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Stanza 5.41.1
को नु वां॑ मित्रावरुणावृता॒यन्दि॒वो वा॑ म॒हः पार्थि॑वस्य वा॒ दे | ऋ॒तस्य॑ वा॒ सद॑सि॒ त्रासी॑थां नो यज्ञाय॒ते वा॑ पशु॒षो न वाजा॑न् ||
kó nú vām mitrāvaruṇāv r̥tāyán divó vā maháḥ pā́rthivasya vā dé r̥tásya vā sádasi trā́sīthāṁ no yajñāyaté vā paśuṣó ná vā́jān
Who among mortals indeed honors you, Mitra and Varuṇa, with devotion, from the sky or from the mighty earth? Protect us in the abode of cosmic order, and grant to the worshipper wealth in the form of cattle.
The seer addresses the divine twins Mitra and Varuṇa, asking who amongst mortals honors them with devotion from earth or heaven. The prayer is for protection in the cosmic order and for prosperity in the form of cattle, essential for sacrifices and sustenance.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. को नु वां मित्रावरुणा ऋतायन् káḥ nú vām mitrāvaruṇau r̥tāyán (11 syllables)
- B. दिवः वा महः पार्थिवस्य वा दे diváḥ vā maháḥ pā́rthivasya vā dé (11 syllables)
- C. ऋतस्य वा सदसि त्रासीथां नः r̥tásya vā sádasi trā́sīthām naḥ (11 syllables)
- D. यज्ञायते वा पशुषः न वाजान् yajñāyaté vā paśuṣáḥ ná vā́jān (11 syllables)
को (káḥ)
who
नु (nú)
indeed
वां (vām)
your (dual)
मित्रावरुणा (mitrāvaruṇau)
Mitra and Varuṇa
ऋतायन् (r̥tāyán)
honoring the cosmic order
दिवः (diváḥ)
from the sky
वा (vā)
or
महः (maháḥ)
mighty
पार्थिवस्य (pā́rthivasya)
of the earthly (realm)
वा (vā)
or
दे (dé)
to the giver
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of the cosmic order
वा (vā)
or
सदसि (sádasi)
in the abode
त्रासीथां (trā́sīthām)
protect (you dual)
नः (naḥ)
us
यज्ञायते (yajñāyaté)
to the sacrificer
वा (vā)
or
पशुषः (paśuṣáḥ)
of cattle
न (ná)
and not
वाजान् (vā́jān)
wealth, food
Stanza 5.41.2
ते नो॑ मि॒त्रो वरु॑णो अर्य॒मायुरिन्द्र॑ ऋभु॒क्षा म॒रुतो॑ जुषन्त | नमो॑भिर्वा॒ ये दध॑ते सुवृ॒क्तिं स्तोमं॑ रु॒द्राय॑ मी॒ळ्हुषे॑ स॒जोषाः॑ ||
té no mitró váruṇo aryamā́yúr índra r̥bhukṣā́ marúto juṣanta námobhir vā yé dádhate suvr̥ktíṁ stómaṁ rudrā́ya mīḷhúṣe sajóṣāḥ
May those deities – Mitra, Varuṇa, Aryaman, Āyu, Indra, R̥bhukṣan, the Maruts – be pleased with us. And those who, along with Rudra, the showerer of benefits, accept with adoration and praise the hymn, may they be pleased.
The seer invokes a pantheon of deities, including Mitra, Varuṇa, Aryaman, Āyu, Indra, and the Maruts. The prayer is for these gods to be pleased with the hymns and offerings presented, specifically mentioning Rudra, the 'giver of rain', and emphasizing the importance of united devotion.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ते नः मित्रः वरुणः अर्यमा आयुः té naḥ mitráḥ váruṇaḥ aryamā́ āyúḥ (11 syllables)
- B. इन्द्रः ऋभुक्षाः मरुतः जुषन्त índraḥ r̥bhukṣā́ḥ marútaḥ juṣanta (11 syllables)
- C. नमोभिः वा ये दधते सुवृत्तिं námobhiḥ vā yé dádhate suvr̥ktím (11 syllables)
- D. स्तोमं रुद्राय मीळ्हषे सजोषाः stómam rudrā́ya mīḷhúṣe sajóṣāḥ (11 syllables)
ते (té)
they
नः (naḥ)
us
मित्रः (mitráḥ)
Mitra
वरुणः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuṇa
अर्यमा (aryamā́)
Aryaman
आयुः (āyúḥ)
Āyu
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
ऋभुक्षाः (r̥bhukṣā́ḥ)
R̥bhukṣan (Indra's epithet)
मरुतः (marútaḥ)
Maruts
जुषन्त (juṣanta)
be pleased
नमोभिः (námobhiḥ)
with adorations
वा (vā)
and
ये (yé)
those who
दधते (dádhate)
accept, hold
सुवृत्तिं (suvr̥ktím)
praise, adoration
स्तोमं (stómam)
hymn
रुद्राय (rudrā́ya)
to Rudra
मीळ्हषे (mīḷhúṣe)
the showerer of benefits
सजोषाः (sajóṣāḥ)
united in enjoyment, agreeable
Stanza 5.41.3
आ वां॒ येष्ठा॑श्विना हु॒वध्यै॒ वात॑स्य॒ पत्म॒न्रथ्य॑स्य पु॒ष्टौ | उ॒त वा॑ दि॒वो असु॑राय॒ मन्म॒ प्रान्धां॑सीव॒ यज्य॑वे भरध्वम् ||
ā́ vāṁ yéṣṭhāśvinā huvádhyai vā́tasya pátman ráthyasya puṣṭaú utá vā divó ásurāya mánma prā́ndhāṁsīva yájyave bharadhvam
O Aśvins, come swiftly to us for invocation, moving like the wind, borne on the chariot! Or, like a libation, bring praise to the sky-dwelling Asura, who is worthy of worship.
The seer calls upon the divine twin horsemen, the Aśvins, to come swiftly, like the wind, to accept the chariot's offering. The prayer extends to Asura, a powerful being associated with the sky, requesting that a hymn be brought to him as if it were a libation, emphasizing devotion and worship.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ वां येष्ठा अश्विना हुवध्यै ā́ vām yéṣṭhā aśvinā huvádhyai (11 syllables)
- B. वातस्य पत्मन् रक्ष्यस्य पुष्टौ vā́tasya pátman ráthyasya puṣṭaú (11 syllables)
- C. उत वा दिवः असुराय मन्म utá vā diváḥ ásurāya mánma (11 syllables)
- D. प्र अंधांसी इव यज्यवे भरध्वं prá ándhāṃsi iva yájyave bharadhvam (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
hither
वां (vām)
to you (dual)
येष्ठा (yéṣṭhā)
swift (dual)
अश्विना (aśvinā)
O Aśvins
हुवध्यै (huvádhyai)
for invocation
वातस्य (vā́tasya)
of the wind
पत्मन् (pátman)
in motion, flight
रक्ष्यस्य (ráthyasya)
of the chariot
पुष्टौ (puṣṭaú)
in fullness, sustenance
उत (utá)
and
वा (vā)
or
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky
असुराय (ásurāya)
to the Asura (powerful being)
मन्म (mánma)
thought, hymn
प्र (prá)
forth
अंधांसी (ándhāṃsi)
libations, offerings
इव (iva)
like
यज्यवे (yájyave)
to the worshipper
भरध्वं (bharadhvam)
bring (you plural)
Stanza 5.41.4
प्र स॒क्षणो॑ दि॒व्यः कण्व॑होता त्रि॒तो दि॒वः स॒जोषा॒ वातो॑ अ॒ग्निः | पू॒षा भगः॑ प्रभृ॒थे वि॒श्वभो॑जा आ॒जिं न ज॑ग्मुरा॒श्व॑श्वतमाः ||
prá sakṣáṇo divyáḥ káṇvahotā tritó diváḥ sajóṣā vā́to agníḥ pūṣā́ bhágaḥ prabhr̥thé viśvábhojā ājíṁ ná jagmur āśvàśvatamāḥ
The heavenly Victor, the Kanva-priest, Trita together with Dyaus, Vata, Agni, Pūṣan, and Bhaga, all enjoyers of the offering, approached like the swiftest horses in a race.
The hymn celebrates a powerful divine assembly: the heavenly victor (possibly Indra), the priest-like Kanva, Trita dwelling with Dyaus (heaven), the wind (Vata), Agni (fire), Pushan (sustainer), and Bhaga (distributor of fortune). They are described as approaching the oblation like swift-horsed chariots approaching a contest, signifying their readiness and power.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र सक्षणो दिव्यः कण्वहोता prá sakṣáṇaḥ divyáḥ káṇvahotā (11 syllables)
- B. त्रितः दिवः सजोषाः वातः अग्निः tritáḥ diváḥ sajóṣāḥ vā́taḥ agníḥ (11 syllables)
- C. पूषा भगः प्रभृथे विश्वभो जाः pūṣā́ bhágaḥ prabhr̥thé viśvábhojāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. आजिं न जग्मुः आश्वश्वतमाः ājím ná jagmuḥ āśvàśvatamāḥ (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth
सक्षणो (sakṣáṇaḥ)
powerful
दिव्यः (divyáḥ)
heavenly
कण्वहोता (káṇvahotā)
Kanva the priest
त्रितः (tritáḥ)
Trita
दिवः (diváḥ)
from heaven
सजोषाः (sajóṣāḥ)
enjoying together
वातः (vā́taḥ)
Vata (wind)
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire)
पूषा (pūṣā́)
Pūṣan (sustainer)
भगः (bhágaḥ)
Bhaga (fortune)
प्रभृथे (prabhr̥thé)
in the offering
विश्वभो जाः (viśvábhojāḥ)
all-enjoying
आजिं (ājím)
contest, prize
न (ná)
like
जग्मुः (jagmuḥ)
they approached
आश्वश्वतमाः (āśvàśvatamāḥ)
having the swiftest horses
Stanza 5.41.5
प्र वो॑ र॒यिं यु॒क्ताश्वं॑ भरध्वं रा॒य एषेऽव॑से दधीत॒ धीः | सु॒शेव॒ एवै॑रौशि॒जस्य॒ होता॒ ये व॒ एवा॑ मरुतस्तु॒राणा॑म् ||
prá vo rayíṁ yuktā́śvam bharadhvaṁ rāyá éṣé 'vase dadhīta dhī́ḥ suśéva évair auśijásya hótā yé va évā marutas turā́ṇām
Bring forth your wealth, O people, to the Maruts, who are yoked with horses! Let thought be directed towards protection and wealth. The priest of Auśija, blessed by them, effectively praises and serves.
The worshippers are urged to bring their wealth and riches to the Maruts, the swift deities. They are advised to focus their thoughts on gaining divine favor and sustenance. The hymn then praises the priest of Auṣija, who, along with these powerful Maruts, effectively engages with the divine.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र वः रयिं युक्ताश्वं भरध्वं prá vaḥ rayím yuktā́śvam bharadhvam (11 syllables)
- B. रायः एषे अवसे दधीत धीः rāyáḥ éṣe ávase dadhīta dhī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. सुशेवः एवैः औशिजस्य होता suśévaḥ évaiḥ auśijásya hótā (11 syllables)
- D. ये वः एवाः मरुतः तुराणां yé vaḥ évāḥ marutaḥ turā́ṇām (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth
वः (vaḥ)
your
रयिं (rayím)
wealth
युक्ताश्वं (yuktā́śvam)
harnessed with horses
भरध्वं (bharadhvam)
bring (you plural)
रायः (rāyáḥ)
of riches
एषे (éṣe)
for seeking, for gain
अवसे (ávase)
for protection
दधीत (dadhīta)
should place, should direct
धीः (dhī́ḥ)
thought, devotion
सुशेवः (suśévaḥ)
well-pleasing, blessed
एवैः (évaiḥ)
by these (Maruts)
औशिजस्य (auśijásya)
of Auśija (a priest)
होता (hótā)
priest
ये (yé)
who
वः (vaḥ)
your
एवाः (évāḥ)
powerful ones
मरुतः (marutaḥ)
O Maruts
तुराणां (turā́ṇām)
of the swift ones
Stanza 5.41.6
प्र वो॑ वा॒युं र॑थ॒युजं॑ कृणुध्वं॒ प्र दे॒वं विप्रं॑ पनि॒तार॑म॒र्कैः | इ॒षु॒ध्यव॑ ऋत॒सापः॒ पुरं॑धी॒र्वस्वी॑र्नो॒ अत्र॒ पत्नी॒रा धि॒ये धुः॑ ||
prá vo vāyúṁ rathayújaṁ kr̥ṇudhvam prá deváṁ vípram panitā́ram arkaíḥ iṣudhyáva r̥tasā́paḥ púraṁdhīr vásvīr no átra pátnīr ā́ dhiyé dhuḥ
Prepare Vayu, the yoked charioteer, for yourselves! Prepare the divine singer with praises! May the wise, discerning, and benevolent powers protect us and bring us good fortune.
The hymn urges the worshippers to engage Vayu, the god of wind, who is ready to yoke his chariot, and to worship the divine singer (Agni or another deity) with praises. It also invokes the powerful, discerning female deities (perhaps Ushas and Ratri, or other aspects of the divine feminine) to bring protection and sustenance.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्र वः वायुं रथयुजं कृणुध्वं prá vaḥ vāyúm rathayújam kr̥ṇudhvam (11 syllables)
- B. प्र देवं विप्रं पणिितारं अर्कैः prá devám vípram panitā́ram arkaíḥ (11 syllables)
- C. इषुद्यवः ऋतसापः पुरंंधीः iṣudhyávaḥ r̥tasā́paḥ púraṃdhīḥ (11 syllables)
- D. वस्वीः नः अत्र पत्नीः आ धिये धुः vásvīḥ naḥ átra pátnīḥ ā́ dhiyé dhuḥ (11 syllables)
प्र (prá)
forth
वः (vaḥ)
for you (plural)
वायुं (vāyúm)
Vayu (wind god)
रथयुजं (rathayújam)
yoked to the chariot
कृणुध्वं (kr̥ṇudhvam)
make, prepare (you plural)
प्र (prá)
forth
देवं (devám)
the divine
विप्रं (vípram)
the singer, inspired one
पणिितारं (panitā́ram)
the praiser, worshipper
अर्कैः (arkaíḥ)
with praises
इषुद्यवः (iṣudhyávaḥ)
desiring strength
ऋतसापः (r̥tasā́paḥ)
achieving the order
पुरंंधीः (púraṃdhīḥ)
wise, intelligent powers
वस्वीः (vásvīḥ)
bountiful, benevolent
नः (naḥ)
us
अत्र (átra)
here
पत्नीः (pátnīḥ)
powers, goddesses
आ (ā́)
hither
धिये (dhiyé)
for wealth, understanding
धुः (dhuḥ)
they bring
Stanza 5.41.7
उप॑ व॒ एषे॒ वन्द्ये॑भिः शू॒षैः प्र य॒ह्वी दि॒वश्चि॒तय॑द्भिर॒र्कैः | उ॒षासा॒नक्ता॑ वि॒दुषी॑व॒ विश्व॒मा हा॑ वहतो॒ मर्त्या॑य य॒ज्ञम् ||
úpa va éṣe vándyebhiḥ śūṣaíḥ prá yahvī́ diváś citáyadbhir arkaíḥ uṣā́sānáktā vidúṣīva víśvam ā́ hā vahato mártyāya yajñám
We approach you with praiseworthy powers, O mighty ones, with songs that distinguish the sky! Ushas and Ratri, the wise ones, together bring the sacrifice to the mortal.
The seer approaches the divine twin goddesses, Ushas (dawn) and Ratri (night), with powerful songs of praise. These goddesses, described as wise and active like the sky, are invoked to bring the sacrifice, a symbol of devotion and sustenance, to the mortal.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उप वः एषे वन्द्येभिः शूषैः úpa vaḥ éṣe vándyebhiḥ śūṣaíḥ (11 syllables)
- B. प्र यह्नी दिवः चितयद्भिर अर्कैः prá yahvī́ diváḥ citáyadbhiḥ arkaíḥ (11 syllables)
- C. उषासानक्ता विदुषी इव विश्वं uṣā́sānáktā vidúṣī iva víśvam (11 syllables)
- D. आ हा वहतो मर्त्याय यज्ञं ā́ ha + vahataḥ mártyāya yajñám (11 syllables)
उप (úpa)
near, towards
वः (vaḥ)
to you (plural)
एषे (éṣe)
for seeking
वन्द्येभिः (vándyebhiḥ)
worthy of praise
शूषैः (śūṣaíḥ)
with powers, strength
प्र (prá)
forth
यह्नी (yahvī́)
mighty ones (dual)
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky
चितयद्भिर (citáyadbhiḥ)
making manifest, distinguishing
अर्कैः (arkaíḥ)
with songs
उषासानक्ता (uṣā́sānáktā)
Ushas (dawn) and Ratri (night)
विदुषी (vidúṣī)
knowing (dual)
इव (iva)
like
विश्वं (víśvam)
all
आ (ā́)
hither
हा (ha +)
(emphatic particle)
वहतो (vahataḥ)
they (dual) carry
मर्त्याय (mártyāya)
to the mortal
यज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice
Stanza 5.41.8
अ॒भि वो॑ अर्चे पो॒ष्याव॑तो॒ नॄन्वास्तो॒ष्पतिं॒ त्वष्टा॑रं॒ ररा॑णः | धन्या॑ स॒जोषा॑ धि॒षणा॒ नमो॑भि॒र्वन॒स्पतीँ॒रोष॑धी रा॒य एषे॑ ||
abhí vo arce poṣyā́vato nr̥ŕ̥n vā́stoṣ pátiṁ tváṣṭāraṁ rárāṇaḥ dhányā sajóṣā dhiṣáṇā námobhir vánaspátīm̐r óṣadhī rāyá éṣe
I praise you, O divine powers, who nourish heroes! I praise Vastoshpati and Tvashṭar, and Dhishaṇā, who are pleasing with adorations. Grant us wealth, O trees and plants, and that wealth-granting power.
The seer praises the deities who nourish heroes, specifically mentioning Vastoshpati (lord of the dwelling) and Tvashṭar (divine craftsman), and also Dhishaṇā (intelligence, speech), along with trees and plants. These benevolent powers are invoked to bestow wealth and prosperity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अभि वः अर्चे पोष्यावतः नॄन् abhí vaḥ arce poṣyā́vataḥ nr̥̄́n (12 syllables)
- B. वास्तोः पतिं त्वष्टारं रराणः vā́stoḥ pátim tváṣṭāram rárāṇaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. धन्या सजोषाः धषणा नमोभिः dhányā sajóṣāḥ dhiṣáṇā námobhiḥ (11 syllables)
- D. वनस्पतीन औषधीः रायः एषे vánaspátīn óṣadhīḥ rāyáḥ éṣe (11 syllables)
अभि (abhí)
towards
वः (vaḥ)
to you (plural)
अर्चे (arce)
I praise
पोष्यावतः (poṣyā́vataḥ)
nourishing
नॄन् (nr̥̄́n)
heroes
वास्तोः (vā́stoḥ)
of the dwelling
पतिं (pátim)
lord
त्वष्टारं (tváṣṭāram)
Tvashṭar (divine craftsman)
रराणः (rárāṇaḥ)
giving gladly
धन्या (dhányā)
wealth-bestowing
सजोषाः (sajóṣāḥ)
agreeing, harmonious
धषणा (dhiṣáṇā)
Dhishaṇā (intelligence, speech)
नमोभिः (námobhiḥ)
with adorations
वनस्पतीन (vánaspátīn)
lords of the forest (trees)
औषधीः (óṣadhīḥ)
plants, herbs
रायः (rāyáḥ)
of riches
एषे (éṣe)
for seeking
Stanza 5.41.9
तु॒जे न॒स्तने॒ पर्व॑ताः सन्तु॒ स्वैत॑वो॒ ये वस॑वो॒ न वी॒राः | प॒नि॒त आ॒प्त्यो य॑ज॒तः सदा॑ नो॒ वर्धा॑न्नः॒ शंसं॒ नर्यो॑ अ॒भिष्टौ॑ ||
tujé nas táne párvatāḥ santu svaítavo yé vásavo ná vīrā́ḥ panitá āptyó yajatáḥ sádā no várdhān naḥ śáṁsaṁ náryo abhíṣṭau
May the mountains be for our offspring and sustenance, like the moving Vasus! May the worshipper, friend of man, always increase our praise and spiritual strength.
The seer wishes for the mountains to be favorable for progeny and sustenance, like the heroic Vasus. The prayer is for Aptya (related to reaching or 'aptness'), the worshipper, and the gods to increase the efficacy of the invocation and speech, providing support in times of need.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. तुजे नः तने पर्वताः सन्तु tujé naḥ táne párvatāḥ santu (10 syllables)
- B. स्वैतवो ये वसवो न वीराः svaítavaḥ yé vásavaḥ ná vīrā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. पनिित आप्त्यः यजतः सदा नः panitáḥ āptyáḥ yajatáḥ sádā naḥ (11 syllables)
- D. वर्धात् नः शंसं नर्यः अभिष्टौ várdhāt naḥ śáṃsam náryaḥ abhíṣṭau (11 syllables)
तुजे (tujé)
for strength, vigor
नः (naḥ)
our
तने (táne)
for progeny, offspring
पर्वताः (párvatāḥ)
mountains
सन्तु (santu)
may they be
स्वैतवो (svaítavaḥ)
moving freely, powerful
ये (yé)
who
वसवो (vásavaḥ)
Vasus (a class of deities)
न (ná)
like
वीराः (vīrā́ḥ)
heroes
पनिित (panitáḥ)
worshipped, praised
आप्त्यः (āptyáḥ)
Aptya (a divine being or quality)
यजतः (yajatáḥ)
worshipping, divine
सदा (sádā)
always
नः (naḥ)
our
वर्धात् (várdhāt)
may increase
नः (naḥ)
our
शंसं (śáṃsam)
praise, word
नर्यः (náryaḥ)
heroic, strong
अभिष्टौ (abhíṣṭau)
in support, in need
Stanza 5.41.10
वृष्णो॑ अस्तोषि भू॒म्यस्य॒ गर्भं॑ त्रि॒तो नपा॑तम॒पां सु॑वृ॒क्ति | गृ॒णी॒ते अ॒ग्निरे॒तरी॒ न शू॒षैः शो॒चिष्के॑शो॒ नि रि॑णाति॒ वना॑ ||
vŕ̥ṣṇo astoṣi bhūmyásya gárbhaṁ tritó nápātam apā́ṁ suvr̥ktí gr̥ṇīté agnír etárī ná śūṣaíḥ śocíṣkeśo ní riṇāti vánā
Trita praised the germ of the earthly hero and the offspring of the waters with pure hymns. Agni, the one with flaming hair, neighs like a charger and destroys the forests.
The hymn describes Trita, the 'germ of the hero', praising the offspring of the waters with pure songs. It then portrays Agni, the fiery god with flaming hair, as powerful and destructive, likened to a charger that annihilates forests, signifying his immense energy.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वृष्णो अस्तोषि भूम्यस्य गर्भं vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ astoṣi bhūmyásya gárbham (11 syllables)
- B. त्रितः नपातं अपां सुवृत्ति tritáḥ nápātam apā́m suvr̥ktí (11 syllables)
- C. गृणीते अग्निः न शूषैः gr̥ṇīté agníḥ etári + ná śūṣaíḥ (11 syllables)
- D. शोचिष्केशः नि रिणाति वना śocíṣkeśaḥ ní riṇāti vánā (11 syllables)
वृष्णो (vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ)
of the strong one
अस्तोषि (astoṣi)
I praised
भूम्यस्य (bhūmyásya)
of the earthly one
गर्भं (gárbham)
germ, embryo
त्रितः (tritáḥ)
Trita
नपातं (nápātam)
offspring, descendant
अपां (apā́m)
of the waters
सुवृत्ति (suvr̥ktí)
with pure praise
गृणीते (gr̥ṇīté)
he sings, praises
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire)
(etári +)
न (ná)
like
शूषैः (śūṣaíḥ)
with powers
शोचिष्केशः (śocíṣkeśaḥ)
having flaming hair
नि (ní)
down
रिणाति (riṇāti)
destroys
वना (vánā)
forests
Stanza 5.41.11
क॒था म॒हे रु॒द्रिया॑य ब्रवाम॒ कद्रा॒ये चि॑कि॒तुषे॒ भगा॑य | आप॒ ओष॑धीरु॒त नो॑ऽवन्तु॒ द्यौर्वना॑ गि॒रयो॑ वृ॒क्षके॑शाः ||
kathā́ mahé rudríyāya bravāma kád rāyé cikitúṣe bhágāya ā́pa óṣadhīr utá no 'vantu dyaúr vánā giráyo vr̥kṣákeśāḥ
How should we speak to the great Rudra and to Bhaga, the discerning one, who gives fortune? May the waters, plants, sky, forests, and mountains with tree-like hair protect us.
The seer questions how to address the might of Rudra and the fortune-giving Bhaga. The prayer is for waters, plants, the sky, mountains, and trees, all endowed with life and beauty, to grant protection and favor.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कथा महे रुद्रियाय बवाम kathā́ mahé rudríyāya bravāma (11 syllables)
- B. कद्रा राये चिकितुषे भगाय kát rāyé cikitúṣe bhágāya (11 syllables)
- C. आपः औषधीः उत नः अवन्तु ā́paḥ óṣadhīḥ utá naḥ avantu (11 syllables)
- D. द्यौः वना गिरयः वृक्षकेशाः dyaúḥ vánā giráyaḥ vr̥kṣákeśāḥ (11 syllables)
कथा (kathā́)
how
महे (mahé)
to the great
रुद्रियाय (rudríyāya)
to Rudra
बवाम (bravāma)
may we speak
कद्रा (kát)
what
राये (rāyé)
for riches
चिकितुषे (cikitúṣe)
the discerning
भगाय (bhágāya)
to Bhaga
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
औषधीः (óṣadhīḥ)
plants
उत (utá)
and
नः (naḥ)
us
अवन्तु (avantu)
may they protect
द्यौः (dyaúḥ)
sky
वना (vánā)
forests
गिरयः (giráyaḥ)
mountains
वृक्षकेशाः (vr̥kṣákeśāḥ)
with tree-hair
Stanza 5.41.12
शृ॒णोतु॑ न ऊ॒र्जां पति॒र्गिरः॒ स नभ॒स्तरी॑याँ इषि॒रः परि॑ज्मा | शृ॒ण्वन्त्वापः॒ पुरो॒ न शु॒भ्राः परि॒ स्रुचो॑ बबृहा॒णस्याद्रेः॑ ||
śr̥ṇótu na ūrjā́m pátir gíraḥ sá nábhas tárīyām̐ iṣiráḥ párijmā śr̥ṇvántv ā́paḥ púro ná śubhrā́ḥ pári srúco babr̥hāṇásyā́dreḥ
May the swift, life-giving lord of sustenance hear our songs. May the waters, bright like fortresses, and the flowing streams, hear us.
The seer implores the swift, life-giving deity (possibly Vayu or another wind-god), lord of sustenance, to hear their songs. The prayer extends to the waters and the flowing streams, asking them to be attentive, like bright fortresses, as they emanate from the mountain.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. शृणोतु नः ऊर्जां पतिः गिरः स śr̥ṇótu naḥ ūrjā́m pátiḥ gíraḥ sá (11 syllables)
- B. नभः तारीयान इषिरः परिज्मा nábhaḥ tárīyān iṣiráḥ párijmā (11 syllables)
- C. शृण्वन्तु आपः पुरः न शुभ्राः śr̥ṇvántu ā́paḥ púraḥ ná śubhrā́ḥ (10 syllables)
- D. परि स्रुचः बब्रृहाणस्य अद्रेः pári srúcaḥ babr̥hāṇásya ádreḥ (11 syllables)
शृणोतु (śr̥ṇótu)
may he hear
नः (naḥ)
our
ऊर्जां (ūrjā́m)
of sustenance
पतिः (pátiḥ)
lord
गिरः (gíraḥ)
songs
स (sá)
he
नभः (nábhaḥ)
sky, atmosphere
तारीयान (tárīyān)
swifter
इषिरः (iṣiráḥ)
life-giving, energetic
परिज्मा (párijmā)
moving around, pervading
शृण्वन्तु (śr̥ṇvántu)
may they hear
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
पुरः (púraḥ)
fortresses
न (ná)
like
शुभ्राः (śubhrā́ḥ)
bright, pure
परि (pári)
around
स्रुचः (srúcaḥ)
flowing streams
बब्रृहाणस्य (babr̥hāṇásya)
of the swollen, enlarged one
अद्रेः (ádreḥ)
of the mountain
Stanza 5.41.13
वि॒दा चि॒न्नु म॑हान्तो॒ ये व॒ एवा॒ ब्रवा॑म दस्मा॒ वार्यं॒ दधा॑नाः | वय॑श्च॒न सु॒भ्व१॒॑ आव॑ यन्ति क्षु॒भा मर्त॒मनु॑यतं वध॒स्नैः ||
vidā́ cin nú mahānto yé va évā brávāma dasmā vā́ryaṁ dádhānāḥ váyaś caná subhvà ā́va yanti kṣubhā́ mártam ánuyataṁ vadhasnaíḥ
We know your ways, O great and wonderful ones! We will proclaim your praise. Even swift birds do not approach a mortal who attacks with weapons and force.
The seer acknowledges the powerful and wonderful divine beings, wishing to proclaim their greatness. In contrast, it describes how even swift birds do not approach a mortal who attempts to fight them with weapons, implying that divine favor is not won through aggression but through respectful praise.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विदा चि नु महान्तो ये वः एवाः vidá + cit nú mahāntaḥ yé vaḥ évāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. बवाम दस्मा वार्यं दधानाः brávāma dasmāḥ vā́ryam dádhānāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. वयः चन सुभ्वः आ अवा यन्ति váyaḥ caná subhvàḥ ā́ áva yanti (11 syllables)
- D. क्षुभा मर्तं अनुयतं वधस्नैः kṣubhā́ mártam ánuyatam vadhasnaíḥ (11 syllables)
विदा (vidá +)
we know
चि (cit)
indeed
नु (nú)
now
महान्तो (mahāntaḥ)
great ones
ये (yé)
who
वः (vaḥ)
your
एवाः (évāḥ)
powerful ones
बवाम (brávāma)
may we proclaim
दस्मा (dasmāḥ)
wonderful ones
वार्यं (vā́ryam)
praise, reward
दधानाः (dádhānāḥ)
holding, possessing
वयः (váyaḥ)
birds
चन (caná)
even
सुभ्वः (subhvàḥ)
strong, powerful
आ (ā́)
hither
अवा (áva)
down
यन्ति (yanti)
they come
क्षुभा (kṣubhā́)
with force, violence
मर्तं (mártam)
the mortal
अनुयतं (ánuyatam)
pursued, attacked
वधस्नैः (vadhasnaíḥ)
with weapons
Stanza 5.41.14
आ दैव्या॑नि॒ पार्थि॑वानि॒ जन्मा॒पश्चाच्छा॒ सुम॑खाय वोचम् | वर्ध॑न्तां॒ द्यावो॒ गिर॑श्च॒न्द्राग्रा॑ उ॒दा व॑र्धन्ताम॒भिषा॑ता॒ अर्णाः॑ ||
ā́ daívyāni pā́rthivāni jánmāpáś cā́chā súmakhāya vocam várdhantāṁ dyā́vo gíraś candrā́grā udā́ vardhantām abhíṣātā árṇāḥ
I call upon the celestial and earthly beings and the waters for a pleasant feast. May the days with bright dawns increase our hymns, and may the victorious streams flow abundantly.
The seer invokes divine and earthly powers, as well as the waters, for a joyous feast. The prayer is for the days, with their beautiful dawns, to foster the hymns, and for the conquered waters and streams to increase and flow abundantly.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ दैव्यानि पार्थिवानि जन्मा ā́ daívyāni pā́rthivāni jánma (11 syllables)
- B. अपश्चा च अच्छा सु.मखाय वोचम् apáḥ ca ácha + súmakhāya vocam (11 syllables)
- C. वर्धन्तां द्यावः गिरः चन्द्राग्राः várdhantām dyā́vaḥ gíraḥ candrā́grāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. उदा वर्धन्ताम अभिषाताः अर्णः udā́ vardhantām abhíṣātāḥ árṇāḥ (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
hither
दैव्यानि (daívyāni)
celestial
पार्थिवानि (pā́rthivāni)
terrestrial
जन्मा (jánma)
generations, beings
अपश्चा (apáḥ)
waters
च (ca)
and
अच्छा (ácha +)
towards
सु.मखाय (súmakhāya)
for a pleasant feast
वोचम् (vocam)
may I speak
वर्धन्तां (várdhantām)
may they increase
द्यावः (dyā́vaḥ)
days
गिरः (gíraḥ)
songs, hymns
चन्द्राग्राः (candrā́grāḥ)
with bright dawns
उदा (udā́)
upwards
वर्धन्ताम (vardhantām)
may they increase
अभिषाताः (abhíṣātāḥ)
victorious, conquered
अर्णः (árṇāḥ)
streams, waters
Stanza 5.41.15
प॒देप॑दे मे जरि॒मा नि धा॑यि॒ वरू॑त्री वा श॒क्रा या पा॒युभि॑श्च | सिष॑क्तु मा॒ता म॒ही र॒सा नः॒ स्मत्सू॒रिभि॑र्ऋजु॒हस्त॑ ऋजु॒वनिः॑ ||
padé-pade me jarimā́ ní dhāyi várūtrī vā śakrā́ yā́ pāyúbhiś ca síṣaktu mātā́ mahī́ rasā́ naḥ smát sūríbhir r̥juhásta r̥juvániḥ
At every step my devotion is placed. May the powerful protectress, Varūtrī, with her helpers, be with us. May the great Mother, Rasa, be gracious to us, straight-handed, and well-disposed.
The seer declares that devotion has been offered at every step. They pray to Varutri (protectress) and Shakra (powerful one) to be present with their aids. They also invoke Matarishvan's wife, Rasa, to be benevolent and supportive, with straight hands, assisting them.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. पदेपदे मे जरिमा नि धायि padé-pade me jarimā́ ní dhāyi (11 syllables)
- B. वरूत्री वा शक्रा या पायुभिः च várūtrī vā śakrā́ yā́ pāyúbhiḥ ca (11 syllables)
- C. सिसक्तु माता मही रसा नः síṣaktu mātā́ mahī́ rasā́ naḥ (10 syllables)
- D. स्मत् सूरभिः ऋजुहस्ता ऋजुवनिः smát sūríbhiḥ r̥juhástā r̥juvániḥ (11 syllables)
पदेपदे (padé-pade)
at every step
मे (me)
my
जरिमा (jarimā́)
devotion, praise
नि (ní)
down, placed
धायि (dhāyi)
may it be placed
वरूत्री (várūtrī)
protectress
वा (vā)
or
शक्रा (śakrā́)
powerful one
या (yā́)
who
पायुभिः (pāyúbhiḥ)
with protectors, aids
च (ca)
and
सिसक्तु (síṣaktu)
may she be present, accompany
माता (mātā́)
mother
मही (mahī́)
great
रसा (rasā́)
Rasa (divine entity/river)
नः (naḥ)
us
स्मत् (smát)
with us
सूरभिः (sūríbhiḥ)
with princes, leaders
ऋजुहस्ता (r̥juhástā)
straight-handed
ऋजुवनिः (r̥juvániḥ)
straight-going, well-disposed
Stanza 5.41.16
क॒था दा॑शेम॒ नम॑सा सु॒दानू॑नेव॒या म॒रुतो॒ अच्छो॑क्तौ॒ प्रश्र॑वसो म॒रुतो॒ अच्छो॑क्तौ | मा नोऽहि॑र्बु॒ध्न्यो॑ रि॒षे धा॑द॒स्माकं॑ भूदुपमाति॒वनिः॑ ||
kathā́ dāśema námasā sudā́nūn evayā́ marúto áchoktau práśravaso marúto áchoktau mā́ nó 'hir budhnyò riṣé dhād asmā́kam bhūd upamātivániḥ
How shall we offer worship to the generous Maruts, the swift ones, the renowned ones? May the serpent Budhnya not cause us harm, and may a blessed protector be with us.
The seer asks how to serve the generous Maruts, who are swift and renowned. The plea is to avoid harm from the serpent Budhnya (associated with depths) and to gain the favor of a being who blesses with auspicious presence and support.
Meter: Pankti
- A. कथा दाशेम नमसा सुदानू kathā́ dāśema námasā sudā́nūn (11 syllables)
- B. एवया मरुतः अच्छोक्तौ evayā́ḥ marútaḥ áchoktau (11 syllables)
- C. प्रश्रवसो मरुतः अच्छोक्तौ práśravasaḥ marútaḥ áchoktau (11 syllables)
- D. मा नः अहिः बुध्न्यः रिषे धात् mā́ naḥ áhiḥ budhnyàḥ riṣé dhāt (11 syllables)
- E. अस्माकं भूत उपमातिवनिः asmā́kam bhūt upamātivániḥ (11 syllables)
कथा (kathā́)
how
दाशेम (dāśema)
may we serve
नमसा (námasā)
with worship
सुदानू (sudā́nūn)
generous ones
एवया (evayā́ḥ)
swiftly moving
मरुतः (marútaḥ)
O Maruts
अच्छोक्तौ (áchoktau)
in invocation
प्रश्रवसो (práśravasaḥ)
renowned
मरुतः (marútaḥ)
O Maruts
अच्छोक्तौ (áchoktau)
in invocation
मा (mā́)
not
नः (naḥ)
us
अहिः (áhiḥ)
serpent
बुध्न्यः (budhnyàḥ)
Budhnya (of the depths)
रिषे (riṣé)
to harm, affliction
धात् (dhāt)
may he place
अस्माकं (asmā́kam)
our
भूत (bhūt)
may he be
उपमातिवनिः (upamātivániḥ)
a blessed protector
Stanza 5.41.17
इति॑ चि॒न्नु प्र॒जायै॑ पशु॒मत्यै॒ देवा॑सो॒ वन॑ते॒ मर्त्यो॑ व॒ आ दे॑वासो वनते॒ मर्त्यो॑ वः | अत्रा॑ शि॒वां त॒न्वो॑ धा॒सिम॒स्या ज॒रां चि॑न्मे॒ निर्ऋ॑तिर्जग्रसीत ||
íti cin nú prajā́yai paśumátyai dévāso vánate mártyo va ā́ devāso vanate mártyo vaḥ átrā śivā́ṁ tanvò dhāsím asyā́ jarā́ṁ cin me nírr̥tir jagrasīta
Thinking thus, the mortal wins the favor of the gods for progeny and cattle. May the gods favor the mortal. May wholesome food be offered here. May old age consume me, not Nirriti.
The seer declares that by thinking thus, the mortal wins the favor of the gods, leading to increase in cattle and prosperity. However, the hymn ends with a plea for personal old age to be consumed by Nirriti (destruction, misfortune), suggesting a desire for a final release from worldly concerns.
Meter: Pankti
- A. इति चि नु प्रजाये पशुमत्यै íti cit nú prajā́yai paśumátyai (11 syllables)
- B. देवाचो वनते मर्त्यः वः dévāsaḥ vánate mártyaḥ vaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. आ देवासो वनते मर्त्यः वः ā́ devāsaḥ vanate mártyaḥ vaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अत्रा शिवा तन्वो धासिम अस्या átra + śivā́m tanvàḥ dhāsím asyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- E. जरां चि मे निर्ऋतिः जगरसीत jarā́m cit me nírr̥tiḥ jagrasīta (11 syllables)
इति (íti)
thus
चि (cit)
indeed
नु (nú)
now
प्रजाये (prajā́yai)
for progeny
पशुमत्यै (paśumátyai)
with cattle
देवाचो (dévāsaḥ)
O gods
वनते (vánate)
wins, obtains
मर्त्यः (mártyaḥ)
the mortal
वः (vaḥ)
you
आ (ā́)
hither
देवासो (devāsaḥ)
O gods
वनते (vanate)
wins, obtains
मर्त्यः (mártyaḥ)
the mortal
वः (vaḥ)
you
अत्रा (átra +)
here
शिवा (śivā́m)
auspicious, wholesome
तन्वो (tanvàḥ)
of the body
धासिम (dhāsím)
food, sustenance
अस्या (asyā́ḥ)
of this
जरां (jarā́m)
old age
चि (cit)
indeed
मे (me)
me
निर्ऋतिः (nírr̥tiḥ)
Nirriti (destruction)
जगरसीत (jagrasīta)
may she consume
Stanza 5.41.18
तां वो॑ देवाः सुम॒तिमू॒र्जय॑न्ती॒मिष॑मश्याम वसवः॒ शसा॒ गोः | सा नः॑ सु॒दानु॑र्मृ॒ळय॑न्ती दे॒वी प्रति॒ द्रव॑न्ती सुवि॒ताय॑ गम्याः ||
tā́ṁ vo devāḥ sumatím ūrjáyantīm íṣam aśyāma vasavaḥ śásā góḥ sā́ naḥ sudā́nur mr̥ḷáyantī devī́ práti drávantī suvitā́ya gamyāḥ
O gods, may we obtain your favor and life-sustaining food through the praise of the Cow. O Vasus, may that gracious goddess, who gives good gifts, approach us quickly for our well-being.
The seer prays to the Vasus and other gods for favorable disposition and life-sustaining food, symbolized by the Cow. The hymn invokes a benevolent, gracious goddess who approaches rapidly to bring well-being and prosperity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. तां वः देवाः सुमतिं ऊर्जयन्तीं tā́m vaḥ devāḥ sumatím ūrjáyantīm (11 syllables)
- B. इषं अश्याम वसवः शसा गोः íṣam aśyāma vasavaḥ śásā góḥ (11 syllables)
- C. सा नः सुदानुः मृळयन्ती देवी sā́ naḥ sudā́nuḥ mr̥ḷáyantī devī́ (12 syllables)
- D. प्रति द्रवन्ती सुविताय गम्याः práti drávantī suvitā́ya gamyāḥ (11 syllables)
तां (tā́m)
that
वः (vaḥ)
your
देवाः (devāḥ)
O gods
सुमतिं (sumatím)
good disposition, favor
ऊर्जयन्तीं (ūrjáyantīm)
strengthening
इषं (íṣam)
food
अश्याम (aśyāma)
may we obtain
वसवः (vasavaḥ)
O Vasus
शसा (śásā)
through praise
गोः (góḥ)
of the cow
सा (sā́)
she
नः (naḥ)
us
सुदानुः (sudā́nuḥ)
generous
मृळयन्ती (mr̥ḷáyantī)
gracious, benevolent
देवी (devī́)
goddess
प्रति (práti)
towards
द्रवन्ती (drávantī)
speeding, running
सुविताय (suvitā́ya)
for well-being
गम्याः (gamyāḥ)
may she come
Stanza 5.41.19
अ॒भि न॒ इळा॑ यू॒थस्य॑ मा॒ता स्मन्न॒दीभि॑रु॒र्वशी॑ वा गृणातु | उ॒र्वशी॑ वा बृहद्दि॒वा गृ॑णा॒नाभ्यू॑र्ण्वा॒ना प्र॑भृ॒थस्या॒योः ||
abhí na íḷā yūthásya mātā́ smán nadī́bhir urváśī vā gr̥ṇātu urváśī vā br̥haddivā́ gr̥ṇānā́bhyūrṇvānā́ prabhr̥thásyāyóḥ
May Ila, mother of the herd, and Urvashi, along with the rivers, accept us. May Urvashi, dwelling in the great sky, accepting the oblation, protect us.
The seer invokes Ila, the mother of herds, and the celestial Urvashi, along with the rivers, to accept their worship. The prayer is for Urvashi, dwelling in the sky, to partake in the offering and grant divine favor.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अभि नः इळा यूथस्य माता abhí naḥ íḷā yūthásya mātā́ (10 syllables)
- B. स्मत् नदीभिः उर्वशी वा गृणातु smát nadī́bhiḥ urváśī vā gr̥ṇātu (11 syllables)
- C. उर्वशी वा बृहद्दिवा गृणाना urváśī vā br̥haddivā́ gr̥ṇānā́ (11 syllables)
- D. अभ्यूर्णवाना प्रभृथस्य आयोः abhyūrṇvānā́ prabhr̥thásya āyóḥ (11 syllables)
अभि (abhí)
towards
नः (naḥ)
us
इळा (íḷā)
Ila (goddess of earth and nourishment)
यूथस्य (yūthásya)
of the herd
माता (mātā́)
mother
स्मत् (smát)
with us
नदीभिः (nadī́bhiḥ)
with rivers
उर्वशी (urváśī)
Urvashi
वा (vā)
or
गृणातु (gr̥ṇātu)
may she accept
उर्वशी (urváśī)
Urvashi
वा (vā)
or
बृहद्दिवा (br̥haddivā́)
of great heaven
गृणाना (gr̥ṇānā́)
accepting
अभ्यूर्णवाना (abhyūrṇvānā́)
enveloping, covering
प्रभृथस्य (prabhr̥thásya)
of the offering
आयोः (āyóḥ)
of life, vitality
Stanza 5.41.20
सिष॑क्तु न ऊर्ज॒व्य॑स्य पु॒ष्टेः ||
síṣaktu na ūrjavyàsya puṣṭéḥ
May the life-sustaining nourishment be with us.
A final, concise prayer invoking divine presence and support, specifically asking for the blessings associated with sustenance and abundance to be present.
Meter:
- A. सिसक्तु नः ऊर्जव्यस्य पुष्टेः síṣaktu naḥ ūrjavyàsya puṣṭéḥ (11 syllables)
सिसक्तु (síṣaktu)
may she be present, accompany
नः (naḥ)
us
ऊर्जव्यस्य (ūrjavyàsya)
of life-sustaining nourishment
पुष्टेः (puṣṭéḥ)
of prosperity, abundance