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Stanza 5.63.1
ऋत॑स्य गोपा॒वधि॑ तिष्ठथो॒ रथं॒ सत्य॑धर्माणा पर॒मे व्यो॑मनि | यमत्र॑ मित्रावरु॒णाव॑थो यु॒वं तस्मै॑ वृ॒ष्टिर्मधु॑मत्पिन्वते दि॒वः ||
ŕ̥tasya gopāv ádhi tiṣṭhatho ráthaṁ sátyadharmāṇā paramé vyòmani yám átra mitrāvaruṇā́vatho yuváṁ tásmai vr̥ṣṭír mádhumat pinvate diváḥ
O guardians of cosmic order, whose laws are true, you ascend your chariot in the highest heaven. Mitra and Varuna, you who protect us, for whomever you show favor, for him the rain pours down with sweetness from the sky.
This verse addresses Mitra and Varuna, depicted as guardians of cosmic order (Ṛta). They are described as ascending their chariot in the highest realm of the sky. The stanza highlights their role in bestowing blessings, specifically that if they favor someone, rain with sweetness flows from the heavens to that person.
Meter: Jagati
- A. ऋतस्य गोपाव अधि तिष्ठथो रथं ŕ̥tasya gopau ádhi tiṣṭhathaḥ rátham (12 syllables)
- B. सत्यधर्माणा परमे व्योमन sátyadharmāṇā paramé vyòmani (12 syllables)
- C. यम् अत्र मित्रावरुणा अवथो युवं yám átra mitrāvaruṇā ávathaḥ yuvám (12 syllables)
- D. तस्मै वृष्टिर्म मधुमत पिन्वते दिवः tásmai vr̥ṣṭíḥ mádhumat pinvate diváḥ (12 syllables)
ऋतस्य (ŕ̥tasya)
of the cosmic order
गोपाव (gopau)
O guardians (dual)
अधि (ádhi)
upon
तिष्ठथो (tiṣṭhathaḥ)
you (dual) stand
रथं (rátham)
chariot
सत्यधर्माणा (sátyadharmāṇā)
whose nature is truth (dual)
परमे (paramé)
in the highest
व्योमन (vyòmani)
in the sky
यम् (yám)
whom
अत्र (átra)
here
मित्रावरुणा (mitrāvaruṇā)
O Mitra and Varuna
अवथो (ávathaḥ)
you (dual) protect
युवं (yuvám)
you (dual)
तस्मै (tásmai)
for him
वृष्टिर्म (vr̥ṣṭíḥ)
rain
मधुमत (mádhumat)
sweet
पिन्वते (pinvate)
pours forth
दिवः (diváḥ)
from the sky
Stanza 5.63.2
स॒म्राजा॑व॒स्य भुव॑नस्य राजथो॒ मित्रा॑वरुणा वि॒दथे॑ स्व॒र्दृशा॑ | वृ॒ष्टिं वां॒ राधो॑ अमृत॒त्वमी॑महे॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी वि च॑रन्ति त॒न्यवः॑ ||
samrā́jāv asyá bhúvanasya rājatho mítrāvaruṇā vidáthe svardŕ̥śā vr̥ṣṭíṁ vāṁ rā́dho amr̥tatvám īmahe dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ ví caranti tanyávaḥ
O Mitra and Varuna, you rule this world like imperial kings in assembly, with sight that sees light. We ask for your rain and your boon of immortality. The thunderous clouds move across the sky and the earth.
This verse continues to address Mitra and Varuna, calling them the supreme rulers of this world, who preside over all within it. They are praised for their vision that penetrates even darkness. The hymn invokes them, asking for their rain and immortality, while noting that the thunderous clouds move across the sky and earth.
Meter: Jagati
- A. सम्राजाव अस्य भुवनस्य राजथो samrā́jau asyá bhúvanasya rājathaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. मित्रावरुणा विदथे स्वर्दृशा mítrāvaruṇā vidáthe svardŕ̥śā (12 syllables)
- C. वृष्टिं वां राघो अमृतत्वमी महे vr̥ṣṭím vām rā́dhaḥ amr̥tatvám īmahe (12 syllables)
- D. द्यावापृथि वि चरन्ति तन्यवः dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ ví caranti tanyávaḥ (12 syllables)
सम्राजाव (samrā́jau)
O supreme rulers (dual)
अस्य (asyá)
of this
भुवनस्य (bhúvanasya)
of the world
राजथो (rājathaḥ)
you (dual) rule
मित्रावरुणा (mítrāvaruṇā)
O Mitra and Varuna
विदथे (vidáthe)
in assembly/gathering
स्वर्दृशा (svardŕ̥śā)
seeing the light (dual)
वृष्टिं (vr̥ṣṭím)
rain
वां (vām)
your (dual)
राघो (rā́dhaḥ)
boon/gift
अमृतत्वमी (amr̥tatvám)
immortality
महे (īmahe)
we ask for
द्यावापृथि (dyā́vāpr̥thivī́)
heaven and earth
वि (ví)
through/across
चरन्ति (caranti)
move
तन्यवः (tanyávaḥ)
thunderers (clouds)
Stanza 5.63.3
स॒म्राजा॑ उ॒ग्रा वृ॑ष॒भा दि॒वस्पती॑ पृथि॒व्या मि॒त्रावरु॑णा॒ विच॑र्षणी | चि॒त्रेभि॑र॒भ्रैरुप॑ तिष्ठथो॒ रवं॒ द्यां व॑र्षयथो॒ असु॑रस्य मा॒यया॑ ||
samrā́jā ugrā́ vr̥ṣabhā́ divás pátī pr̥thivyā́ mitrā́váruṇā vícarṣaṇī citrébhir abhraír úpa tiṣṭhatho rávaṁ dyā́ṁ varṣayatho ásurasya māyáyā
O supreme rulers, mighty heroes, lords of heaven and earth, O Mitra and Varuna, you who are watchful everywhere, you wait with colorful clouds and, by the Asura's magical power, make the sky rain.
Mitra and Varuna are again addressed as supreme rulers, described as mighty and heroic, the lords of heaven and earth. They are depicted as actively engaged, waiting with colorful clouds and using the power of the 'Asura' (divine power) to make the sky rain.
Meter: Jagati
- A. सम्राजा उग्रा वृषभा दिवः पती samrā́jau ugrā́ vr̥ṣabhā́ diváḥ pátī (12 syllables)
- B. पृ huyết। मित्रावरुणा विचर्षणी pr̥thivyā́ḥ mitrā́váruṇā vícarṣaṇī (12 syllables)
- C. चित्रभिः अम्रैः उप तिष्ठथो रवं citrébhiḥ abhraíḥ úpa tiṣṭhathaḥ rávam (12 syllables)
- D. द्यां वर्षयथो असुरस्य मायया dyā́m varṣayathaḥ ásurasya māyáyā (12 syllables)
सम्राजा (samrā́jau)
O supreme rulers (dual)
उग्रा (ugrā́)
mighty (dual)
वृषभा (vr̥ṣabhā́)
strong ones / bulls (dual)
दिवः (diváḥ)
of heaven
पती (pátī)
lords (dual)
पृ huyết। (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
मित्रावरुणा (mitrā́váruṇā)
O Mitra and Varuna
विचर्षणी (vícarṣaṇī)
seeing all around / watchful (dual)
चित्रभिः (citrébhiḥ)
with colorful
अम्रैः (abhraíḥ)
with clouds
उप (úpa)
near / upon
तिष्ठथो (tiṣṭhathaḥ)
you (dual) stand
रवं (rávam)
sound / roar (of thunder)
द्यां (dyā́m)
the sky
वर्षयथो (varṣayathaḥ)
you (dual) make rain
असुरस्य (ásurasya)
of the Asura (divine power)
मायया (māyáyā)
by magic / power
Stanza 5.63.4
मा॒या वां॑ मित्रावरुणा दि॒वि श्रि॒ता सूर्यो॒ ज्योति॑श्चरति चि॒त्रमायु॑धम् | तम॒भ्रेण॑ वृ॒ष्ट्या गू॑हथो दि॒वि पर्ज॑न्य द्र॒प्सा मधु॑मन्त ईरते ||
māyā́ vām mitrāvaruṇā diví śritā́ sū́ryo jyótiś carati citrám ā́yudham tám abhréṇa vr̥ṣṭyā́ gūhatho diví párjanya drapsā́ mádhumanta īrate
Your magical power, O Mitra and Varuna, is established in the sky. The sun, a wondrous weapon, moves as light. You hide it in the sky with clouds and rain. O Parjanya, the sweet drops of water flow forth.
The verse speaks of the divine power or magic ('maya') of Mitra and Varuna, which resides in the sky. The sun is described as a wondrous, shining weapon. The deities are said to conceal this sun with clouds and rain, and then, addressing Parjanya (the god of rain), it's stated that sweet drops of water emerge.
Meter: Jagati
- A. माय वां मित्रावरुणा दिवि श्रिता māyā́ vām mitrāvaruṇā diví śritā́ (12 syllables)
- B. सूर्यो ज्योति चरति चित्रम आयुधम sū́ryaḥ jyótiḥ carati citrám ā́yudham (12 syllables)
- C. तम अभ्रेण वृष्ट्या गूहतथो दिवि tám abhréṇa vr̥ṣṭyā́ gūhathaḥ diví (12 syllables)
- D. पर्जन्य द्रप्सा मधुमन्त ईरते párjanya drapsā́ḥ mádhumantaḥ īrate (12 syllables)
माय (māyā́)
magic / power
वां (vām)
your (dual)
मित्रावरुणा (mitrāvaruṇā)
O Mitra and Varuna
दिवि (diví)
in the sky
श्रिता (śritā́)
established / resting
सूर्यो (sū́ryaḥ)
the sun
ज्योति (jyótiḥ)
light
चरति (carati)
moves
चित्रम (citrám)
wondrous / colorful
आयुधम (ā́yudham)
weapon
तम (tám)
him (the sun)
अभ्रेण (abhréṇa)
with cloud
वृष्ट्या (vr̥ṣṭyā́)
with rain
गूहतथो (gūhathaḥ)
you (dual) hide
दिवि (diví)
in the sky
पर्जन्य (párjanya)
O Parjanya (god of rain)
द्रप्सा (drapsā́ḥ)
drops
मधुमन्त (mádhumantaḥ)
sweet
ईरते (īrate)
flow
Stanza 5.63.5
रथं॑ युञ्जते म॒रुतः॑ शु॒भे सु॒खं शूरो॒ न मि॑त्रावरुणा॒ गवि॑ष्टिषु | रजां॑सि चि॒त्रा वि च॑रन्ति त॒न्यवो॑ दि॒वः स॑म्राजा॒ पय॑सा न उक्षतम् ||
ráthaṁ yuñjate marútaḥ śubhé sukháṁ śū́ro ná mitrāvaruṇā gáviṣṭiṣu rájāṁsi citrā́ ví caranti tanyávo diváḥ samrājā páyasā na ukṣatam
The Maruts yoke their chariot for glory, O Mitra and Varuna, like a hero in the contests. The thunderous clouds move through the colorful regions of the sky. O supreme rulers, nourish us with the milk of heaven.
This verse describes the Maruts (storm deities) preparing their chariot for victory, and compares them to a hero in battle. It then invokes Mitra and Varuna, stating that the thunderers move through various regions of the sky. The stanza concludes with a plea to Mitra and Varuna to nourish and sustain 'us' with the 'milk of heaven', a metaphor for rain or divine sustenance.
Meter: Jagati
- A. रथं युञ्जते मरुतः शुभे सुख rátham yuñjate marútaḥ śubhé sukhám (12 syllables)
- B. शूरो न मित्रावरुणा गविष्टिषु śū́raḥ ná mitrāvaruṇā gáviṣṭiṣu (12 syllables)
- C. रजांसि चित्रा वि चरन्ति तन्यवो rájāṃsi citrā́ ví caranti tanyávaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. दिवः सम्राजा पयसा नः उक्षतम् diváḥ samrājā páyasā naḥ ukṣatam (12 syllables)
रथं (rátham)
chariot
युञ्जते (yuñjate)
they yoke
मरुतः (marútaḥ)
the Maruts (storm deities)
शुभे (śubhé)
for glory / for victory
सुख (sukhám)
easy / pleasant
शूरो (śū́raḥ)
hero
न (ná)
like
मित्रावरुणा (mitrāvaruṇā)
O Mitra and Varuna
गविष्टिषु (gáviṣṭiṣu)
in contests / battles / pastures
रजांसि (rájāṃsi)
regions / spaces
चित्रा (citrā́)
colorful / varied
वि (ví)
through / across
चरन्ति (caranti)
move
तन्यवो (tanyávaḥ)
thunderers (clouds)
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky
सम्राजा (samrājā)
O supreme rulers (dual)
पयसा (páyasā)
with milk / sustenance
नः (naḥ)
us
उक्षतम् (ukṣatam)
sprinkle / nourish (dual imperative)
Stanza 5.63.6
वाचं॒ सु मि॑त्रावरुणा॒विरा॑वतीं प॒र्जन्य॑श्चि॒त्रां व॑दति॒ त्विषी॑मतीम् | अ॒भ्रा व॑सत म॒रुतः॒ सु मा॒यया॒ द्यां व॑र्षयतमरु॒णाम॑रे॒पस॑म् ||
vā́caṁ sú mitrāvaruṇāv írāvatīm parjányaś citrā́ṁ vadati tvíṣīmatīm abhrā́ vasata marútaḥ sú māyáyā dyā́ṁ varṣayatam aruṇā́m arepásam
Your voice is refreshing, O Mitra and Varuna. Parjanya speaks with a wondrous and powerful voice. The Maruts, with their skill, clothe themselves with clouds. You two make the sky rain, the red and spotless rain.
This verse praises the 'voice' of Mitra and Varuna as refreshing, and describes Parjanya speaking with a wondrous, powerful voice. It mentions that the Maruts, using their magic, put on clouds like garments. Mitra and Varuna are then implored to make the sky rain, specifically the red and spotless rain.
Meter: Jagati
- A. वाचं सु मित्रावरुणावि इरावती vā́cam sú mitrāvaruṇau írāvatīm (12 syllables)
- B. पर्जन्य चित्रां वदति त्विषीमतीम् parjányaḥ citrā́m vadati tvíṣīmatīm (12 syllables)
- C. अभ्रा वसत मरुतः सु मायया abhrā́ vasata marútaḥ sú māyáyā (12 syllables)
- D. द्यां वर्षयतम अरुणाम अरेपसम् dyā́m varṣayatam aruṇā́m arepásam (12 syllables)
वाचं (vā́cam)
voice / speech
सु (sú)
well / skillfully
मित्रावरुणावि (mitrāvaruṇau)
O Mitra and Varuna
इरावती (írāvatīm)
refreshing / life-giving
पर्जन्य (parjányaḥ)
Parjanya (god of rain)
चित्रां (citrā́m)
wondrous / colorful
वदति (vadati)
speaks
त्विषीमतीम् (tvíṣīmatīm)
powerful / radiant
अभ्रा (abhrā́)
clouds
वसत (vasata)
they clothe themselves
मरुतः (marútaḥ)
the Maruts
सु (sú)
well / skillfully
मायया (māyáyā)
by magic / power
द्यां (dyā́m)
the sky
वर्षयतम (varṣayatam)
you (dual) make rain
अरुणाम (aruṇā́m)
red
अरेपसम् (arepásam)
spotless / pure
Stanza 5.63.7
धर्म॑णा मित्रावरुणा विपश्चिता व्र॒ता र॑क्षेथे॒ असु॑रस्य मा॒यया॑ | ऋ॒तेन॒ विश्वं॒ भुव॑नं॒ वि रा॑जथः॒ सूर्य॒मा ध॑त्थो दि॒वि चित्र्यं॒ रथ॑म् ||
dhármaṇā mitrāvaruṇā vipaścitā vratā́ rakṣethe ásurasya māyáyā r̥téna víśvam bhúvanaṁ ví rājathaḥ sū́ryam ā́ dhattho diví cítryaṁ rátham
By wisdom and divine law, O Mitra and Varuna, you guard your vows through the Asura's magic. By the eternal order, you rule the entire world. You place the wondrous chariot of the sun in the sky.
This final verse praises Mitra and Varuna for their wisdom and adherence to cosmic law ('Dharma') and their own vows ('Vrata'). It states that through their divine power ('Asura's maya') and the principle of Rta (cosmic order), they govern the entire universe. They are credited with establishing the sun in the sky as a brilliant chariot.
Meter: Jagati
- A. धर्मणा मित्रावरुणा विपश्चिता dhármaṇā mitrāvaruṇā vipaścitā (12 syllables)
- B. व्रता रक्षेथे असुरस्य मायया vratā́ rakṣethe ásurasya māyáyā (12 syllables)
- C. ऋतेन विश्वं भुवनं वि राजथो r̥téna víśvam bhúvanam ví rājathaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. सूर्यमा आ धत्थो दिवि चित्र्यं रंथम् sū́ryam ā́ dhatthaḥ diví cítryam rátham (12 syllables)
धर्मणा (dhármaṇā)
by wisdom / law
मित्रावरुणा (mitrāvaruṇā)
O Mitra and Varuna
विपश्चिता (vipaścitā)
wise ones (dual)
व्रता (vratā́)
vows / observances
रक्षेथे (rakṣethe)
you (dual) guard
असुरस्य (ásurasya)
of the Asura (divine power)
मायया (māyáyā)
by magic / power
ऋतेन (r̥téna)
by the cosmic order
विश्वं (víśvam)
all / entire
भुवनं (bhúvanam)
world / creation
वि (ví)
through / pervading
राजथो (rājathaḥ)
you (dual) rule
सूर्यमा (sū́ryam)
the sun
आ (ā́)
up / in
धत्थो (dhatthaḥ)
you (dual) place / establish
दिवि (diví)
in the sky
चित्र्यं (cítryam)
wondrous / brilliant
रंथम् (rátham)
chariot