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Stanza 5.5.1
सुस॑मिद्धाय शो॒चिषे॑ घृ॒तं ती॒व्रं जु॑होतन | अ॒ग्नये॑ जा॒तवे॑दसे ||
súsamiddhāya śocíṣe ghr̥táṁ tīvráṁ juhotana agnáye jātávedase
To Agni, the knower of all births, offer thick, potent ghee to the brightly burning flame.
This verse is an invocation to Agni, the god of fire, who is addressed as Jātavedas (knower of all births). The devotees are instructed to offer "ghrita" (ghee or clarified butter), described as "tīvram" (sharp, potent), to the well-kindled and brilliant flame of Agni, recognizing his divine nature and power.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. सुस॑मिद्धाय शो॒चिषे súsamiddhāya śocíṣe (8 syllables)
- B. घृ॒तं ती॒व्रं जु॒होतन ghr̥tám tīvrám juhotana (8 syllables)
- C. अ॒ग्नये जा॒तवे॑दसे agnáye jātávedase (8 syllables)
सुस॑मिद्धाय (súsamiddhāya)
to the well-enkindled
शो॒चिषे (śocíṣe)
to the flame/radiance
घृ॒तं (ghr̥tám)
ghee (clarified butter)
ती॒व्रं (tīvrám)
potent/sharp/intense
जु॒होतन (juhotana)
offer/pour
अ॒ग्नये (agnáye)
to Agni (fire god)
जा॒तवे॑दसे (jātávedase)
to the knower of all births
Stanza 5.5.2
नरा॒शंसः॑ सुषूदती॒मं य॒ज्ञमदा॑भ्यः | क॒विर्हि मधु॑हस्त्यः ||
nárāśáṁsaḥ suṣūdatīmáṁ yajñám ádābhyaḥ kavír hí mádhuhastyaḥ
May the unassailable Narashamsa, the wise one with sweet offerings, invigorate this sacrifice.
This verse invokes Narashamsa, an epithet often associated with Agni or Surya. He is described as "adabhyah" (unassailable, not to be deceived) and "kaviḥ" (wise, seer). The prayer is for Narashamsa to energize or make the sacrifice ready, highlighting his role as a divine helper with wisdom and perhaps pleasant offerings or words ("madhuhastyah" - having honey in hand).
Meter: Gayatri
- A. नरा॒शंसः सुषूदती nárāśáṃsaḥ suṣūdati (8 syllables)
- B. इ॒मं य॒ज्ञम अदा॑भ्यः imám yajñám ádābhyaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. क॒विः हि मधु॑हस्त्यः kavíḥ hí mádhuhastyaḥ (8 syllables)
नरा॒शंसः (nárāśáṃsaḥ)
Narashamsa (a divine being, often Agni)
सुषूदती (suṣūdati)
makes ready/energizes
इ॒मं (imám)
this
य॒ज्ञम (yajñám)
sacrifice
अदा॑भ्यः (ádābhyaḥ)
unassailable/not to be deceived
क॒विः (kavíḥ)
wise one/seer
हि (hí)
indeed/truly
मधु॑हस्त्यः (mádhuhastyaḥ)
having honey in hand (sweet words or offerings)
Stanza 5.5.3
ई॒ळि॒तो अ॑ग्न॒ आ व॒हेन्द्रं॑ चि॒त्रमि॒ह प्रि॒यम् | सु॒खै रथे॑भिरू॒तये॑ ||
īḷitó agna ā́ vahéndraṁ citrám ihá priyám sukhaí ráthebhir ūtáye
O Agni, worshipped one, bring here the wonderful and beloved Indra with his comfortable chariots for our protection.
This is a plea to Agni, the fire god, who is addressed as "īḷitaḥ" (worshipped, praised). The prayer asks Agni to bring Indra, described as "citram" (wonderful, brilliant) and "priyam" (beloved), along with his "sukhaiḥ rathebhiḥ" (easy-going chariots) for the purpose of "ūtaye" (protection, aid).
Meter: Gayatri
- A. ई॒ळि॒तः अग्न आ व॒ह īḷitáḥ agne ā́ vaha (8 syllables)
- B. इ॒न्द्रं चि॒त्रं इ॒ह प्रि॒यं índram citrám ihá priyám (8 syllables)
- C. सु॒खैः रथे॑भिरू तये sukhaíḥ ráthebhiḥ ūtáye (8 syllables)
ई॒ळि॒तः (īḷitáḥ)
worshipped/praised
अग्न (agne)
O Agni (fire god)
आ (ā́)
hither
व॒ह (vaha)
bring
इ॒न्द्रं (índram)
Indra (king of gods)
चि॒त्रं (citrám)
wonderful/brilliant
इ॒ह (ihá)
here
प्रि॒यं (priyám)
beloved
सु॒खैः (sukhaíḥ)
comfortable/easy
रथे॑भिरू (ráthebhiḥ)
with chariots
तये (ūtáye)
for protection/aid
Stanza 5.5.4
ऊर्ण॑म्रदा॒ वि प्र॑थस्वा॒भ्य१॒॑र्का अ॑नूषत | भवा॑ नः शुभ्र सा॒तये॑ ||
ū́rṇamradā ví prathasvābhy àrkā́ anūṣata bhávā naḥ śubhra sātáye
O soft one like wool, spread out! The hymns have praised you. Be for our success.
This verse addresses "Barhis", the sacred grass used in sacrifices, calling it "ūrṇamradāḥ" (soft like wool). It instructs Barhis to spread out widely and notes that the hymns have been sung to it. The plea is for Barhis to become a source of "sātaye" (gain, success) for the devotees.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. ऊ॒र्ण॑म्रदा वि प्रथस्वा ū́rṇamradāḥ ví prathasva (8 syllables)
- B. अभ्य अ॒र्का अ॒नूषत abhí arkā́ḥ anūṣata (8 syllables)
- C. नः शुभ्र सा॒तये bháva + naḥ śubhra sātáye (8 syllables)
ऊ॒र्ण॑म्रदा (ū́rṇamradāḥ)
soft like wool
वि (ví)
outwardly/widely
प्रथस्वा (prathasva)
spread out
अभ्य (abhí)
towards/about
अ॒र्का (arkā́ḥ)
hymns/praises
अ॒नूषत (anūṣata)
sang/chanted
(bháva +)
नः (naḥ)
for us
शुभ्र (śubhra)
bright/beautiful (epithet for Barhis)
सा॒तये (sātáye)
for gain/success
Stanza 5.5.5
देवी॑र्द्वारो॒ वि श्र॑यध्वं सुप्राय॒णा न॑ ऊ॒तये॑ | प्रप्र॑ य॒ज्ञं पृ॑णीतन ||
dévīr dvāro ví śrayadhvaṁ suprāyaṇā́ na ūtáye prá-pra yajñám pr̥ṇītana
O divine doors, easy to pass, open yourselves for our protection. Continue to fill the sacrifice abundantly.
The verse addresses the divine "dvārah" (doors) of the sacrifice, which are described as "suprāyanāḥ" (easy to pass). The doors are asked to open wide for the "ūtaye" (protection, aid) of the devotees. They are also urged to "prīṇītana" (fill, satisfy) the sacrifice more and more, implying the need for abundant divine presence and blessings.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. दे॒वी द्वारो वि श्र devī́ḥ dvāraḥ ví śrayadhvam (8 syllables)
- B. सुप्राय॒णा न ऊ॒तये suprāyaṇā́ḥ naḥ ūtáye (8 syllables)
- C. प्रप्र य॒ज्ञं पृ॑णीतन prá-pra yajñám pr̥ṇītana (8 syllables)
दे॒वी (devī́ḥ)
divine (feminine)
द्वारो (dvāraḥ)
doors
वि (ví)
apart/open
श्र (śrayadhvam)
open/yield
सुप्राय॒णा (suprāyaṇā́ḥ)
easy to pass through
न (naḥ)
for us
ऊ॒तये (ūtáye)
for protection/aid
प्रप्र (prá-pra)
more and more/fully
य॒ज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice
पृ॑णीतन (pr̥ṇītana)
fill/satisfy
Stanza 5.5.6
सु॒प्रती॑के वयो॒वृधा॑ य॒ह्वी ऋ॒तस्य॑ मा॒तरा॑ | दो॒षामु॒षास॑मीमहे ||
suprátīke vayovŕ̥dhā yahvī́ r̥tásya mātárā doṣā́m uṣā́sam īmahe
We approach Night and Dawn, the fair-faced, powerful Mothers of cosmic order, who increase vital strength.
This verse invokes the "mātaraḥ" (mothers) of Rita (cosmic order/truth), identified as "Doṣā" (Night) and "Uṣāsam" (Dawn). They are described as "supratīke" (fair-faced), "vayovṛdhā" (increasers of vital strength), and "yahvī" (powerful, great). The hymn expresses a desire to approach or worship them for their blessings.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. सु॒प्रती॑के वयो॒वृधा suprátīke vayovŕ̥dhā (8 syllables)
- B. य॒ह्वी ऋ॒तस्य मा॒तरा yahvī́ r̥tásya mātárā (8 syllables)
- C. दो॒षामु षास मीमहे doṣā́m uṣā́sam īmahe (8 syllables)
सु॒प्रती॑के (suprátīke)
with beautiful faces
वयो॒वृधा (vayovŕ̥dhā)
increasers of vital strength
य॒ह्वी (yahvī́)
powerful/great
ऋ॒तस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order/truth
मा॒तरा (mātárā)
two mothers
दो॒षामु (doṣā́m)
Night
षास (uṣā́sam)
Dawn
मीमहे (īmahe)
we approach/seek
Stanza 5.5.7
वात॑स्य॒ पत्म॑न्नीळि॒ता दैव्या॒ होता॑रा॒ मनु॑षः | इ॒मं नो॑ य॒ज्ञमा ग॑तम् ||
vā́tasya pátmann īḷitā́ daívyā hótārā mánuṣaḥ imáṁ no yajñám ā́ gatam
O divine priests, praised and serving mankind, come on the wind's path to our sacrifice.
This verse calls upon the "daivyā hotārā" (divine priests), who are also called "manuṣaḥ" (of man, serving mankind). They are described as "īḷitā" (praised) and are invoked to come "pátman vātasya" (on the path of the wind), to the "yajñam naḥ" (our sacrifice).
Meter: Gayatri
- A. वाता पत्म ईळि vā́tasya pátman īḷitā́ (8 syllables)
- B. दैव्या होता मनु॑षः daívyā hótārā mánuṣaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. इ॒मं नो य॒ज्ञमा ग तम् imám naḥ yajñám ā́ gatam (8 syllables)
वाता (vā́tasya)
of the wind
पत्म (pátman)
on the path/way
ईळि (īḷitā́)
praised/worshipped
दैव्या (daívyā)
divine
होता (hótārā)
two priests
मनु॑षः (mánuṣaḥ)
of man/mankind
इ॒मं (imám)
this
नो (naḥ)
our
य॒ज्ञमा (yajñám)
sacrifice
ग (ā́)
hither
तम् (gatam)
come (dual imperative)
Stanza 5.5.8
इळा॒ सर॑स्वती म॒ही ति॒स्रो दे॒वीर्म॑यो॒भुवः॑ | ब॒र्हिः सी॑दन्त्व॒स्रिधः॑ ||
íḷā sárasvatī mahī́ tisró devī́r mayobhúvaḥ barhíḥ sīdantv asrídhaḥ
May Iḷā, Sarasvatī, and Mahī, the three goddesses who bring well-being and do not fail, sit upon the sacred grass.
This verse invokes three divine feminine figures: Iḷā (earth, sustenance), Sarasvatī (river, knowledge), and Mahī (great one, earth). They are collectively called "tisraḥ devīḥ" (three goddesses) and "mayobhuvaḥ" (bestowers of well-being). They are asked to sit on the "barhiḥ" (sacred grass) without "asrídhaḥ" (failing, faltering), implying their benevolent and steadfast presence.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. इळा सर मही íḷā sárasvatī mahī́ (8 syllables)
- B. ति॒स्रो दे॒वी मयो॒भुवः tisráḥ devī́ḥ mayobhúvaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. ब॒र्हिः सी॒दन्त्व अ॒स्रिधः barhíḥ sīdantu asrídhaḥ (8 syllables)
इळा (íḷā)
Iḷā (goddess of earth/sustenance)
सर (sárasvatī)
Sarasvatī (goddess of river/knowledge)
मही (mahī́)
great one
ति॒स्रो (tisráḥ)
three
दे॒वी (devī́ḥ)
goddesses
मयो॒भुवः (mayobhúvaḥ)
bestowers of well-being/comfort
ब॒र्हिः (barhíḥ)
sacred grass
सी॒दन्त्व (sīdantu)
may they sit
अ॒स्रिधः (asrídhaḥ)
non-failing/steadfast
Stanza 5.5.9
शि॒वस्त्व॑ष्टरि॒हा ग॑हि वि॒भुः पोष॑ उ॒त त्मना॑ | य॒ज्ञेय॑ज्ञे न॒ उद॑व ||
śivás tvaṣṭar ihā́ gahi vibhúḥ póṣa utá tmánā yajñé-yajñe na úd ava
O auspicious Tvaṣṭar, come here with your pervasive power and by yourself; protect us in every sacrifice.
This verse is an invitation to Tvaṣṭar, the divine craftsman and architect, addressed as "śivaḥ" (auspicious, benevolent). He is asked to come "iha" (here) with his "vibhuḥ" (all-pervading) presence and also "tmanā" (by himself). The purpose is for him to "ud ava" (protect, aid) the devotees "yajñeyajñe" (in every sacrifice).
Meter: Gayatri
- A. शि॒वस्त्व ष्टरि इ॒ह ग हि śiváḥ tvaṣṭar ihá ā́ gahi (8 syllables)
- B. वि॒भुः पो॒ष उत त्मना vibhúḥ póṣe utá tmánā (8 syllables)
- C. य॒ज्ञेय न उद अव yajñé-yajñe naḥ út ava (8 syllables)
शि॒वस्त्व (śiváḥ)
auspicious/benevolent
ष्टरि (tvaṣṭar)
Tvaṣṭar (divine craftsman)
इ॒ह (ihá)
here
ग (ā́)
hither
हि (gahi)
come
वि॒भुः (vibhúḥ)
all-pervading/mighty
पो॒ष (póṣe)
in growth/prosperity (contextual)
उत (utá)
and
त्मना (tmánā)
by oneself/personally
य॒ज्ञेय (yajñé-yajñe)
in every sacrifice
न (naḥ)
us
उद (út)
up/protect
अव (ava)
protect/aid
Stanza 5.5.10
यत्र॒ वेत्थ॑ वनस्पते दे॒वानां॒ गुह्या॒ नामा॑नि | तत्र॑ ह॒व्यानि॑ गामय ||
yátra véttha vanaspate devā́nāṁ gúhyā nā́māni tátra havyā́ni gāmaya
O Vanaspati (sacrificial post/wood), wherever you know the secret names of the gods, direct the offerings there.
This verse addresses Vanaspati (lord of the forest, often the sacrificial post or wood). It states that wherever Vanaspati knows the "guhyā namani" (secret names) of the gods, the offerings ("havyaani") should be directed there. This implies Vanaspati's connection to divine knowledge and his role in facilitating the acceptance of oblations.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. यत्र वेत्थ वनस्पते yátra véttha vanaspate (8 syllables)
- B. दे॒वानां गुह्या नामा॑नि devā́nām gúhyā nā́māni (8 syllables)
- C. तत्र ह॒व्यानि गामय tátra havyā́ni gāmaya (8 syllables)
यत्र (yátra)
wherever
वेत्थ (véttha)
you know
वनस्पते (vanaspate)
O lord of the forest (sacrificial post/wood)
दे॒वानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
गुह्या (gúhyā)
secret/hidden
नामा॑नि (nā́māni)
names
तत्र (tátra)
there
ह॒व्यानि (havyā́ni)
oblations/offerings
गामय (gāmaya)
make go/direct
Stanza 5.5.11
स्वाहा॒ग्नये॒ वरु॑णाय॒ स्वाहेन्द्रा॑य म॒रुद्भ्यः॑ | स्वाहा॑ दे॒वेभ्यो॑ ह॒विः ||
svā́hāgnáye váruṇāya svā́héndrāya marúdbhyaḥ svā́hā devébhyo havíḥ
Svaha to Agni and Varuna! Svaha to Indra and the Maruts! Svaha to the gods for the oblation!
This is a mantra of offering, a series of invocations using "Svaha", a ritual exclamation signifying "offering" or "hail". Specific deities are addressed: Agni (fire god), Varuṇa (god of cosmic order), Indra (king of gods), the Maruts (storm gods), and the gods in general. Each offering is directed towards them, with the final "havih" (oblation) being presented to the gods.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. स्वाहा अग्नये वरु॑णाय svā́hā agnáye váruṇāya (8 syllables)
- B. स्वाहा न्द्रा म॒रुद्भ्यः svā́hā índrāya marúdbhyaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. स्वाहा दे॒वेभ्यो ह॒विः svā́hā devébhyaḥ havíḥ (8 syllables)
स्वाहा (svā́hā)
an exclamation of offering/hail
अग्नये (agnáye)
to Agni (fire god)
वरु॑णाय (váruṇāya)
to Varuna (god of cosmic order)
स्वाहा (svā́hā)
an exclamation of offering/hail
न्द्रा (índrāya)
to Indra (king of gods)
म॒रुद्भ्यः (marúdbhyaḥ)
to the Maruts (storm gods)
स्वाहा (svā́hā)
an exclamation of offering/hail
दे॒वेभ्यो (devébhyaḥ)
to the gods
ह॒विः (havíḥ)
oblation/offering