)
of the strong/heroes
उराण (urāṇám)
protecting/sheltering
प्रपथिन्तं (prapathíntamam)
foremost leader/advancer
परितंसयध्यै (paritaṃsayádhyai)
to call/beckon
सजोषस (sajóṣasaḥ)
joyfully together
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
मदे (máde)
in exhilaration/joy
क्षोणीः (kṣoṇī́ḥ)
lands/people
सूरिं (sūrím)
prince/leader
चि (cit)
even
ये (yé)
who
अनुमदन्ति (anumádanti)
rejoice with/welcome
वाजैः (vā́jaiḥ)
with gifts/riches
Stanza 1.173.8
ए॒वा हि ते॒ शं सव॑ना समु॒द्र आपो॒ यत्त॑ आ॒सु मद॑न्ति दे॒वीः | विश्वा॑ ते॒ अनु॒ जोष्या॑ भू॒द्गौः सू॒रीँश्चि॒द्यदि॑ धि॒षा वेषि॒ जना॑न् ||
evā́ hí te śáṁ sávanā samudrá ā́po yát ta āsú mádanti devī́ḥ víśvā te ánu jóṣyā bhūd gaúḥ sūrī́ṁś cid yádi dhiṣā́ véṣi jánān
Indeed, these libations are pleasing to you, even in the ocean. Your divine waters rejoice in you. Everything becomes desirable to you, O Indra, when with understanding you seek the princes and people.
This verse expresses the devotee's desire for Indra's presence and favor. Libations ('savana') are pleasant to him, even in the 'sea' ('samudre'), and the divine waters ('apo devīḥ') rejoice in him. The verse states that everything ('viśvā') becomes pleasing ('josyā') to Indra when he is sought with understanding ('dhiṣā') and desire ('veṣi'), whether it's the earth ('bhūma'), princes ('sūrīn'), or people ('janān').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. एवा हि ते शं सवना समुद्रे evá + hí te śám sávanā samudré (11 syllables)
- B. आपो यत् ते आसु मदन्ति देवीः ā́paḥ yát te āsú mádanti devī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. विश्वा ते अनु जोष्या भूद् गौः víśvā te ánu jóṣyā bhūt gaúḥ (11 syllables)
- D. सूरीँ चिद् यदि धिषा वेषि जनान् sūrī́n cit yádi dhiṣā́ véṣi jánān (11 syllables)
एवा (evá +)
so
हि (hí)
indeed
ते (te)
to you
शं (śám)
pleasing/pleasant
सवना (sávanā)
libations/offerings
समुद्रे (samudré)
in the ocean
आपो (ā́paḥ)
waters
यत् (yát)
when
ते (te)
to you
आसु (āsú)
in them
मदन्ति (mádanti)
rejoice
देवीः (devī́ḥ)
divine (feminine)
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
ते (te)
to you
अनु (ánu)
after/according to
जोष्या (jóṣyā)
desirable/pleasing
भूद् (bhūt)
becomes
गौः (gaúḥ)
earth/cow
सूरीँ (sūrī́n)
princes/leaders
चिद् (cit)
even
यदि (yádi)
if/when
धिषा (dhiṣā́)
with understanding/wisdom
वेषि (véṣi)
you seek/desire
जनान् (jánān)
people
Stanza 1.173.9
असा॑म॒ यथा॑ सुष॒खाय॑ एन स्वभि॒ष्टयो॑ न॒रां न शंसैः॑ | अस॒द्यथा॑ न॒ इन्द्रो॑ वन्दने॒ष्ठास्तु॒रो न कर्म॒ नय॑मान उ॒क्था ||
ásāma yáthā suṣakhā́ya ena svabhiṣṭáyo narā́ṁ ná śáṁsaiḥ ásad yáthā na índro vandaneṣṭhā́s turó ná kárma náyamāna ukthā́
May we be well-befriended by him, as heroes are aided by praise. May Indra remain with us in our worship, swiftly approaching to hear our hymns and work.
This verse expresses a prayer for spiritual and material well-being through Indra's friendship. The worshippers wish to be "well-befriended" ('suṣakhāyaḥ') and "well-aided" ('svabhiṣṭayaḥ') by Indra, just as chieftains ('narām') are aided by praise ('śaṃsaiḥ'). They desire Indra to remain present ('asat') at their worship ('vandanēṣṭhāḥ'), moving swiftly ('turáḥ nayaṁānaḥ') to hear their praises ('ukthā') and perform his duties, like someone eager to reach their goal.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. असाम यथा सुषखाय एन ásāma yáthā suṣakhā́yaḥ ena (11 syllables)
- B. स्वभिष्टय नरां न शंसैः svabhiṣṭáyaḥ narā́m ná śáṃsaiḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अ.सद् यथा न इन्द्रो वन्दनेष्ठा ásat yáthā naḥ índraḥ vandaneṣṭhā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. तुरो न कर्म नयमानो उक्था turáḥ ná kárma náyamānaḥ ukthā́ (11 syllables)
असाम (ásāma)
may we be
यथा (yáthā)
as
सुषखाय (suṣakhā́yaḥ)
well-befriended
एन (ena)
by him
स्वभिष्टय (svabhiṣṭáyaḥ)
well-aided/successful
नरां (narā́m)
of heroes/men
न (ná)
as
शंसैः (śáṃsaiḥ)
by praises
अ.सद् (ásat)
may he remain/dwell
यथा (yáthā)
as
न (naḥ)
with us
इन्द्रो (índraḥ)
Indra
वन्दनेष्ठा (vandaneṣṭhā́ḥ)
dweller at worship/worthy of praise
तुरो (turáḥ)
swift
न (ná)
as
कर्म (kárma)
work/action
नयमानो (náyamānaḥ)
being led
उक्था (ukthā́)
praises/hymns
Stanza 1.173.10
विष्प॑र्धसो न॒रां न शंसै॑र॒स्माका॑स॒दिन्द्रो॒ वज्र॑हस्तः | मि॒त्रा॒युवो॒ न पूर्प॑तिं॒ सुशि॑ष्टौ मध्या॒युव॒ उप॑ शिक्षन्ति य॒ज्ञैः ||
víṣpardhaso narā́ṁ ná śáṁsair asmā́kāsad índro vájrahastaḥ mitrāyúvo ná pū́rpatiṁ súśiṣṭau madhyāyúva úpa śikṣanti yajñaíḥ
As rivals praise leaders, may Indra, the thunderbolt-wielder, be our friend. Like citizens of a well-ruled city, may we assist him with sacrifices and seek his help.
This verse likens the relationship between Indra and his worshippers to a healthy alliance. It suggests that Indra, the "thunderbolt-wielder" (vajrahastaḥ), should be like a friend ('mitrāyuvo na pūrpati') to them, supporting them like a city's lord ('pūrpatiṁ') is supported by his people who are well-organized ('susistau') and have good intentions ('madhyāyuvah'). The worshippers assist him with sacrifices ('yajñaḥ'), and in return, he helps them to achieve their desires ('śikṣanti').
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विष्पर्धसो नरां न शंसैः víṣpardhasaḥ narā́m ná śáṃsaiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अस्माका अ.सद् इन्द्रो वज्रहस्तः asmā́ka asat índraḥ vájrahastaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. मित्रायुव न पूर्पतिं सुशिष्टौ mitrāyúvaḥ ná pū́rpatim súśiṣṭau (11 syllables)
- D. मध्यायुव उप शिक्षन्ति यज्ञैः madhyāyúvaḥ úpa śikṣanti yajñaíḥ (11 syllables)
विष्पर्धसो (víṣpardhasaḥ)
rivals/those who compete
नरां (narā́m)
of men/leaders
न (ná)
like
शंसैः (śáṃsaiḥ)
by praises
अस्माका (asmā́ka)
ours
अ.सद् (asat)
may he be
इन्द्रो (índraḥ)
Indra
वज्रहस्तः (vájrahastaḥ)
thunderbolt-handed
मित्रायुव (mitrāyúvaḥ)
desiring friendship
न (ná)
like
पूर्पतिं (pū́rpatim)
lord of the city
सुशिष्टौ (súśiṣṭau)
well-ordered/disciplined
मध्यायुव (madhyāyúvaḥ)
having good intentions/support
उप (úpa)
towards
शिक्षन्ति (śikṣanti)
they learn/seek/help
यज्ञैः (yajñaíḥ)
with sacrifices
Stanza 1.173.11
य॒ज्ञो हि ष्मेन्द्रं॒ कश्चि॑दृ॒न्धञ्जु॑हुरा॒णश्चि॒न्मन॑सा परि॒यन् | ती॒र्थे नाच्छा॑ तातृषा॒णमोको॑ दी॒र्घो न सि॒ध्रमा कृ॑णो॒त्यध्वा॑ ||
yajñó hí ṣméndraṁ káś cid r̥ndháñ juhurāṇáś cin mánasā pariyán tīrthé nā́chā tātr̥ṣāṇám óko dīrghó ná sidhrám ā́ kr̥ṇoty ádhvā
For every sacrifice makes Indra stronger, as he moves around with determination and intention. Like a thirsty traveler reaching a destination, or a successful journey, he comes to us.
This verse explains how Indra's strength grows with each sacrifice ('yajñaḥ'). He is described as moving around with a determined ('r̥ndhan') and perhaps even 'angry' ('juhurāṇáḥ') spirit, driven by his mind ('manasā'). The verse compares his arrival to the eagerness of a thirsty person at a ford ('tīrthé tātr̥ṣāṇam') or a successful journey ('sidhraṁ adhva') reaching its destination ('okaḥ'). This highlights how devotion and offerings bring Indra closer and make him more powerful.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यज्ञो हि ष्मे इन्द्रं कश्चिद् मनसा जुहुराण yajñáḥ hí sma índram káḥ cit r̥ndhán (11 syllables)
- B. चिन् मनसा परियन् तीर्थे juhurāṇáḥ cit mánasā pariyán (11 syllables)
- C. नाच्छा आ ओक दीर्घो न tīrthé ná ácha + tātr̥ṣāṇám ókaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. सिध्रं आ कृणोत्यध्वा dīrgháḥ ná sidhrám ā́ kr̥ṇoti ádhvā (11 syllables)
यज्ञो (yajñáḥ)
sacrifice
हि (hí)
indeed
ष्मे (sma)
indeed
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
कश्चिद् (káḥ)
who
मनसा (cit)
even
जुहुराण (r̥ndhán)
making strong/powerful
चिन् (juhurāṇáḥ)
intending/moving with purpose
मनसा (cit)
even
परियन् (mánasā)
by mind/intention
तीर्थे (pariyán)
moving around
नाच्छा (tīrthé)
at the ford/crossing
आ (ná)
like
ओक (ácha +)
towards
दीर्घो (tātr̥ṣāṇám)
thirsty
न (ókaḥ)
home/destination
सिध्रं (dīrgháḥ)
long
आ (ná)
like
कृणोत्यध्वा (sidhrám)
successful/achieving
(ā́)
towards
(kr̥ṇoti)
makes
(ádhvā)
path/journey
Stanza 1.173.12
मो षू ण॑ इ॒न्द्रात्र॑ पृ॒त्सु दे॒वैरस्ति॒ हि ष्मा॑ ते शुष्मिन्नव॒याः | म॒हश्चि॒द्यस्य॑ मी॒ळ्हुषो॑ य॒व्या ह॒विष्म॑तो म॒रुतो॒ वन्द॑ते॒ गीः ||
mó ṣū́ ṇa indrā́tra pr̥tsú devaír ásti hí ṣmā te śuṣminn avayā́ḥ maháś cid yásya mīḷhúṣo yavyā́ havíṣmato marúto vándate gī́ḥ
Indra, do not contend with the gods against us; this is your rightful place. The great Maruts, along with their offerings, praise you, O Mighty One.
This verse is a plea to Indra not to fight against his own people ('mā u ṣu naḥ') but to recognize his rightful place and portion ('te avayāḥ') among the gods. It emphasizes his inherent strength ('śuṣmin') and his connection to the powerful Maruts, who honor him. The verse suggests that Indra's greatness ('maháḥ') and might are such that even the 'bountiful Maruts' ('havismataḥ Marutaḥ') praise him with their songs ('gīḥ'), recognizing his power and accepting his rule.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मो षू ण इन्द्र अत्र पृत्सु देव रस्ति mā́ u sú + naḥ indra átra pr̥tsú devaíḥ (11 syllables)
- B. हि ष्मा ते शुष्मिन्नव याः म ásti hí sma + te śuṣmin avayā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. श्चिद् यस्य मीळ्हषो यव्या हविष्म maháḥ cit yásya mīḷhúṣaḥ yavyā́ (11 syllables)
- D. तो मरुतो वन्दते गीः havíṣmataḥ marútaḥ vándate gī́ḥ (11 syllables)
मो (mā́)
not
षू (u)
indeed
ण (sú +)
quickly
इन्द्र (naḥ)
us
अत्र (indra)
Indra
पृत्सु (átra)
here
देव (pr̥tsú)
in battles
रस्ति (devaíḥ)
by the gods
हि (ásti)
is
ष्मा (hí)
indeed
ते (sma +)
indeed
शुष्मिन्नव (te)
your
याः (śuṣmin)
O mighty one
म (avayā́ḥ)
portion/share
श्चिद् (maháḥ)
great
यस्य (cit)
even
मीळ्हषो (yásya)
whose
यव्या (mīḷhúṣaḥ)
bounteous/bestowing
हविष्म (yavyā́)
flowing
तो (havíṣmataḥ)
with offerings
मरुतो (marútaḥ)
Maruts
वन्दते (vándate)
worships/praises
गीः (gī́ḥ)
song/praise
Stanza 1.173.13
ए॒ष स्तोम॑ इन्द्र॒ तुभ्य॑म॒स्मे ए॒तेन॑ गा॒तुं ह॑रिवो विदो नः | आ नो॑ ववृत्याः सुवि॒ताय॑ देव वि॒द्यामे॒षं वृ॒जनं॑ जी॒रदा॑नुम् ||
eṣá stóma indra túbhyam asmé eténa gātúṁ harivo vido naḥ ā́ no vavr̥tyāḥ suvitā́ya deva vidyā́meṣáṁ vr̥jánaṁ jīrádānum
This praise is for you, Indra. O Lord of Bay Steeds, grant us passage and prosperity with these words. Turn towards us, O God, so we may find abundant food and strength.
The worshippers offer this hymn ('stomaḥ') to Indra, asking him, the "Lord of Bay Steeds" ('harivaḥ'), to grant them passage ('gātum') and prosperity ('suvitāya'). They pray that he turns towards them ('ā naḥ vavr̥tyāḥ') and that they may find abundant sustenance ('iṣaṁ vr̥janam jīradānum') and prosperity. This verse is a heartfelt plea for Indra's favor and assistance in achieving worldly and spiritual well-being.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. एष स्तोम इन्द्र तुभ्यम अस्मे eṣá stómaḥ indra túbhyam asmé (11 syllables)
- B. एतेन गातुं हरिवो विदोनः ववृत्याः eténa gātúm harivaḥ vidaḥ naḥ (11 syllables)
- C. नः ववृत्याः सुविताय देव विद्यामे ā́ naḥ vavr̥tyāḥ suvitā́ya deva (11 syllables)
- D. षं वृजनं जीरदानुम् vidyā́ma iṣám vr̥jánam jīrádānum (11 syllables)
एष (eṣá)
this
स्तोम (stómaḥ)
praise/hymn
इन्द्र (indra)
Indra
तुभ्यम (túbhyam)
for you
अस्मे (asmé)
among us
एतेन (eténa)
with this
गातुं (gātúm)
path/passage
हरिवो (harivaḥ)
O Lord of Bay Steeds
विदोनः (vidaḥ)
may you find/grant
ववृत्याः (naḥ)
us
नः (ā́)
towards
ववृत्याः (naḥ)
us
सुविताय (vavr̥tyāḥ)
may you turn
देव (suvitā́ya)
for prosperity/well-being
विद्यामे (deva)
O God
षं (vidyā́ma)
may we find
वृजनं (iṣám)
food/sustenance
जीरदानुम् (vr̥jánam)
strength/vigor
(jīrádānum)
giving life/strength