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Stanza 8.18.1
इ॒दं ह॑ नू॒नमे॑षां सु॒म्नं भि॑क्षेत॒ मर्त्यः॑ | आ॒दि॒त्याना॒मपू॑र्व्यं॒ सवी॑मनि ||
idáṁ ha nūnám eṣāṁ sumnám bhikṣeta mártyaḥ ādityā́nām ápūrvyaṁ sávīmani
Now, a mortal should seek the favor and unique grace of these Adityas, along with their support.
This verse urges humans to approach the Adityas, a group of solar deities associated with cosmic order and protection. The mortal is encouraged to seek their favor and unique, unparalleled grace. This seeking is described as a form of worship or begging for their benevolent presence and support, which is essential for human well-being.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. इ॒दं ह नू॒नं ए॒षां idám ha nūnám eṣām (8 syllables)
- B. सु॒म्नं भि॒क्षेत मर्त्यः sumnám bhikṣeta mártyaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. आदि॒त्याना॒म अ॒पू॒र्व्यं ādityā́nām ápūrvyam (12 syllables)
- D. स॒वी॒मनि sávīmani (3 syllables)
इ॒दं (idám)
this
ह (ha)
indeed
नू॒नं (nūnám)
now
ए॒षां (eṣām)
of these
सु॒म्नं (sumnám)
favor, grace, well-being
भि॒क्षेत (bhikṣeta)
should beg, seek
मर्त्यः (mártyaḥ)
mortal human
आदि॒त्याना॒म (ādityā́nām)
of the Adityas
अ॒पू॒र्व्यं (ápūrvyam)
unprecedented, unique
स॒वी॒मनि (sávīmani)
in their power, in their might
Stanza 8.18.2
अ॒न॒र्वाणो॒ ह्ये॑षां॒ पन्था॑ आदि॒त्याना॑म् | अद॑ब्धाः॒ सन्ति॑ पा॒यवः॑ सुगे॒वृधः॑ ||
anarvā́ṇo hy èṣām pánthā ādityā́nām ádabdhāḥ sánti pāyávaḥ sugevŕ̥dhaḥ
For indeed, the path of these Adityas is unimpeded by any foe; they are infallible guardians who strengthen us toward a good existence.
This stanza describes the Adityas as divine beings whose path is unobstructed by any adversary. They are portrayed as infallible guardians whose presence and strength enhance well-being and ensure a safe journey through life, free from harm.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. अ॒न॒र्वाणो ह्ये ए॒षां anarvā́ṇaḥ hí eṣām (8 syllables)
- B. पन्था आदि॒त्याना pánthāḥ ādityā́nām (8 syllables)
- C. अद॑ब्धाः सन्ति पायवः ádabdhāḥ sánti pāyávaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. सुगे॒वृधः sugevŕ̥dhaḥ (3 syllables)
अ॒न॒र्वाणो (anarvā́ṇaḥ)
unimpeded by foes
ह्ये (hí)
indeed
ए॒षां (eṣām)
of them
पन्था (pánthāḥ)
path, way
आदि॒त्याना (ādityā́nām)
of the Adityas
अद॑ब्धाः (ádabdhāḥ)
unerring, infallible
सन्ति (sánti)
are
पायवः (pāyávaḥ)
guardians, protectors
सुगे॒वृधः (sugevŕ̥dhaḥ)
strengthening for good journey
Stanza 8.18.3
तत्सु नः॑ सवि॒ता भगो॒ वरु॑णो मि॒त्रो अ॑र्य॒मा | शर्म॑ यच्छन्तु स॒प्रथो॒ यदीम॑हे ||
tát sú naḥ savitā́ bhágo váruṇo mitró aryamā́ śárma yachantu saprátho yád ī́mahe
Therefore, may Savitar, Bhaga, Varuna, and Mitra soon grant us that widespread protection which we desire.
This verse is a prayer to several prominent deities: Savitar (the impeller), Bhaga (the bestower of fortune), Varuna (the upholder of cosmic law), and Mitra (the companion and friend). The supplicant asks these gods to bestow upon them a widely spread protection and shelter, which is what they desire.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. तत् सु नः सवि॒ता भगो tát sú naḥ savitā́ bhágaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. व aru॑णो मि॒त्रो अर्य॒मा váruṇaḥ mitráḥ aryamā́ (8 syllables)
- C. शर्म यच्छन्तु स॒प्रथो śárma yachantu sapráthaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. यत् ईमहे yát ī́mahe (3 syllables)
तत् (tát)
that
सु (sú)
quickly
नः (naḥ)
to us
सवि॒ता (savitā́)
Savitar (the impeller)
भगो (bhágaḥ)
Bhaga (fortune)
व aru॑णो (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna
मि॒त्रो (mitráḥ)
Mitra
अर्य॒मा (aryamā́)
Aryaman
शर्म (śárma)
protection, shelter
यच्छन्तु (yachantu)
may they grant
स॒प्रथो (sapráthaḥ)
widely spread
यत् (yát)
which
ईमहे (ī́mahe)
we desire
Stanza 8.18.4
दे॒वेभि॑र्देव्यदि॒तेऽरि॑ष्टभर्म॒न्ना ग॑हि | स्मत्सू॒रिभिः॑ पुरुप्रिये सु॒शर्म॑भिः ||
devébhir devy adité 'riṣṭabharmann ā́ gahi smát sūríbhiḥ purupriye suśármabhiḥ
With the gods, O goddess Aditi, who provides unfailing protection, come! Come to us with your protectors and those who bring great well-being.
The poet invokes Aditi, the mother goddess representing the infinite and the cosmic order, asking her to approach with divine beings and with those who provide good protection. The plea is for Aditi, who is addressed as 'goddess' and 'bestower of unfailing protection', to come to them with her companions and offer her safeguarding presence.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. दे॒वेभि दे॒वि अदि॒ते devébhiḥ devi adite (8 syllables)
- B. अरि॑ष्टभर्म आ ग॒हि áriṣṭabharman ā́ gahi (8 syllables)
- C. स्मत् सु॒रिभिः पुरु॒प्रिये smát sūríbhiḥ purupriye (12 syllables)
- D. सु॒शर्म॑भिः suśármabhiḥ (3 syllables)
दे॒वेभि (devébhiḥ)
with the gods
दे॒वि (devi)
O goddess
अदि॒ते (adite)
O Aditi
अरि॑ष्टभर्म (áriṣṭabharman)
bestower of unfailing protection
आ (ā́)
come!
ग॒हि (gahi)
come!
स्मत् (smát)
with us
सु॒रिभिः (sūríbhiḥ)
with protectors, with benefactors
पुरु॒प्रिये (purupriye)
dear to many
सु॒शर्म॑भिः (suśármabhiḥ)
with great protection
Stanza 8.18.5
ते हि पु॒त्रासो॒ अदि॑तेर्वि॒दुर्द्वेषां॑सि॒ योत॑वे | अं॒होश्चि॑दुरु॒चक्र॑योऽने॒हसः॑ ||
té hí putrā́so áditer vidúr dvéṣāṁsi yótave aṁhóś cid urucákrayo 'nehásaḥ
For indeed, these sons of Aditi know how to ward off hatreds and to create ample space; they deliver from distress.
This stanza identifies the Adityas as sons of Aditi and highlights their profound knowledge and ability to keep away harmful forces or enmities. They are described as unmatched and capable of creating vast space, thereby delivering from distress and danger.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. ते हि पु॒त्रासो अदि॑तेः té hí putrā́saḥ áditeḥ (8 syllables)
- B. वि॒दुर् द्वेषां॑सि योत॑वे vidúḥ dvéṣāṃsi yótave (8 syllables)
- C. अंहो चि उरु॒चक्र॑यः aṃhóḥ cit urucákrayaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. अने॒हसः anehásaḥ (3 syllables)
ते (té)
they
हि (hí)
indeed
पु॒त्रासो (putrā́saḥ)
sons
अदि॑तेः (áditeḥ)
of Aditi
वि॒दुर् (vidúḥ)
they know
द्वेषां॑सि (dvéṣāṃsi)
hatreds, enmities
योत॑वे (yótave)
to ward off, to keep away
अंहो (aṃhóḥ)
from distress, from danger
चि (cit)
even
उरु॒चक्र॑यः (urucákrayaḥ)
creating great space, vast
अने॒हसः (anehásaḥ)
free from distress, unassailable
Stanza 8.18.6
अदि॑तिर्नो॒ दिवा॑ प॒शुमदि॑ति॒र्नक्त॒मद्व॑याः | अदि॑तिः पा॒त्वंह॑सः स॒दावृ॑धा ||
áditir no dívā paśúm áditir náktam ádvayāḥ áditiḥ pātv áṁhasaḥ sadā́vr̥dhā
May Aditi protect our cattle by day; may Aditi protect them by night. May Aditi, the unwavering, always save us from distress.
This verse repeatedly calls upon Aditi, the primordial mother goddess, to protect their possessions (symbolized by 'cattle') during both day and night. Aditi is described as being without deceit ('ádvayāḥ') and as one who is perpetually strengthening ('sadā́vr̥dhā'), urging her to save them from distress.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. अदि॑तिः नः दि॒वा प॒शुम áditiḥ naḥ dívā paśúm (8 syllables)
- B. अदि॑तिः नक्त अद्व॑याः áditiḥ náktam ádvayāḥ (8 syllables)
- C. अदि॑तिः पा॒तु अंह॑सः áditiḥ pātu áṃhasaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. स॒दावृ॑धा sadā́vr̥dhā (3 syllables)
अदि॑तिः (áditiḥ)
Aditi
नः (naḥ)
our
दि॒वा (dívā)
by day
प॒शुम (paśúm)
cattle, possession
अदि॑तिः (áditiḥ)
Aditi
नक्त (náktam)
by night
अद्व॑याः (ádvayāḥ)
without deceit, unique
अदि॑तिः (áditiḥ)
Aditi
पा॒तु (pātu)
may she protect
अंह॑सः (áṃhasaḥ)
from distress, from evil
स॒दावृ॑धा (sadā́vr̥dhā)
always strengthening
Stanza 8.18.7
उ॒त स्या नो॒ दिवा॑ म॒तिरदि॑तिरू॒त्या ग॑मत् | सा शंता॑ति॒ मय॑स्कर॒दप॒ स्रिधः॑ ||
utá syā́ no dívā matír áditir ūtyā́ gamat sā́ śáṁtāti máyas karad ápa srídhaḥ
May our thought and Aditi's protection come to us during the day; may she bring well-being and prosperity, and drive away obstacles.
The poet expresses a desire for Aditi's presence and help during the day. This help is described as 'ūtyā́' (protection, succor) and the wish is for her to come, bringing with her well-being ('śáṃtāti') and prosperity ('máyaḥ'), while simultaneously driving away all opposition or obstacles ('srídhaḥ').
Meter: Ushnih
- A. उ॒त स्या नः दि॒वा म॒तिः utá syā́ naḥ dívā matíḥ (8 syllables)
- B. अदि॑तिः ऊ॒त्या आ ग॒मत् áditiḥ ūtyā́ ā́ gamat (8 syllables)
- C. सा शं॒ताति मय क॒र sā́ śáṃtāti máyaḥ karat (12 syllables)
- D. अप स्रिधः ápa srídhaḥ (2 syllables)
उ॒त (utá)
and
स्या (syā́)
that
नः (naḥ)
our
दि॒वा (dívā)
by day
म॒तिः (matíḥ)
thought, hymn, prayer
अदि॑तिः (áditiḥ)
Aditi
ऊ॒त्या (ūtyā́)
protection, succor
आ (ā́)
come!
ग॒मत् (gamat)
may she come
सा (sā́)
she
शं॒ताति (śáṃtāti)
well-being, peace
मय (máyaḥ)
prosperity, joy
क॒र (karat)
may she make
अप (ápa)
away
स्रिधः (srídhaḥ)
obstacles, opposition
Stanza 8.18.8
उ॒त त्या दैव्या॑ भि॒षजा॒ शं नः॑ करतो अ॒श्विना॑ | यु॒यु॒याता॑मि॒तो रपो॒ अप॒ स्रिधः॑ ||
utá tyā́ daívyā bhiṣájā śáṁ naḥ karato aśvínā yuyuyā́tām itó rápo ápa srídhaḥ
And may the divine physicians, the Ashvins, bring us health; may they remove sin and drive away obstacles.
This verse invokes the divine physician twins, the Ashvins, asking them to bring health and well-being. The prayer is that they may remove harmful influences and negative forces ('rápaḥ'), and also drive away obstacles ('srídhaḥ'), thereby ensuring the well-being of the supplicants.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. उ॒त त्या दैव्या भि॒षजा utá tyā́ daívyā bhiṣájā (8 syllables)
- B. शं नः क॒रतो अ॒श्विना śám naḥ karataḥ aśvínā (8 syllables)
- C. यु॒यु॒याता॑म् इतो रपो yuyuyā́tām itás rápaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. अप स्रिधः ápa srídhaḥ (2 syllables)
उ॒त (utá)
and
त्या (tyā́)
those
दैव्या (daívyā)
divine
भि॒षजा (bhiṣájā)
physicians
शं (śám)
well-being, health
नः (naḥ)
to us
क॒रतो (karataḥ)
may they bring
अ॒श्विना (aśvínā)
O Ashvins
यु॒यु॒याता॑म् (yuyuyā́tām)
may they keep away
इतो (itás)
from here
रपो (rápaḥ)
sin, impurity
अप (ápa)
away
स्रिधः (srídhaḥ)
obstacles, opposition
Stanza 8.18.9
शम॒ग्निर॒ग्निभिः॑ कर॒च्छं न॑स्तपतु॒ सूर्यः॑ | शं वातो॑ वात्वर॒पा अप॒ स्रिधः॑ ||
śám agnír agníbhiḥ karac cháṁ nas tapatu sū́ryaḥ śáṁ vā́to vātv arapā́ ápa srídhaḥ
May Agni, with his fires, bring us well-being; may Surya warm us; may Vayu blow favorably, and drive away misfortune and obstacles.
This verse invokes the benevolent forces of Agni (fire god), Surya (sun god), and Vayu (wind god) to bring well-being and prosperity. The prayer asks Agni to bless with his fires, Surya to warm them gently, and Vayu to blow favorably, all while driving away misfortune and obstacles.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. शं अ॒ग्निः अ॒ग्निभिः क॒र śám agníḥ agníbhiḥ karat (8 syllables)
- B. शं नः तपतु सू॒र्यः śám naḥ tapatu sū́ryaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. शं वातो वातु śám vā́taḥ vātu arapā́ḥ (12 syllables)
- D. अप स्रिधः ápa srídhaḥ (2 syllables)
शं (śám)
well-being, peace
अ॒ग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
अ॒ग्निभिः (agníbhiḥ)
with fires
क॒र (karat)
may he do, may he bring
शं (śám)
well-being, peace
नः (naḥ)
to us
तपतु (tapatu)
may he warm
सू॒र्यः (sū́ryaḥ)
Surya (the sun)
शं (śám)
well-being, peace
वातो (vā́taḥ)
Vayu (the wind)
वातु (vātu)
may he blow
(arapā́ḥ)
अप (ápa)
away
स्रिधः (srídhaḥ)
obstacles, opposition
Stanza 8.18.10
अपामी॑वा॒मप॒ स्रिध॒मप॑ सेधत दुर्म॒तिम् | आदि॑त्यासो यु॒योत॑ना नो॒ अंह॑सः ||
ápā́mīvām ápa srídham ápa sedhata durmatím ā́dityāso yuyótanā no áṁhasaḥ
O Adityas, drive away disease, drive away strife, drive away ill-will, and keep us from distress.
This verse is a powerful invocation to the Adityas, asking them to drive away all forms of suffering and negativity. Specifically, it requests them to remove disease ('ámīvām'), strife ('srídham'), and bad intentions or ill-will ('durmatím'), and to keep the supplicants away from all distress ('áṃhasaḥ').
Meter: Ushnih
- A. अ॒प मी॒वाम अ॒प स्रिधं ápa ámīvām ápa srídham (8 syllables)
- B. अ॒प सेधत दु॒र्म॒तिम् ápa sedhata durmatím (8 syllables)
- C. आदि॒त्यासो नः अंह॑सः ā́dityāsaḥ yuyótana + naḥ áṃhasaḥ (12 syllables)
अ॒प (ápa)
away
मी॒वाम (ámīvām)
disease, sickness
अ॒प (ápa)
away
स्रिधं (srídham)
strife, conflict
अ॒प (ápa)
away
सेधत (sedhata)
do you drive away
दु॒र्म॒तिम् (durmatím)
ill-will, bad intention
आदि॒त्यासो (ā́dityāsaḥ)
O Adityas
(yuyótana +)
नः (naḥ)
from us
अंह॑सः (áṃhasaḥ)
from distress, from evil
Stanza 8.18.11
यु॒योता॒ शरु॑म॒स्मदाँ आदि॑त्यास उ॒ताम॑तिम् | ऋध॒ग्द्वेषः॑ कृणुत विश्ववेदसः ||
yuyótā śárum asmád ā́m̐ ā́dityāsa utā́matim ŕ̥dhag dvéṣaḥ kr̥ṇuta viśvavedasaḥ
O Adityas, remove the arrow from us, and famine. O possessors of all wealth, keep enmities away from us.
In this plea to the Adityas, the speaker asks them to remove harmful influences like 'śárum' (an arrow, representing sudden harm) and 'ámatim' (famine, lack of sustenance). The prayer also includes a request to keep away enmities ('dvéṣaḥ'), appealing to the Adityas as possessors of all wealth ('viśvavedasaḥ') to grant this protection.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. शरु॑म अ॒स्मत् आ yuyóta + śárum asmát ā́ (8 syllables)
- B. आदि॑त्यास उ॒त अ॒मतिम् ā́dityāsaḥ utá ámatim (8 syllables)
- C. ऋध॒ग् द्वेषः कृ॒णोत विश्व॒वेदसः ŕ̥dhak dvéṣaḥ kr̥ṇuta viśvavedasaḥ (12 syllables)
(yuyóta +)
शरु॑म (śárum)
arrow, dart
अ॒स्मत् (asmát)
from us
आ (ā́)
away
आदि॑त्यास (ā́dityāsaḥ)
O Adityas
उ॒त (utá)
and
अ॒मतिम् (ámatim)
famine, misfortune
ऋध॒ग् (ŕ̥dhak)
separately, far
द्वेषः (dvéṣaḥ)
enmity, hatred
कृ॒णोत (kr̥ṇuta)
do you make
विश्व॒वेदसः (viśvavedasaḥ)
O possessors of all wealth
Stanza 8.18.12
तत्सु नः॒ शर्म॑ यच्छ॒तादि॑त्या॒ यन्मुमो॑चति | एन॑स्वन्तं चि॒देन॑सः सुदानवः ||
tát sú naḥ śárma yachatā́dityā yán múmocati énasvantaṁ cid énasaḥ sudānavaḥ
Therefore, O Adityas, grant us that protection which liberates from sin; O generous ones, free even the sinful from their sin.
This is a plea to the Adityas to provide a shelter ('śárma') that liberates individuals, even those burdened by sin ('énasvantam'), from their transgressions ('énasaḥ'). The request emphasizes the Adityas' generosity ('sudānavaḥ') and asks them to grant this freedom and protection.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. तत् सु नः शर्म यच्छ॒ता tát sú naḥ śárma yachata (8 syllables)
- B. आदि॒त्या यन् मुमो॑चति ā́dityāḥ yát múmocati (8 syllables)
- C. एन॑स्वन्तं चि एन॑सः सु॒दा॒न॒वः énasvantam cit énasaḥ sudānavaḥ (12 syllables)
तत् (tát)
that
सु (sú)
quickly
नः (naḥ)
to us
शर्म (śárma)
protection, shelter
यच्छ॒ता (yachata)
do you grant
आदि॒त्या (ā́dityāḥ)
O Adityas
यन् (yát)
which
मुमो॑चति (múmocati)
liberates, frees
एन॑स्वन्तं (énasvantam)
the sinful one
चि (cit)
even
एन॑सः (énasaḥ)
from sin
सु॒दा॒न॒वः (sudānavaḥ)
O generous ones
Stanza 8.18.13
यो नः॒ कश्चि॒द्रिरि॑क्षति रक्ष॒स्त्वेन॒ मर्त्यः॑ | स्वैः ष एवै॑ रिरिषीष्ट॒ युर्जनः॑ ||
yó naḥ káś cid rírikṣati rakṣastvéna mártyaḥ svaíḥ ṣá évai ririṣīṣṭa yúr jánaḥ
Whatever mortal, using demonic power, wishes to harm us, may he himself suffer harm by his own impetuous actions.
This verse is a powerful imprecation against any mortal who might try to harm the speaker or their group, using demonic powers ('rakṣastvéna'). It invokes a curse, stating that such a person, driven by impetuousness ('yúḥ'), should suffer harm through their own actions.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. यः नः क चि रि॒रि॒क्षति yáḥ naḥ káḥ cit rírikṣati (8 syllables)
- B. रक्ष॒स्त्वेन मर्त्यः rakṣastvéna mártyaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. सुवैः सः एवै रि॒रि॒षीष्ट युः जनः svaíḥ sáḥ évaiḥ ririṣīṣṭa yúḥ jánaḥ (12 syllables)
यः (yáḥ)
whoever
नः (naḥ)
us
क (káḥ)
any
चि (cit)
indeed
रि॒रि॒क्षति (rírikṣati)
wishes to harm, desires to injure
रक्ष॒स्त्वेन (rakṣastvéna)
by demonic power
मर्त्यः (mártyaḥ)
mortal
सुवैः (svaíḥ)
by his own
सः (sáḥ)
he
एवै (évaiḥ)
by his own
रि॒रि॒षीष्ट (ririṣīṣṭa)
may he suffer harm
युः (yúḥ)
impetuously, forcefully
जनः (jánaḥ)
person, man
Stanza 8.18.14
समित्तम॒घम॑श्नवद्दुः॒शंसं॒ मर्त्यं॑ रि॒पुम् | यो अ॑स्म॒त्रा दु॒र्हणा॑वाँ॒ उप॑ द्व॒युः ||
sám ít tám aghám aśnavad duḥśáṁsam mártyaṁ ripúm yó asmatrā́ durháṇāvām̐ úpa dvayúḥ
May sin overtake that mortal who speaks evil, who is inwardly wicked and acts with malice against us.
This verse invokes a curse upon any mortal who speaks evil or is malicious ('duḥśáṃsam'). It also targets those who are inwardly wicked ('dvayúḥ') and act with ill-intent against the speaker's group. The wish is that sin ('aghám') may overtake them, and that they be caught by their own malicious actions.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. स इत् त अघं अ॒श्न॒वत् sám ít tám aghám aśnavat (8 syllables)
- B. दुः॒शंसं मर्त्यं रिपुं duḥśáṃsam mártyam ripúm (8 syllables)
- C. यः अस्म॒त्रा दु॒र्हणा॑वाँ उप द्व॒युः yáḥ asmatrā́ durháṇāvān úpa dvayúḥ (12 syllables)
स (sám)
fully, completely
इत् (ít)
indeed
त (tám)
him
अघं (aghám)
sin, evil
अ॒श्न॒वत् (aśnavat)
may he reach, may he overtake
दुः॒शंसं (duḥśáṃsam)
evil-speaking
मर्त्यं (mártyam)
mortal
रिपुं (ripúm)
enemy
यः (yáḥ)
who
अस्म॒त्रा (asmatrā́)
against us
दु॒र्हणा॑वाँ (durháṇāvān)
acting with malice, ill-disposed
उप (úpa)
towards
द्व॒युः (dvayúḥ)
inwardly wicked, deceitful
Stanza 8.18.15
पा॒क॒त्रा स्थ॑न देवा हृ॒त्सु जा॑नीथ॒ मर्त्य॑म् | उप॑ द्व॒युं चाद्व॑युं च वसवः ||
pākatrā́ sthana devā hr̥tsú jānītha mártyam úpa dvayúṁ cā́dvayuṁ ca vasavaḥ
O Gods, you are with the simple ones, and in your hearts you know the mortal. You Vasus, distinguish the wicked from the virtuous.
This verse addresses the gods, specifically the Vasus, acknowledging their presence with the simple ('pākatrā́') and their ability to discern ('jānītha') the true nature of mortals in their hearts. It highlights their wisdom in distinguishing between the malicious ('dvayúm') and the benevolent ('ádvayum'), implying they can judge intentions.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. पा॒क॒त्रा दे॒वा pākatrā́ sthana devāḥ (7 syllables)
- B. हृ॒त्सु जा॒नी॒थ मर्त्यं hr̥tsú jānītha mártyam (8 syllables)
- C. उप द्व॒युं च अ॒द्व॒युं च व॒स॒वः úpa dvayúm ca ádvayum ca vasavaḥ (12 syllables)
पा॒क॒त्रा (pākatrā́)
among the simple
(sthana)
दे॒वा (devāḥ)
O Gods
हृ॒त्सु (hr̥tsú)
in the hearts
जा॒नी॒थ (jānītha)
you know
मर्त्यं (mártyam)
mortal
उप (úpa)
towards
द्व॒युं (dvayúm)
the wicked, the deceitful
च (ca)
and
अ॒द्व॒युं (ádvayum)
the virtuous, the sincere
च (ca)
and
व॒स॒वः (vasavaḥ)
O Vasus
Stanza 8.18.16
आ शर्म॒ पर्व॑ताना॒मोतापां वृ॑णीमहे | द्यावा॑क्षामा॒रे अ॒स्मद्रप॑स्कृतम् ||
ā́ śárma párvatānām ótā́pā́ṁ vr̥ṇīmahe dyā́vākṣāmāré asmád rápas kr̥tam
We seek the shelter of mountains and waters; O Heaven and Earth, keep evil far from us and remove all impurity.
The poet expresses a strong desire for the protective shelter ('śárma') of mountains and waters, invoking Heaven and Earth ('dyā́vākṣāmā') to keep away all evil and iniquity ('rápaḥ') from them. The stanza implies that mountains and waters provide natural protection, and the gods can be asked to remove what is harmful.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. आ शर्म पर्व॑ताना ā́ śárma párvatānām (8 syllables)
- B. आ उ॒त अ॒पां वृ॒णी॒म॒हे ā́ utá apā́m vr̥ṇīmahe (8 syllables)
- C. द्यावा॑क्षामा आ॒रे अ॒स्मत् रपः कृ॒तम् dyā́vākṣāmā āré asmát rápaḥ kr̥tam (12 syllables)
आ (ā́)
and
शर्म (śárma)
shelter, protection
पर्व॑ताना (párvatānām)
of mountains
आ (ā́)
and
उ॒त (utá)
and
अ॒पां (apā́m)
of waters
वृ॒णी॒म॒हे (vr̥ṇīmahe)
we choose, we seek
द्यावा॑क्षामा (dyā́vākṣāmā)
O Heaven and Earth
आ॒रे (āré)
far away
अ॒स्मत् (asmát)
from us
रपः (rápaḥ)
evil, impurity
कृ॒तम् (kr̥tam)
make, do
Stanza 8.18.17
ते नो॑ भ॒द्रेण॒ शर्म॑णा यु॒ष्माकं॑ ना॒वा व॑सवः | अति॒ विश्वा॑नि दुरि॒ता पि॑पर्तन ||
té no bhadréṇa śármaṇā yuṣmā́kaṁ nāvā́ vasavaḥ áti víśvāni duritā́ pipartana
Therefore, O Vasus, with auspicious protection, carry us in your ship across all troubles.
This verse is an appeal to the Vasus, asking them to carry the supplicants across all difficulties ('duritā́') using their ship ('nāvā́') and providing auspicious shelter ('bhadréṇa śármaṇā'). The request is for divine assistance in overcoming troubles and reaching a state of safety and well-being.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. ते नो भ॒द्रेण शर्म॑णा té naḥ bhadréṇa śármaṇā (8 syllables)
- B. यु॒ष्माकं ना॒वा व॒स॒वः yuṣmā́kam nāvā́ vasavaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. अति विश्वा दु॒रि॒ता पि॒प॒र्त॒न áti víśvāni duritā́ pipartana (12 syllables)
ते (té)
they
नो (naḥ)
us
भ॒द्रेण (bhadréṇa)
with auspicious
शर्म॑णा (śármaṇā)
with protection
यु॒ष्माकं (yuṣmā́kam)
your
ना॒वा (nāvā́)
in the ship
व॒स॒वः (vasavaḥ)
O Vasus
अति (áti)
beyond
विश्वा (víśvāni)
all
दु॒रि॒ता (duritā́)
troubles, difficulties
पि॒प॒र्त॒न (pipartana)
do you carry across
Stanza 8.18.18
तु॒चे तना॑य॒ तत्सु नो॒ द्राघी॑य॒ आयु॑र्जी॒वसे॑ | आदि॑त्यासः सुमहसः कृ॒णोत॑न ||
tucé tánāya tát sú no drā́ghīya ā́yur jīváse ā́dityāsaḥ sumahasaḥ kr̥ṇótana
O most mighty Adityas, grant to our children and their descendants a very long life for them to live.
This verse is a fervent prayer to the Adityas, addressed as 'most mighty ones' ('sumahasah'), to grant a long life ('drāghīyaḥ āyuḥ') for survival ('jīvase') to the speaker's children ('tucé tanāya'). The request is for them to extend life, enabling continued existence and well-being.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. तु॒चे तना॑य तत् सु नः tucé tánāya tát sú naḥ (8 syllables)
- B. द्रा॒घी॒यः आयुः जी॒वसे drā́ghīyaḥ ā́yuḥ jīváse (8 syllables)
- C. आदि॑त्यासः कृ॒णोत॑न ā́dityāsaḥ sumahasaḥ kr̥ṇótana (12 syllables)
तु॒चे (tucé)
for the child
तना॑य (tánāya)
for the descendant
तत् (tát)
that
सु (sú)
well, indeed
नः (naḥ)
for us
द्रा॒घी॒यः (drā́ghīyaḥ)
very long
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
जी॒वसे (jīváse)
for living
आदि॑त्यासः (ā́dityāsaḥ)
O Adityas
(sumahasaḥ)
कृ॒णोत॑न (kr̥ṇótana)
do you make
Stanza 8.18.19
य॒ज्ञो ही॒ळो वो॒ अन्त॑र॒ आदि॑त्या॒ अस्ति॑ मृ॒ळत॑ | यु॒ष्मे इद्वो॒ अपि॑ ष्मसि सजा॒त्ये॑ ||
yajñó hīḷó vo ántara ā́dityā ásti mr̥ḷáta yuṣmé íd vo ápi ṣmasi sajātyè
Sacrifice is your inner guide, O Adityas; be kind, for we are bound to you by kinship.
This verse highlights the intimate connection between the speaker and the Adityas, stating that sacrifice ('yajñáḥ') serves as their inner guide. The speaker implores the Adityas to be kind ('mr̥ḷáta'), emphasizing their shared kinship ('sajātye'), which binds them together. The understanding is that due to this close relationship, the Adityas should be benevolent.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. य॒ज्ञो ही॒ळो वो अन्त॑र yajñáḥ hīḷáḥ vaḥ ántaraḥ (8 syllables)
- B. आदि॒त्या अस्ति मृ॒ळत ā́dityāḥ ásti mr̥ḷáta (9 syllables)
- C. यु॒ष्मे इत् वो अ॒पि स्मसि सजा॒त्ये yuṣmé ít vaḥ ápi smasi sajātyè (12 syllables)
य॒ज्ञो (yajñáḥ)
sacrifice
ही॒ळो (hīḷáḥ)
inner guide, admonition
वो (vaḥ)
to you
अन्त॑र (ántaraḥ)
inner
आदि॒त्या (ā́dityāḥ)
O Adityas
अस्ति (ásti)
is
मृ॒ळत (mr̥ḷáta)
be kind, be gracious
यु॒ष्मे (yuṣmé)
to you
इत् (ít)
indeed
वो (vaḥ)
to you
अ॒पि (ápi)
also
स्मसि (smasi)
we are
सजा॒त्ये (sajātyè)
in kinship, in community
Stanza 8.18.20
बृ॒हद्वरू॑थं म॒रुतां॑ दे॒वं त्रा॒तार॑म॒श्विना॑ | मि॒त्रमी॑महे॒ वरु॑णं स्व॒स्तये॑ ||
br̥hád várūtham marútāṁ deváṁ trātā́ram aśvínā mitrám īmahe váruṇaṁ svastáye
We invoke the Maruts' great protection, the Ashvins, the divine savior, Mitra, and Varuna for our well-being.
This verse invokes several powerful deities for protection and well-being: the Maruts (storm gods), the Ashvins (divine physicians), Mitra (friendship), and Varuna (cosmic order). The prayer asks for their strong protective aid ('br̥hát várūtham') and for them to be saviors ('trātā́ram'), ensuring welfare ('svastáye').
Meter: Ushnih
- A. बृ॒हत् व॒रू॒थं म॒रु॒तां br̥hát várūtham marútām (8 syllables)
- B. दे॒वं त्रा॒तार॑म अ॒श्विना devám trātā́ram aśvínā (8 syllables)
- C. मि॒त्र ईमहे व॒रु॒णं स्व॒स्तये mitrám īmahe váruṇam svastáye (12 syllables)
बृ॒हत् (br̥hát)
great, vast
व॒रू॒थं (várūtham)
protection, refuge
म॒रु॒तां (marútām)
of the Maruts
दे॒वं (devám)
divine
त्रा॒तार॑म (trātā́ram)
savior, protector
अ॒श्विना (aśvínā)
O Ashvins
मि॒त्र (mitrám)
Mitra
ईमहे (īmahe)
we invoke, we seek
व॒रु॒णं (váruṇam)
Varuna
स्व॒स्तये (svastáye)
for well-being, for safety
Stanza 8.18.21
अ॒ने॒हो मि॑त्रार्यमन्नृ॒वद्व॑रुण॒ शंस्य॑म् | त्रि॒वरू॑थं मरुतो यन्त नश्छ॒र्दिः ||
anehó mitrāryaman nr̥vád varuṇa śáṁsyam trivárūtham maruto yanta naś chardíḥ
O Mitra, Aryaman, O Varuna, bring to us an unharmed, praiseworthy dwelling with triple protection, O Maruts.
This verse is a prayer to Mitra, Aryaman, Varuna, and the Maruts. The supplicant asks them to provide a secure dwelling ('chardíḥ') that is safe ('aneháḥ', 'nr̥vát'), praiseworthy ('śáṃsyam'), and well-protected ('trivárūtham'). The request is for these deities to bring forth this desirable refuge.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. अ॒ने॒हो मि॒त्र आ॒र्य॒म॒न aneháḥ mitra aryaman (8 syllables)
- B. वृ॒द्वत् व॒रु॒ण शंस्यं nr̥vát varuṇa śáṃsyam (8 syllables)
- C. त्रि॒वरू॑थं म॒रु॒तः य॒न्त नः छ॒र्दिः trivárūtham marutaḥ yanta naḥ chardíḥ (12 syllables)
अ॒ने॒हो (aneháḥ)
unharmed, unassailable
मि॒त्र (mitra)
O Mitra
आ॒र्य॒म॒न (aryaman)
O Aryaman
वृ॒द्वत् (nr̥vát)
protected by men, strong
व॒रु॒ण (varuṇa)
O Varuna
शंस्यं (śáṃsyam)
praiseworthy, desirable
त्रि॒वरू॑थं (trivárūtham)
with triple protection
म॒रु॒तः (marutaḥ)
O Maruts
य॒न्त (yanta)
do you bring
नः (naḥ)
to us
छ॒र्दिः (chardíḥ)
shelter, dwelling
Stanza 8.18.22
ये चि॒द्धि मृ॒त्युब॑न्धव॒ आदि॑त्या॒ मन॑वः॒ स्मसि॑ | प्र सू न॒ आयु॑र्जी॒वसे॑ तिरेतन ||
yé cid dhí mr̥tyúbandhava ā́dityā mánavaḥ smási prá sū́ na ā́yur jīváse tiretana
O Adityas, as we humans are bound by mortality, please lengthen our lives for us to live.
This verse acknowledges the human condition of being bound by mortality ('mr̥tyúbandhavaḥ') and addresses the Adityas. The speaker asks the Adityas, who are their kin ('sajātye' implied), to extend their lives ('āyuḥ jīvase') and help them live longer, implying a plea for divine intervention against the limits of death.
Meter: Ushnih
- A. ये चि हि मृ॒त्युब॑न्धव yé cit hí mr̥tyúbandhavaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. आदि॒त्या मन॑वः स्मसि ā́dityāḥ mánavaḥ smási (8 syllables)
- C. प्र नः आयुः जी॒वसे ति॒रे॒त॒न prá sú + naḥ ā́yuḥ jīváse tiretana (12 syllables)
ये (yé)
who
चि (cit)
indeed
हि (hí)
indeed
मृ॒त्युब॑न्धव (mr̥tyúbandhavaḥ)
bound by death, mortal
आदि॒त्या (ā́dityāḥ)
O Adityas
मन॑वः (mánavaḥ)
humans
स्मसि (smási)
we are
प्र (prá)
forward
(sú +)
नः (naḥ)
our
आयुः (ā́yuḥ)
life
जी॒वसे (jīváse)
for living
ति॒रे॒त॒न (tiretana)
do you extend