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Stanza 5.12.1
प्राग्नये॑ बृह॒ते य॒ज्ञिया॑य ऋ॒तस्य॒ वृष्णे॒ असु॑राय॒ मन्म॑ | घृ॒तं न य॒ज्ञ आ॒स्ये॒३॒॑ सुपू॑तं॒ गिरं॑ भरे वृष॒भाय॑ प्रती॒चीम् ||
prā́gnáye br̥haté yajñíyāya r̥tásya vŕ̥ṣṇe ásurāya mánma ghr̥táṁ ná yajñá āsyè súpūtaṁ gíram bhare vr̥ṣabhā́ya pratīcī́m
To Agni, the great and worshipful lord, the mighty Asura, the bull of Rta, I bring this hymn and song. I offer it like pure, clarified butter into his mouth during the sacrifice.
This verse is a prayer to Agni, the god of fire, recognizing his immense power and divine nature. The poet addresses Agni as a mighty, worship-worthy being, the sustainer of cosmic order (Rta), and a powerful entity (Asura). The prayer is offered like clarified butter (ghrita) into Agni's mouth during a sacrifice, signifying a pure and potent offering.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्रा अग्नये बृहते यज्ञियाय prá agnáye br̥haté yajñíyāya (11 syllables)
- B. ऋतस्य वृष्णे असुराय मन्म r̥tásya vŕ̥ṣṇe ásurāya mánma (11 syllables)
- C. घृतं न यज्ञे आस्ये सुपूतं ghr̥tám ná yajñé āsyè súpūtam (11 syllables)
- D. गिरं भरे वृषभाय प्रतीचीम् gíram bhare vr̥ṣabhā́ya pratīcī́m (11 syllables)
प्रा (prá)
indeed, forth
अग्नये (agnáye)
to Agni (the fire god)
बृहते (br̥haté)
to the great, vast
यज्ञियाय (yajñíyāya)
to the worthy of sacrifice
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order, truth
वृष्णे (vŕ̥ṣṇe)
to the strong, bull-like
असुराय (ásurāya)
to the powerful, divine lord
मन्म (mánma)
hymn, praise
घृतं (ghr̥tám)
clarified butter
न (ná)
as, like
यज्ञे (yajñé)
in the sacrifice
आस्ये (āsyè)
in the mouth
सुपूतं (súpūtam)
well-purified
गिरं (gíram)
song, speech
भरे (bhare)
I bring, I offer
वृषभाय (vr̥ṣabhā́ya)
to the bull, strong one
प्रतीचीम् (pratīcī́m)
directed towards
Stanza 5.12.2
ऋ॒तं चि॑कित्व ऋ॒तमिच्चि॑किद्ध्यृ॒तस्य॒ धारा॒ अनु॑ तृन्धि पू॒र्वीः | नाहं या॒तुं सह॑सा॒ न द्व॒येन॑ ऋ॒तं स॑पाम्यरु॒षस्य॒ वृष्णः॑ ||
r̥táṁ cikitva r̥tám íc cikiddhy r̥tásya dhā́rā ánu tr̥ndhi pūrvī́ḥ nā́háṁ yātúṁ sáhasā ná dvayéna r̥táṁ sapāmy aruṣásya vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ
You who understand Rta, understand Rta! May you spread the many streams of Rta. I do not serve a sorcerer (Yatu) through force or falsehood; I serve the Rta of the bright red bull (Agni).
This verse urges the listener, who understands the divine order (Rta), to recognize and uphold it. It speaks of the flowing streams of Rta and commands the listener to spread them. The speaker contrasts their own devotion to Rta with those who use deceit and force, stating they do not serve any destructive force (Yatu) through such means, but rather follow the Rta of the powerful Agni, described as a 'red bull'.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऋतं चिकित्वः ऋतं इच्चि चिक्रिद्धि r̥tám cikitvaḥ r̥tám ít cikiddhi (11 syllables)
- B. ऋतस्य धाराः अनु तृन्धि पूर्वींः r̥tásya dhā́rāḥ ánu tr̥ndhi pūrvī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. न अहं यातुं सहसा न द्वयेन ná ahám yātúm sáhasā ná dvayéna (11 syllables)
- D. ऋतं सपामि अरुषस्य वृष्णः r̥tám sapāmi aruṣásya vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ (11 syllables)
ऋतं (r̥tám)
cosmic order, truth
चिकित्वः (cikitvaḥ)
O you who know
ऋतं (r̥tám)
cosmic order, truth
इच्चि (ít)
indeed, also
चिक्रिद्धि (cikiddhi)
know, understand
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order, truth
धाराः (dhā́rāḥ)
streams
अनु (ánu)
along, following
तृन्धि (tr̥ndhi)
bore, spread, penetrate
पूर्वींः (pūrvī́ḥ)
many, abundant
न (ná)
nor
अहं (ahám)
I
यातुं (yātúm)
sorcerer, demon
सहसा (sáhasā)
by force, strength
न (ná)
nor
द्वयेन (dvayéna)
by deceit, duality
ऋतं (r̥tám)
cosmic order, truth
सपामि (sapāmi)
I serve, I worship
अरुषस्य (aruṣásya)
of the red, bright
वृष्णः (vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ)
of the bull, strong one
Stanza 5.12.3
कया॑ नो अग्न ऋ॒तय॑न्नृ॒तेन॒ भुवो॒ नवे॑दा उ॒चथ॑स्य॒ नव्यः॑ | वेदा॑ मे दे॒व ऋ॑तु॒पा ऋ॑तू॒नां नाहं पतिं॑ सनि॒तुर॒स्य रा॒यः ||
káyā no agna r̥táyann r̥téna bhúvo návedā ucáthasya návyaḥ védā me devá r̥tupā́ r̥tūnā́ṁ nā́hám pátiṁ sanitúr asya rāyáḥ
O Agni, how, by following Rta, did you become aware of this new hymn? The divine guardian of seasons knows me. I do not know any other lord than the one who attains this wealth.
The poet questions Agni, asking how, as a follower of cosmic order (Rta) and a participant in it, he has become aware of this new, radiant hymn. The poet then states that Agni, the divine guardian of seasons, knows him (the poet's devotion or path). However, the poet declares they do not seek another master but acknowledge Agni as the one who bestows wealth.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कया नः अग्ने ऋतयन्नृ ऋतेन káyā naḥ agne r̥táyan r̥téna (11 syllables)
- B. भुवो नवेदाः उचथस्य नव्यः bhúvaḥ návedāḥ ucáthasya návyaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. मे देव ऋतुपाः ऋतूनां véda + me deváḥ r̥tupā́ḥ r̥tūnā́m (11 syllables)
- D. न अहं पतिं स与तुः अस्य रायः ná ahám pátim sanitúḥ asyá rāyáḥ (11 syllables)
कया (káyā)
by what means, how
नः (naḥ)
of us
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
ऋतयन्नृ (r̥táyan)
following Rta, adhering to order
ऋतेन (r̥téna)
by cosmic order, truth
भुवो (bhúvaḥ)
did you become
नवेदाः (návedāḥ)
knower, possessor of knowledge
उचथस्य (ucáthasya)
of the hymn, praise
नव्यः (návyaḥ)
new, fresh
(véda +)
मे (me)
me
देव (deváḥ)
the god
ऋतुपाः (r̥tupā́ḥ)
guardian of seasons
ऋतूनां (r̥tūnā́m)
of the seasons
न (ná)
not
अहं (ahám)
I
पतिं (pátim)
lord, master
स与तुः (sanitúḥ)
of the achiever, gainer
अस्य (asyá)
of this
रायः (rāyáḥ)
of the wealth, treasure
Stanza 5.12.4
के ते॑ अग्ने रि॒पवे॒ बन्ध॑नासः॒ के पा॒यवः॑ सनिषन्त द्यु॒मन्तः॑ | के धा॒सिम॑ग्ने॒ अनृ॑तस्य पान्ति॒ क आस॑तो॒ वच॑सः सन्ति गो॒पाः ||
ké te agne ripáve bándhanāsaḥ ké pāyávaḥ saniṣanta dyumántaḥ ké dhāsím agne ánr̥tasya pānti ká ā́sato vácasaḥ santi gopā́ḥ
O Agni, who are the allies of your enemy? Who are the successful protectors? Who, O Agni, consume the offerings of falsehood? Who are the guardians of untruthful speech?
The poet questions Agni about those who oppose him or his path. He asks who are the allies (bandhanasaḥ) of his enemy (ripave), who are the protectors (payavah) that have achieved success, and who consume the 'food' of falsehood (anrta). He further inquires who are the guardians of deceitful speech.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. के ते अग्ने रिपवे बन्धनाः ké te agne ripáve bándhanāsaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. के पायवः सनिषन्त द्युमन्तः ké pāyávaḥ saniṣanta dyumántaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. के धासिं अग्ने अनृतस्य पान्ति ké dhāsím agne ánr̥tasya pānti (11 syllables)
- D. के आसतो वचसः सन्ति गोपाः ké ā́sataḥ vácasaḥ santi gopā́ḥ (11 syllables)
के (ké)
who
ते (te)
your
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
रिपवे (ripáve)
to the enemy
बन्धनाः (bándhanāsaḥ)
allies, binders
के (ké)
who
पायवः (pāyávaḥ)
protectors, guardians
सनिषन्त (saniṣanta)
may they win, achieve
द्युमन्तः (dyumántaḥ)
shining, brilliant
के (ké)
who
धासिं (dhāsím)
food, offering
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अनृतस्य (ánr̥tasya)
of falsehood, disorder
पान्ति (pānti)
they protect, guard
के (ké)
who
आसतो (ā́sataḥ)
of the untruth, falsehood
वचसः (vácasaḥ)
of the speech
सन्ति (santi)
they are
गोपाः (gopā́ḥ)
guardians, keepers
Stanza 5.12.5
सखा॑यस्ते॒ विषु॑णा अग्न ए॒ते शि॒वासः॒ सन्तो॒ अशि॑वा अभूवन् | अधू॑र्षत स्व॒यमे॒ते वचो॑भिर्ऋजूय॒ते वृ॑जि॒नानि॑ ब्रु॒वन्तः॑ ||
sákhāyas te víṣuṇā agna eté śivā́saḥ sánto áśivā abhūvan ádhūrṣata svayám eté vácobhir r̥jūyaté vr̥jinā́ni bruvántaḥ
O Agni, these friends of yours, who were once kind, have become unkind. They have harmed themselves with their own words, speaking falsely against the righteous.
The poet observes that Agni's former friends, who were once benevolent, have turned hostile and ungracious. These friends have harmed themselves through their own deceptive words, which they spoke against the righteous. This implies a turning away from Agni and the truth, leading to self-destruction.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सखायः ते विषुणाः अग्ने एते sákhāyaḥ te víṣuṇāḥ agne eté (11 syllables)
- B. शिवासः सन्तः अशिवाः अभूवन् śivā́saḥ sántaḥ áśivāḥ abhūvan (11 syllables)
- C. अधूर्षत स्वयमे एते वचोभिः ádhūrṣata svayám eté vácobhiḥ (11 syllables)
- D. ऋजूयते वृजिनानि ब्रुवन्तः r̥jūyaté vr̥jinā́ni bruvántaḥ (11 syllables)
सखायः (sákhāyaḥ)
friends
ते (te)
your
विषुणाः (víṣuṇāḥ)
separated, divergent
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
एते (eté)
these
शिवासः (śivā́saḥ)
kind, benevolent
सन्तः (sántaḥ)
being, having been
अशिवाः (áśivāḥ)
unkind, malevolent
अभूवन् (abhūvan)
they became
अधूर्षत (ádhūrṣata)
they harmed, afflicted
स्वयमे (svayám)
themselves
एते (eté)
these
वचोभिः (vácobhiḥ)
by speeches, words
ऋजूयते (r̥jūyaté)
to the righteous, upright
वृजिनानि (vr̥jinā́ni)
crookedness, sin
ब्रुवन्तः (bruvántaḥ)
speaking, saying
Stanza 5.12.6
यस्ते॑ अग्ने॒ नम॑सा य॒ज्ञमीट्ट॑ ऋ॒तं स पा॑त्यरु॒षस्य॒ वृष्णः॑ | तस्य॒ क्षयः॑ पृ॒थुरा सा॒धुरे॑तु प्र॒सर्स्रा॑णस्य॒ नहु॑षस्य॒ शेषः॑ ||
yás te agne námasā yajñám ī́ṭṭa r̥táṁ sá pāty aruṣásya vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ tásya kṣáyaḥ pr̥thúr ā́ sādhúr etu prasársrāṇasya náhuṣasya śéṣaḥ
He who honors your sacrifice, O Agni, with devotion, and upholds the Rta of the bright bull (Agni), may he have a wide, good dwelling. May the noble descendants of Nahusha, who moved about, come to him.
This verse describes the rewards for devotion to Agni. The one who reverently honors Agni and his sacrifice, and who upholds the cosmic order (Rta) of the powerful Agni, is promised a spacious and prosperous dwelling. The poet invokes the noble offspring of Nahusha, who once wandered, to come and bestow these blessings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. य ते अग्ने नमसा यज्ञं ईट्टे yáḥ te agne námasā yajñám ī́ṭṭe (11 syllables)
- B. ऋतं सपाति अरुषस्य वृष्णः r̥tám sápāti aruṣásya vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. तस्य क्षयः पृथुः आ साधुरे एतु tásya kṣáyaḥ pr̥thúḥ ā́ sādhúḥ etu (11 syllables)
- D. प्रसर्स्राणस्य नहुषस्य शेषः prasársrāṇasya náhuṣasya śéṣaḥ (11 syllables)
य (yáḥ)
he who
ते (te)
your
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
नमसा (námasā)
with reverence, homage
यज्ञं (yajñám)
the sacrifice
ईट्टे (ī́ṭṭe)
he honors, worships
ऋतं (r̥tám)
cosmic order, truth
सपाति (sápāti)
he upholds, serves
अरुषस्य (aruṣásya)
of the red, bright
वृष्णः (vŕ̥ṣṇaḥ)
of the bull, strong one
तस्य (tásya)
his
क्षयः (kṣáyaḥ)
dwelling, abode
पृथुः (pr̥thúḥ)
wide, spacious
आ (ā́)
unto, towards
साधुरे (sādhúḥ)
good, excellent
एतु (etu)
may it come
प्रसर्स्राणस्य (prasársrāṇasya)
moving about, advancing
नहुषस्य (náhuṣasya)
of Nahusha (a progenitor)
शेषः (śéṣaḥ)
offspring, remainder