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Stanza 7.87.1
रद॑त्प॒थो वरु॑णः॒ सूर्या॑य॒ प्रार्णां॑सि समु॒द्रिया॑ न॒दीना॑म् | सर्गो॒ न सृ॒ष्टो अर्व॑तीर्ऋता॒यञ्च॒कार॑ म॒हीर॒वनी॒रह॑भ्यः ||
rádat pathó váruṇaḥ sū́ryāya prā́rṇāṁsi samudríyā nadī́nām sárgo ná sr̥ṣṭó árvatīr r̥tāyáñ cakā́ra mahī́r avánīr áhabhyaḥ
Varuṇa carved out a path for the sun, and guided the ocean's flowing waters of the rivers. Like a well-ordered race, the mares ran. He made great channels for the days to come.
Varuṇa, the cosmic guardian, is depicted as actively shaping the universe. He creates a path for the sun (Sūrya) to travel and directs the flow of rivers and waters. This act of ordering the waters and preparing channels is compared to swift mares running in a race, suggesting controlled and purposeful movement, all for the sake of maintaining cosmic order (Ṛta).
Meter: Tristubh
- A. रद॑त् प॒थो व॒रु॑णः सूर्या॑य rádat patháḥ váruṇaḥ sū́ryāya (11 syllables)
- B. प्रार्णां॑सि समु॒ द्रिया॑ न॒दीना॑म् prá árṇāṃsi samudríyā nadī́nām (11 syllables)
- C. सर्गो न सृ॒ष्टो अर्व॑तीर् ऋता॒यञ्च् sárgaḥ ná sr̥ṣṭáḥ árvatīḥ r̥tāyán (11 syllables)
- D. चकार म॒हीर अवनी॒रह॑भ्यः भ्यः cakā́ra mahī́ḥ avánīḥ áhabhyaḥ (11 syllables)
रद॑त् (rádat)
carved out
प॒थो (patháḥ)
paths
व॒रु॑णः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuṇa
सूर्या॑य (sū́ryāya)
for the sun
प्रार्णां॑सि (prá)
forth
समु॒ (árṇāṃsi)
waters
द्रिया॑ (samudríyā)
oceanic
न॒दीना॑म् (nadī́nām)
of the rivers
सर्गो (sárgaḥ)
order/progress
न (ná)
like
सृ॒ष्टो (sr̥ṣṭáḥ)
well-ordered
अर्व॑तीर् (árvatīḥ)
mares (swift runners)
ऋता॒यञ्च् (r̥tāyán)
promoting cosmic order
चकार (cakā́ra)
made
म॒हीर (mahī́ḥ)
great
अवनी॒रह॑भ्यः (avánīḥ)
channels/courses
भ्यः (áhabhyaḥ)
for the days
Stanza 7.87.2
आ॒त्मा ते॒ वातो॒ रज॒ आ न॑वीनोत्प॒शुर्न भूर्णि॒र्यव॑से सस॒वान् | अ॒न्तर्म॒ही बृ॑ह॒ती रोद॑सी॒मे विश्वा॑ ते॒ धाम॑ वरुण प्रि॒याणि॑ ||
ātmā́ te vā́to rája ā́ navīnot paśúr ná bhū́rṇir yávase sasavā́n antár mahī́ br̥hatī́ ródasīmé víśvā te dhā́ma varuṇa priyā́ṇi
Your spirit is the wind that roams the sky, like a beast seeking food in the pasture. Within these great, expansive earth and sky, O Varuṇa, are all your cherished places.
The hymn describes the pervasive presence and power of Varuṇa. His essence is compared to the wind moving through the sky, like a powerful beast searching for food. This cosmic wind encompasses the vast expanse of the heavens and earth. Varuṇa is said to dwell within these two realms, surrounded by his beloved forms and manifestations.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ॒त्मा वरु॑ण वातो रज आ नवीनोत् ātmā́ te vā́taḥ rájaḥ ā́ navīnot (11 syllables)
- B. प॒शुर्न भूर्णि॒ यव॑से सस॒वान् अ॒न्तर्म॒ही paśúḥ ná bhū́rṇiḥ yávase sasavā́n (11 syllables)
- C. बृ॒ह॒ती रोद॑सी इमे विश्वा॑ ते antár mahī́ br̥hatī́ ródasī imé (11 syllables)
- D. धाम वरु॑ण प्रिय प्रि यानि víśvā te dhā́ma varuṇa priyā́ṇi (11 syllables)
आ॒त्मा (ātmā́)
spirit/essence
वरु॑ण (te)
your
वातो (vā́taḥ)
wind
रज (rájaḥ)
sky/atmosphere
आ (ā́)
through
नवीनोत् (navīnot)
moves restlessly/swiftly
प॒शुर्न (paśúḥ)
animal
भूर्णि॒ (ná)
like
यव॑से (bhū́rṇiḥ)
powerful/roaming
सस॒वान् (yávase)
in pasture
अ॒न्तर्म॒ही (sasavā́n)
having moved/raced
बृ॒ह॒ती (antár)
within
रोद॑सी (mahī́)
great
इमे (br̥hatī́)
vast/expansive
विश्वा॑ (ródasī)
earth and sky (dual)
ते (imé)
these
धाम (víśvā)
all
वरु॑ण (te)
your
प्रिय (dhā́ma)
abodes/forms
प्रि (varuṇa)
O Varuṇa
यानि (priyā́ṇi)
beloved
Stanza 7.87.3
परि॒ स्पशो॒ वरु॑णस्य॒ स्मदि॑ष्टा उ॒भे प॑श्यन्ति॒ रोद॑सी सु॒मेके॑ | ऋ॒तावा॑नः क॒वयो॑ य॒ज्ञधी॑राः॒ प्रचे॑तसो॒ य इ॒षय॑न्त॒ मन्म॑ ||
pári spáśo váruṇasya smádiṣṭā ubhé paśyanti ródasī suméke r̥tā́vānaḥ kaváyo yajñádhīrāḥ prácetaso yá iṣáyanta mánma
Varuṇa's observers, sent out, keenly watch both worlds, the well-formed earth and sky. The wise, pure, ritual-skilled poets, advancing the praises, see all.
Varuṇa's divine agents, described as 'spies', are constantly observing the world. They survey the entire cosmos, encompassing both the earth and sky, noting their perfect formation. These agents are characterized as wise, pure, skilled in rituals, and instrumental in advancing the hymns and praises offered by the devout.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. परि स्पशो वरु॑णस्य स्मदि॑ष्टा pári spáśaḥ váruṇasya smádiṣṭāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. उ॒भे पश्यन्ति रोद॑सी सु॒मेके॑ ubhé paśyanti ródasī suméke (11 syllables)
- C. ऋ॒तावा॑नः क॒वयो॑ य॒ज्ञधी॑राः r̥tā́vānaḥ kaváyaḥ yajñádhīrāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. प्रचे॑तसो य इ॒षय॑न्त म॒न्म prácetasaḥ yé iṣáyanta mánma (11 syllables)
परि (pári)
around/pervading
स्पशो (spáśaḥ)
spies/observers
वरु॑णस्य (váruṇasya)
of Varuṇa
स्मदि॑ष्टा (smádiṣṭāḥ)
sent forth/dispatched
उ॒भे (ubhé)
both
पश्यन्ति (paśyanti)
see/observe
रोद॑सी (ródasī)
earth and sky (dual)
सु॒मेके॑ (suméke)
well-formed/fashioned
ऋ॒तावा॑नः (r̥tā́vānaḥ)
upholders of cosmic order
क॒वयो॑ (kaváyaḥ)
poets/seers
य॒ज्ञधी॑राः (yajñádhīrāḥ)
firm in sacrifice
प्रचे॑तसो (prácetasaḥ)
intelligent/wise
य (yé)
who
इ॒षय॑न्त (iṣáyanta)
advancing/furthering
म॒न्म (mánma)
praise/thought
Stanza 7.87.4
उ॒वाच॑ मे॒ वरु॑णो॒ मेधि॑राय॒ त्रिः स॒प्त नामाघ्न्या॑ बिभर्ति | वि॒द्वान्प॒दस्य॒ गुह्या॒ न वो॑चद्यु॒गाय॒ विप्र॒ उप॑राय॒ शिक्ष॑न् ||
uvā́ca me váruṇo médhirāya tríḥ saptá nā́mā́ghnyā bibharti vidvā́n padásya gúhyā ná vocad yugā́ya vípra úparāya śíkṣan
Varuṇa spoke to me, the wise one, saying: The unslayable cow bears three times seven names. Knowing the hidden meanings of the places, the wise one, the poet, did not speak them to this generation, but for the one to come.
Varuṇa communicates divine knowledge, specifically a set of three times seven names associated with the cow (Agnyā, meaning 'unslayable'), to the intelligent (medhirāya). The wise Varuṇa understands the profound secrets of existence and chooses not to reveal them to every generation, but rather to impart wisdom to the 'descendants' or the next stage of humanity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उ॒वाच॑ मे वरु॑णो मेधि॑राय uvā́ca me váruṇaḥ médhirāya (11 syllables)
- B. त्रिः स॒प्त नामाघ्न्या॑ बिभ॑र्ति वि॒द्वान्प trís saptá nā́ma ághnyā bibharti (11 syllables)
- C. दस्य गुह्या न वोचद्यु गाय vidvā́n padásya gúhyā ná vocat (11 syllables)
- D. विप्र उप॑राय शिक्ष॑न् yugā́ya vípraḥ úparāya śíkṣan (11 syllables)
उ॒वाच॑ (uvā́ca)
spoke
मे (me)
to me
वरु॑णो (váruṇaḥ)
Varuṇa
मेधि॑राय (médhirāya)
to the intelligent one
त्रिः (trís)
thrice
स॒प्त (saptá)
seven
नामाघ्न्या॑ (nā́ma)
names
बिभ॑र्ति (ághnyā)
the unslayable (cow)
वि॒द्वान्प (bibharti)
bears/holds
दस्य (vidvā́n)
knowing
गुह्या (padásya)
of the place/footstep
न (gúhyā)
hidden/secret
वोचद्यु (ná)
not
गाय (vocat)
did speak
विप्र (yugā́ya)
for the generation/age
उप॑राय (vípraḥ)
the poet/wise one
शिक्ष॑न् (úparāya)
for the one following
(śíkṣan)
teaching/instructing
Stanza 7.87.5
ति॒स्रो द्यावो॒ निहि॑ता अ॒न्तर॑स्मिन्ति॒स्रो भूमी॒रुप॑राः॒ षड्वि॑धानाः | गृत्सो॒ राजा॒ वरु॑णश्चक्र ए॒तं दि॒वि प्रे॒ङ्खं हि॑र॒ण्ययं॑ शु॒भे कम् ||
tisró dyā́vo níhitā antár asmin tisró bhū́mīr úparāḥ ṣáḍvidhānāḥ gŕ̥tso rā́jā váruṇaś cakra etáṁ diví preṅkháṁ hiraṇyáyaṁ śubhé kám
Three heavens are placed within, and three upper earths are arranged in six divisions. The wise King Varuṇa created this golden swing in the sky, adorned with glory.
This verse describes the structure of the cosmos as created by Varuṇa, who is also referred to as the 'wise king'. Three heavens are placed within, and three earths are arranged above them in a six-fold order. Varuṇa has created a golden, radiant 'swing' or perhaps a celestial chariot in the sky, which is adorned with glory.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ति॒स्रो द्यावो निहि॑ता अ॒न्तर॑स्मि न्ति tisráḥ dyā́vaḥ níhitāḥ antár asmin (11 syllables)
- B. ति॒स्रो भूमी॒रुप॑राः षड्वि॑धानाः गृत्सो tisráḥ bhū́mīḥ úparāḥ ṣáḍvidhānāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. राजा वरु॑णश्चक्र ए॒तं दि प्रे॒ङ्खं gŕ̥tsaḥ rā́jā váruṇaḥ cakre etám (11 syllables)
- D. हि॒ र॒ण्ययं॑ शु॒भे कम् diví preṅkhám hiraṇyáyam śubhé kám (11 syllables)
ति॒स्रो (tisráḥ)
three
द्यावो (dyā́vaḥ)
heavens
निहि॑ता (níhitāḥ)
placed/set
अ॒न्तर॑स्मि (antár)
within
न्ति (asmin)
in this
ति॒स्रो (tisráḥ)
three
भूमी॒रुप॑राः (bhū́mīḥ)
earths
षड्वि॑धानाः (úparāḥ)
upper/higher
गृत्सो (ṣáḍvidhānāḥ)
six-fold/in six arrangements
राजा (gŕ̥tsaḥ)
wise/intelligent
वरु॑णश्चक्र (rā́jā)
king
ए॒तं (váruṇaḥ)
Varuṇa
दि (cakre)
created/made
प्रे॒ङ्खं (etám)
this
हि॒ (diví)
in the sky/heaven
र॒ण्ययं॑ (preṅkhám)
swing/rocking seat
शु॒भे (hiraṇyáyam)
golden
कम् (śubhé)
for glory/splendor
(kám)
indeed
Stanza 7.87.6
अव॒ सिन्धुं॒ वरु॑णो॒ द्यौरि॑व स्थाद्द्र॒प्सो न श्वे॒तो मृ॒गस्तुवि॑ष्मान् | ग॒म्भी॒रशं॑सो॒ रज॑सो वि॒मानः॑ सुपा॒रक्ष॑त्रः स॒तो अ॒स्य राजा॑ ||
áva síndhuṁ váruṇo dyaúr iva sthād drapsó ná śvetó mr̥gás túviṣmān gambhīráśaṁso rájaso vimā́naḥ supārákṣatraḥ sató asyá rā́jā
Like Varuṇa from heaven, may he descend into the river, like a bright drop, a strong wild creature. He is the measurer of the sky's expanse, possessing great saving power, the king of existence.
The verse compares Varuṇa to a powerful, shining drop of light or a swift, strong wild animal descending into the great river (Sindhu). He is described as having deep wisdom, controlling the sky (rajasaḥ), measuring its expanse, and possessing great power for salvation and kingship over existence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अव सिन्धुं व॒रु॑णो द्यौरि॑व स्थाद्द्र प्सो áva síndhum váruṇaḥ dyaúḥ iva sthāt (11 syllables)
- B. न श्वे॒ तो मृ॒गस्तुवि॑ष्मान् ग॒म्भी drapsáḥ ná śvetáḥ mr̥gáḥ túviṣmān (10 syllables)
- C. रशं॑सो वि॒मानः॑ सुपा॒रक्ष॑त्रः gambhīráśaṃsaḥ rájasaḥ vimā́naḥ (11 syllables)
- D. स तो अस्य राजा supārákṣatraḥ satáḥ asyá rā́jā (11 syllables)
अव (áva)
down
सिन्धुं (síndhum)
river/ocean
व॒रु॑णो (váruṇaḥ)
Varuṇa
द्यौरि॑व (dyaúḥ)
heaven
स्थाद्द्र (iva)
like
प्सो (sthāt)
may stand/descend
न (drapsáḥ)
drop (of light)
श्वे॒ (ná)
like
तो (śvetáḥ)
white/bright
मृ॒गस्तुवि॑ष्मान् (mr̥gáḥ)
wild creature
ग॒म्भी (túviṣmān)
powerful/strong
रशं॑सो (gambhīráśaṃsaḥ)
of deep pronouncement/wisdom
वि॒मानः॑ (rájasaḥ)
of the sky/atmosphere
सुपा॒रक्ष॑त्रः (vimā́naḥ)
measurer/divider
स (supārákṣatraḥ)
possessing great saving power
तो (satáḥ)
being/existing
अस्य (asyá)
of this
राजा (rā́jā)
king
Stanza 7.87.7
यो मृ॒ळया॑ति च॒क्रुषे॑ चि॒दागो॑ व॒यं स्या॑म॒ वरु॑णे॒ अना॑गाः | अनु॑ व्र॒तान्यदि॑तेर्ऋ॒धन्तो॑ यू॒यं पा॑त स्व॒स्तिभिः॒ सदा॑ नः ||
yó mr̥ḷáyāti cakrúṣe cid ā́go vayáṁ syāma váruṇe ánāgāḥ ánu vratā́ny áditer r̥dhánto yūyám pāta svastíbhiḥ sádā naḥ
May we be sinless before Varuṇa, him who forgives even the sinner. As we follow Aditi's divine laws and grow, O you gods, protect us always with well-being.
This verse is a prayer for protection and righteousness. The speaker wishes to be sinless in Varuṇa's presence, even if they have committed unintentional faults. They express their desire to follow the ordinances of Aditi (the mother of the gods, representing boundlessness) and grow in adherence to them. The prayer concludes by asking the gods to protect them always with well-being.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. यो मृ॒ळया॑ति च॒क्रुषे॑ चिदागो॑ व॒यं yáḥ mr̥ḷáyāti cakrúṣe cit ā́gaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. स्या म वरु॑णे अना॑गाः vayám syāma váruṇe ánāgāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अनु व्र॒तान्यदि॑तेर् ऋ॒धन्तो॑ यू॒यं ánu vratā́ni áditeḥ r̥dhántaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. पा त स्व॒स्तिभिः सदा नः yūyám pāta svastíbhiḥ sádā naḥ (11 syllables)
यो (yáḥ)
who
मृ॒ळया॑ति (mr̥ḷáyāti)
shows mercy/favors
च॒क्रुषे॑ (cakrúṣe)
to the doer/sinner
चिदागो॑ (cit)
even
व॒यं (ā́gaḥ)
fault/sin
स्या (vayám)
we
म (syāma)
may we be
वरु॑णे (váruṇe)
in Varuṇa's presence
अना॑गाः (ánāgāḥ)
sinless
अनु (ánu)
following
व्र॒तान्यदि॑तेर् (vratā́ni)
vows/ordinances
ऋ॒धन्तो॑ (áditeḥ)
of Aditi
यू॒यं (r̥dhántaḥ)
advancing/prospering
पा (yūyám)
you (gods)
त (pāta)
protect
स्व॒स्तिभिः (svastíbhiḥ)
with well-being/blessings
सदा (sádā)
always
नः (naḥ)
us