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Stanza 4.9.1
अग्ने॑ मृ॒ळ म॒हाँ अ॑सि॒ य ई॒मा दे॑व॒युं जन॑म् | इ॒येथ॑ ब॒र्हिरा॒सद॑म् ||
ágne mr̥ḷá mahā́m̐ asi yá īm ā́ devayúṁ jánam iyétha barhír āsádam
O Agni, be gracious! You are great, you who have come to this worshipping people, to sit on the sacred grass.
The devotee addresses the fire god Agni, acknowledging his greatness and power. He invites Agni to be pleased and to take his rightful place on the sacred grass, implying Agni's divine presence and acceptance of the offerings.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अग्ने मृळ महाँ असि ágne mr̥ḷá mahā́n asi (9 syllables)
- B. यः ईमा आ देवाय जनम् yáḥ īm ā́ devayúm jánam (8 syllables)
- C. इयेथ बर्हिः आसादम् iyétha barhíḥ āsádam (8 syllables)
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni (fire god)
मृळ (mr̥ḷá)
be gracious, be pleased
महाँ (mahā́n)
great
असि (asi)
you are
यः (yáḥ)
who
ईमा (īm)
this (emphatic particle)
आ (ā́)
to
देवाय (devayúm)
worshipping, devoted to the gods
जनम् (jánam)
people, man
इयेथ (iyétha)
you have come
बर्हिः (barhíḥ)
sacred grass
आसादम् (āsádam)
to sit down
Stanza 4.9.2
स मानु॑षीषु दू॒ळभो॑ वि॒क्षु प्रा॒वीरम॑र्त्यः | दू॒तो विश्वे॑षां भुवत् ||
sá mā́nuṣīṣu dūḷábho vikṣú prāvī́r ámartyaḥ dūtó víśveṣām bhuvat
He, the immortal, who cannot be deceived, the zealous one, has become the messenger of all among humankind.
Agni is described as the immortal messenger of all beings, who is steadfast and not to be deceived. He is praised for his presence among humans, signifying his role as a divine intermediary and protector.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. स मानुषीषु दूळभो sá mā́nuṣīṣu dūḷábhaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. विक्षु प्रावीर अमर्त्यः vikṣú prāvī́ḥ ámartyaḥ (8 syllables)
- C. दूतः विश्वेषां भुवत् dūtáḥ víśveṣām bhuvat (8 syllables)
स (sá)
he
मानुषीषु (mā́nuṣīṣu)
among humans
दूळभो (dūḷábhaḥ)
difficult to deceive, steadfast
विक्षु (vikṣú)
among the people, in the settlements
प्रावीर (prāvī́ḥ)
zealous, active
अमर्त्यः (ámartyaḥ)
immortal
दूतः (dūtáḥ)
messenger
विश्वेषां (víśveṣām)
of all
भुवत् (bhuvat)
he became, he is
Stanza 4.9.3
स सद्म॒ परि॑ णीयते॒ होता॑ म॒न्द्रो दिवि॑ष्टिषु | उ॒त पोता॒ नि षी॑दति ||
sá sádma pári ṇīyate hótā mandró díviṣṭiṣu utá pótā ní ṣīdati
He, the joyous Hotri (priest), is led around the sacred seat at the heaven-aspiring sacrifices; and he also sits down as the Potri (priest).
The hymn describes Agni's movement and presence in the ritual. He is depicted as being led around the sacred space, serving as the primary priest (Hotri) during important heavenly sacrifices, and also taking his place as the Potri priest.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. स सद्म परि णीयते sá sádma pári nīyate (8 syllables)
- B. होता मन्द्रो दिविष्टिषु hótā mandráḥ díviṣṭiṣu (8 syllables)
- C. उत पोता नि सीदति utá pótā ní sīdati (8 syllables)
स (sá)
he
सद्म (sádma)
seat, abode, place
परि (pári)
around
णीयते (nīyate)
is led
होता (hótā)
Hotri (the invoking priest)
मन्द्रो (mandráḥ)
joyous, cheering
दिविष्टिषु (díviṣṭiṣu)
in sacrifices directed towards heaven
उत (utá)
and also
पोता (pótā)
Potri (a type of priest)
नि (ní)
down
सीदति (sīdati)
sits down
Stanza 4.9.4
उ॒त ग्ना अ॒ग्निर॑ध्व॒र उ॒तो गृ॒हप॑ति॒र्दमे॑ | उ॒त ब्र॒ह्मा नि षी॑दति ||
utá gnā́ agnír adhvará utó gr̥hápatir dáme utá brahmā́ ní ṣīdati
And Agni sits down as the wife (of the sacrificer) in the sacrifice, and as the master of the house in the home, and as the Brahman priest.
Agni's multifaceted role in the ritual is highlighted. He is present as the fire in the sacrifice, as the householder in the home, and as the Brahman priest performing sacred duties, showing his pervasive presence in all aspects of domestic and sacrificial life.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. उत ग्नाः अग्निः अध्वरे utá gnā́ḥ agníḥ adhvaré (8 syllables)
- B. उत उ गृहपतिः दमे utá u gr̥hápatiḥ dáme (8 syllables)
- C. उत ब्रह्मा नि सीदति utá brahmā́ ní sīdati (8 syllables)
उत (utá)
and
ग्नाः (gnā́ḥ)
wife (metaphorical role of Agni)
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
अध्वरे (adhvaré)
in the sacrifice
उत (utá)
and
उ (u)
and
गृहपतिः (gr̥hápatiḥ)
master of the house
दमे (dáme)
in the house
उत (utá)
and
ब्रह्मा (brahmā́)
Brahman priest
नि (ní)
down
सीदति (sīdati)
sits down
Stanza 4.9.5
वेषि॒ ह्य॑ध्वरीय॒तामु॑पव॒क्ता जना॑नाम् | ह॒व्या च॒ मानु॑षाणाम् ||
véṣi hy àdhvarīyatā́m upavaktā́ jánānām havyā́ ca mā́nuṣāṇām
Indeed, you approach zealously as the announcer for those who perform sacrifices, and as (one who receives) the offerings of humans.
Agni is praised for his eagerness to approach the worshippers. He is described as the guide and announcer for those performing sacrifices and as one who receives the offerings from humans.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. वेषि हि अध्वरीयतां véṣi hí adhvarīyatā́m (8 syllables)
- B. उपवक्ता जनानाम् upavaktā́ jánānām (8 syllables)
- C. हव्या च मानुषाणां havyā́ ca mā́nuṣāṇām (8 syllables)
वेषि (véṣi)
you approach, you go
हि (hí)
indeed, truly
अध्वरीयतां (adhvarīyatā́m)
of those performing the sacrifice
उपवक्ता (upavaktā́)
announcer, herald
जनानाम् (jánānām)
of the people
हव्या (havyā́)
offerings
च (ca)
and
मानुषाणां (mā́nuṣāṇām)
of humans
Stanza 4.9.6
वेषीद्व॑स्य दू॒त्यं१॒॑ यस्य॒ जुजो॑षो अध्व॒रम् | ह॒व्यं मर्त॑स्य॒ वोळ्ह॑वे ||
véṣī́d v asya dūtyàṁ yásya jújoṣo adhvarám havyám mártasya vóḷhave
You zealously perform the messenger's duty for him whose sacrifice you favor, to carry the mortal's offering.
The hymn continues to praise Agni's role as a divine messenger. He actively performs this duty for those whose sacrifices he favors, ensuring that human offerings are carried to the gods.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. वेषि इत् उ अस्य दूतयं véṣi ít u asya dūtyàm (8 syllables)
- B. यस्य जुजोष अध्वरं yásya jújoṣaḥ adhvarám (8 syllables)
- C. हव्यं मर्त्यस्य वोळ्हवे havyám mártasya vóḷhave (8 syllables)
वेषि (véṣi)
you go, you perform
इत् (ít)
particle
उ (u)
particle
अस्य (asya)
for him
दूतयं (dūtyàm)
messenger's duty
यस्य (yásya)
whose
जुजोष (jújoṣaḥ)
you favor, you approve
अध्वरं (adhvarám)
sacrifice
हव्यं (havyám)
offering
मर्त्यस्य (mártasya)
of the mortal, human
वोळ्हवे (vóḷhave)
to carry
Stanza 4.9.7
अ॒स्माकं॑ जोष्यध्व॒रम॒स्माकं॑ य॒ज्ञम॑ङ्गिरः | अ॒स्माकं॑ शृणुधी॒ हव॑म् ||
asmā́kaṁ joṣy adhvarám asmā́kaṁ yajñám aṅgiraḥ asmā́kaṁ śr̥ṇudhī hávam
Take pleasure in our sacrifice, O Angiras, take pleasure in our rite; listen to our call.
The worshippers make a direct appeal to Agni, invoking him as Angiras. They ask him to take pleasure in their sacrifice and rites, and to listen attentively to their call for divine favor and intervention.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. अस्माकं जोषि अध्वरं asmā́kam joṣi adhvarám (8 syllables)
- B. अस्माकं यज्ञं अङ्गिरः asmā́kam yajñám aṅgiraḥ (8 syllables)
- C. अस्माकं शृणुधी हवं asmā́kam śr̥ṇudhi + hávam (8 syllables)
अस्माकं (asmā́kam)
our
जोषि (joṣi)
take pleasure, be pleased
अध्वरं (adhvarám)
sacrifice, rite
अस्माकं (asmā́kam)
our
यज्ञं (yajñám)
sacrifice, oblation
अङ्गिरः (aṅgiraḥ)
O Angiras (a name/epithet of Agni)
अस्माकं (asmā́kam)
our
शृणुधी (śr̥ṇudhi +)
listen
हवं (hávam)
call, invocation
Stanza 4.9.8
परि॑ ते दू॒ळभो॒ रथो॒ऽस्माँ अ॑श्नोतु वि॒श्वतः॑ | येन॒ रक्ष॑सि दा॒शुषः॑ ||
pári te dūḷábho rátho 'smā́m̐ aśnotu viśvátaḥ yéna rákṣasi dāśúṣaḥ
May your inviolable chariot, by which you protect the worshippers, surround us from all sides.
The devotee prays for Agni's protection, asking his powerful and inviolable chariot to encompass them from all sides. This chariot represents Agni's divine strength and his ability to guard those who offer sacrifices.
Meter: Gayatri
- A. परि ते दूळभो रथः pári te dūḷábhaḥ ráthaḥ (8 syllables)
- B. अस्मान अश्नोतु विश्वतः asmā́n aśnotu viśvátas (8 syllables)
- C. येन रक्षसि दाशुषः yéna rákṣasi dāśúṣaḥ (8 syllables)
परि (pári)
around, surrounding
ते (te)
your
दूळभो (dūḷábhaḥ)
inviolable, not to be deceived
रथः (ráthaḥ)
chariot
अस्मान (asmā́n)
us
अश्नोतु (aśnotu)
may it reach, may it surround
विश्वतः (viśvátas)
from all sides, everywhere
येन (yéna)
by which
रक्षसि (rákṣasi)
you protect
दाशुषः (dāśúṣaḥ)
of the worshippers, givers (of offerings)