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Stanza 4.7.1
अ॒यमि॒ह प्र॑थ॒मो धा॑यि धा॒तृभि॒र्होता॒ यजि॑ष्ठो अध्व॒रेष्वीड्यः॑ | यमप्न॑वानो॒ भृग॑वो विरुरु॒चुर्वने॑षु चि॒त्रं वि॒भ्वं॑ वि॒शेवि॑शे ||
ayám ihá prathamó dhāyi dhātŕ̥bhir hótā yájiṣṭho adhvaréṣv ī́ḍyaḥ yám ápnavāno bhŕ̥gavo virurucúr váneṣu citráṁ vibhvàṁ viśé-viśe
Here, by the ordainers, Agni was first established as the Invoker, the best at worship, to be praised in sacrifices. Whom Apnavana and the Bhrigus made to shine with brilliant form, spreading to every home.
This stanza introduces Agni as the first and foremost deity, established by creators and divine officiants to be the Invoker and the most praiseworthy at sacrifices. He is depicted as shining brightly in the forests, reaching every household.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अ॒यम् इ॒ह प्रथ॒मः धा॑यि धा॒तृभिः ayám ihá prathamáḥ dhāyi dhātŕ̥bhiḥ (12 syllables)
- B. होता यजि॑ष्ठः अध्व॒रेषु ईड्यः hótā yájiṣṭhaḥ adhvaréṣu ī́ḍyaḥ (12 syllables)
- C. यम अप्न॑वानो भृग॑वो विरुरु॒चुः yám ápnavānaḥ bhŕ̥gavaḥ virurucúḥ (12 syllables)
- D. वने॑षु चित्रं विभ्वं विशे॑विशे váneṣu citrám vibhvàm viśé-viśe (12 syllables)
अ॒यम् (ayám)
this
इ॒ह (ihá)
here
प्रथ॒मः (prathamáḥ)
first
धा॑यि (dhāyi)
was established
धा॒तृभिः (dhātŕ̥bhiḥ)
by the ordainers/creators
होता (hótā)
Invoker (priest)
यजि॑ष्ठः (yájiṣṭhaḥ)
best at worship
अध्व॒रेषु (adhvaréṣu)
in sacrifices
ईड्यः (ī́ḍyaḥ)
to be praised
यम (yám)
whom
अप्न॑वानो (ápnavānaḥ)
Apnavana (a sage)
भृग॑वो (bhŕ̥gavaḥ)
the Bhrigus (a clan)
विरुरु॒चुः (virurucúḥ)
shone
वने॑षु (váneṣu)
in the forests
चित्रं (citrám)
brilliant, wondrous
विभ्वं (vibhvàm)
spreading
विशे॑विशे (viśé-viśe)
to every home/family
Stanza 4.7.2
अग्ने॑ क॒दा त॑ आनु॒षग्भुव॑द्दे॒वस्य॒ चेत॑नम् | अधा॒ हि त्वा॑ जगृभ्रि॒रे मर्ता॑सो वि॒क्ष्वीड्य॑म् ||
ágne kadā́ ta ānuṣág bhúvad devásya cétanam ádhā hí tvā jagr̥bhriré mártāso vikṣv ī́ḍyam
Agni! When will the divine intelligence/splendor of you appear in the right way? For indeed, mortals have seized you, who should be praised in the communities.
The stanza addresses Agni directly, questioning when his divine radiance will be clearly manifested. It acknowledges that mortals have already captured and hold onto him, recognizing his importance and worthiness of praise in their homes.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. अग्ने कदा त आनु॒षक् ágne kadā́ te ānuṣák (8 syllables)
- B. भुवद् देवस्य चेत॑नम् bhúvat devásya cétanam (8 syllables)
- C. हि त्वा जगृभ्रिरे ádha + hí tvā jagr̥bhriré (8 syllables)
- D. मर्तासो वि॒क्षु ईड्यम् mártāsaḥ vikṣú ī́ḍyam (8 syllables)
अग्ने (ágne)
O Agni
कदा (kadā́)
when
त (te)
of you
आनु॒षक् (ānuṣák)
in succession, properly
भुवद् (bhúvat)
will be
देवस्य (devásya)
of the god
चेत॑नम् (cétanam)
awareness, splendor
(ádha +)
हि (hí)
certainly
त्वा (tvā)
you
जगृभ्रिरे (jagr̥bhriré)
have seized
मर्तासो (mártāsaḥ)
mortals
वि॒क्षु (vikṣú)
in the communities/homes
ईड्यम् (ī́ḍyam)
worthy of praise
Stanza 4.7.3
ऋ॒तावा॑नं॒ विचे॑तसं॒ पश्य॑न्तो॒ द्यामि॑व॒ स्तृभिः॑ | विश्वे॑षामध्व॒राणां॑ हस्क॒र्तारं॒ दमे॑दमे ||
r̥tā́vānaṁ vícetasam páśyanto dyā́m iva stŕ̥bhiḥ víśveṣām adhvarā́ṇāṁ haskartā́raṁ dáme-dame
Seeing the righteous one, the wise one, like the heaven with stars, who brings joy to all sacrifices, in every home.
The stanza describes the mortals' perception of Agni. They see him as righteous and wise, comparing his radiant presence to the starry sky. They recognize him as the source of joy and the one who ensures the success of all sacrifices in every home.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. ऋ॒तावा॑न विचे॑तसं r̥tā́vānam vícetasam (8 syllables)
- B. पश्य॑न्तो द्या इव स्तृभिः páśyantaḥ dyā́m iva stŕ̥bhiḥ (8 syllables)
- C. विश्वे॑षाम् अध्व॒राणां víśveṣām adhvarā́ṇām (8 syllables)
- D. हस्कर्तारं दमे॑दमे haskartā́ram dáme-dame (8 syllables)
ऋ॒तावा॑न (r̥tā́vānam)
the righteous one (keeper of order)
विचे॑तसं (vícetasam)
the wise, all-knowing
पश्य॑न्तो (páśyantaḥ)
seeing
द्या (dyā́m)
the sky
इव (iva)
like
स्तृभिः (stŕ̥bhiḥ)
with stars
विश्वे॑षाम् (víśveṣām)
of all
अध्व॒राणां (adhvarā́ṇām)
of the sacrifices
हस्कर्तारं (haskartā́ram)
the producer of joy/delight
दमे॑दमे (dáme-dame)
in every home
Stanza 4.7.4
आ॒शुं दू॒तं वि॒वस्व॑तो॒ विश्वा॒ यश्च॑र्ष॒णीर॒भि | आ ज॑भ्रुः के॒तुमा॒यवो॒ भृग॑वाणं वि॒शेवि॑शे ||
āśúṁ dūtáṁ vivásvato víśvā yáś carṣaṇī́r abhí ā́ jabhruḥ ketúm āyávo bhŕ̥gavāṇaṁ viśé-viśe
The swift messenger of Vivasvat, who rules over all human communities: Him the Ayus have brought forth, the brilliant one, belonging to the Bhrigus, to every home.
Agni is described as the swift messenger of Vivasvat (the sun or sky-god), who presides over all humanity. The hymn states that humans, specifically the Ayus, have welcomed him as a brilliant symbol, associated with the Bhrigus, and present in every home.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. आ॒शुं दू॒तं विवस्व॑तः āśúm dūtám vivásvataḥ (8 syllables)
- B. विश्वा यः अ॒भि víśvāḥ yáḥ carṣaṇī́ḥ abhí (8 syllables)
- C. आ जभ्रुः के॒तुमा आयवो ā́ jabhruḥ ketúm āyávaḥ (8 syllables)
- D. भृग॑वाण विशे॑विशे bhŕ̥gavāṇam viśé-viśe (8 syllables)
आ॒शुं (āśúm)
swift
दू॒तं (dūtám)
messenger
विवस्व॑तः (vivásvataḥ)
of Vivasvat (sun/sky god)
विश्वा (víśvāḥ)
all
यः (yáḥ)
who
(carṣaṇī́ḥ)
अ॒भि (abhí)
towards
आ (ā́)
towards
जभ्रुः (jabhruḥ)
brought forth, carried
के॒तुमा (ketúm)
brilliant banner/sign
आयवो (āyávaḥ)
the Ayus (a people)
भृग॑वाण (bhŕ̥gavāṇam)
belonging to the Bhrigus
विशे॑विशे (viśé-viśe)
to every home/family
Stanza 4.7.5
तमीं॒ होता॑रमानु॒षक्चि॑कि॒त्वांसं॒ नि षे॑दिरे | र॒ण्वं पा॑व॒कशो॑चिषं॒ यजि॑ष्ठं स॒प्त धाम॑भिः ||
tám īṁ hótāram ānuṣák cikitvā́ṁsaṁ ní ṣedire raṇvám pāvakáśociṣaṁ yájiṣṭhaṁ saptá dhā́mabhiḥ
Him, the knowing one, they have set down properly as the Hotri (invoking priest), the joyful one with his purifying flames, the best sacrificer with his seven powers.
The hymn describes the placement of Agni. The wise priests have installed him as the Hotri (invoking priest) in a fitting manner. He is joyful, possesses purifying flames, is the best worshipper, and is equipped with seven powers or forms.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. त ईं होतार आनु॒षक् tám īm hótāram ānuṣák (8 syllables)
- B. चि॒कित्वा॒ंसं नि षेदिर cikitvā́ṃsam ní sedire (8 syllables)
- C. रण्वं पाव॒कशो॑ षं raṇvám pāvakáśociṣam (8 syllables)
- D. यजि॑ष्ठ सप्त धाम॑भिः yájiṣṭham saptá dhā́mabhiḥ (8 syllables)
त (tám)
him
ईं (īm)
indeed
होतार (hótāram)
the invoking priest
आनु॒षक् (ānuṣák)
properly, in succession
चि॒कित्वा॒ंसं (cikitvā́ṃsam)
the knowing one
नि (ní)
down
षेदिर (sedire)
they have placed/sat
रण्वं (raṇvám)
joyful, delightful
पाव॒कशो॑ षं (pāvakáśociṣam)
with purifying flames
यजि॑ष्ठ (yájiṣṭham)
the best sacrificer
सप्त (saptá)
seven
धाम॑भिः (dhā́mabhiḥ)
with powers/seats/forms
Stanza 4.7.6
तं शश्व॑तीषु मा॒तृषु॒ वन॒ आ वी॒तमश्रि॑तम् | चि॒त्रं सन्तं॒ गुहा॑ हि॒तं सु॒वेदं॑ कूचिद॒र्थिन॑म् ||
táṁ śáśvatīṣu mātŕ̥ṣu vána ā́ vītám áśritam citráṁ sántaṁ gúhā hitáṁ suvédaṁ kūcidarthínam
Him who is among the eternal mothers, in the forest, not resting, brilliant, hidden in secret places, well-found, and sought by the needy.
Agni is described as being with his 'eternal mothers' (perhaps the hearth-wood or cosmic elements) and in the forest, yet not fully resting or revealed. He is brilliant, hidden in secret places, and easy to find for those who are needy or seeking him.
Meter: Anushtubh
- A. त शश्व॑तीषु मा॒तृषु tám śáśvatīṣu mātŕ̥ṣu (8 syllables)
- B. व॒ने आ वी॒त अश्रि॑त váne ā́ vītám áśritam (8 syllables)
- C. चित्रं सन्त गुहा हि॒तं citrám sántam gúhā hitám (8 syllables)
- D. सु॒वेदं कूचिद॒र्थिन॑म् suvédam kūcidarthínam (8 syllables)
त (tám)
him
शश्व॑तीषु (śáśvatīṣu)
eternal
मा॒तृषु (mātŕ̥ṣu)
mothers
व॒ने (váne)
in the forest
आ (ā́)
in
वी॒त (vītám)
spread, pervaded
अश्रि॑त (áśritam)
not resting, not dependent
चित्रं (citrám)
brilliant, diverse
सन्त (sántam)
being
गुहा (gúhā)
in secret
हि॒तं (hitám)
placed, hidden
सु॒वेदं (suvédam)
well-found, easily discovered
कूचिद॒र्थिन॑म् (kūcidarthínam)
the needy, the seeker
Stanza 4.7.7
स॒सस्य॒ यद्वियु॑ता॒ सस्मि॒न्नूध॑न्नृ॒तस्य॒ धाम॑न्र॒णय॑न्त दे॒वाः | म॒हाँ अ॒ग्निर्नम॑सा रा॒तह॑व्यो॒ वेर॑ध्व॒राय॒ सद॒मिदृ॒तावा॑ ||
sasásya yád víyutā sásminn ū́dhann r̥tásya dhā́man raṇáyanta devā́ḥ mahā́m̐ agnír námasā rātáhavyo vér adhvarā́ya sádam íd r̥tā́vā
When the gods rejoiced in the seat of order (Rta), in that place, in the udder (of nourishment), the great Agni, to whom offerings are made with adoration, the righteous one, always approaches eagerly for the sake of sacrifice.
This stanza speaks of the gods rejoicing when Agni is present in the 'udder of nourishment' (earthly realm or fertile ground) and in the seat of cosmic order (Rta). The great Agni, who is offered reverence and oblations, always moves towards sacrifice as the faithful one.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. स॒सस्य य वि॒युता सस्मि॒न्नूध॑न्नृ ऊध॑न् sasásya yát víyutā sásmin ū́dhan (11 syllables)
- B. ऋ॒तस्य धाम॑न् रणय॑न्त देवाः r̥tásya dhā́man raṇáyanta devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. म॒हाँ अ॒ग्निः नम॑सा रा॒तह॑व्यो mahā́n agníḥ námasā rātáhavyaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. वे अध्व॒राय सद इत् ऋ॒तावा véḥ adhvarā́ya sádam ít r̥tā́vā (11 syllables)
स॒सस्य (sasásya)
of the nourishment/food
य (yát)
when
वि॒युता (víyutā)
in the place/dwelling
सस्मि॒न्नूध॑न्नृ (sásmin)
in that
ऊध॑न् (ū́dhan)
udder (source of nourishment)
ऋ॒तस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order
धाम॑न् (dhā́man)
in the seat/foundation
रणय॑न्त (raṇáyanta)
rejoiced, made joyful
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
the gods
म॒हाँ (mahā́n)
great
अ॒ग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
नम॑सा (námasā)
with reverence/adoration
रा॒तह॑व्यो (rātáhavyaḥ)
to whom offerings are made
वे (véḥ)
you move/go
अध्व॒राय (adhvarā́ya)
towards the sacrifice
सद (sádam)
always
इत् (ít)
indeed
ऋ॒तावा (r̥tā́vā)
faithful to order, righteous
Stanza 4.7.8
वेर॑ध्व॒रस्य॑ दू॒त्या॑नि वि॒द्वानु॒भे अ॒न्ता रोद॑सी संचिकि॒त्वान् | दू॒त ई॑यसे प्र॒दिव॑ उरा॒णो वि॒दुष्ट॑रो दि॒व आ॒रोध॑नानि ||
vér adhvarásya dūtyāā̀ni vidvā́n ubhé antā́ ródasī saṁcikitvā́n dūtá īyase pradíva urāṇó vidúṣṭaro divá āródhanāni
You, knowing both ends (worlds), perform the messenger duties of the sacrifice. You go as a messenger from ancient times, knowing best the ascents to heaven.
The stanza addresses Agni as a divine messenger, proficient in the duties of sacrifices spanning both the earthly and heavenly realms. He is described as having been active since ancient times, knowing the highest celestial regions, and being the most knowledgeable.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. वे अध्व॒रस्य दूत्या॑नि वि॒द्वान् véḥ adhvarásya dūtyā̀ni vidvā́n (11 syllables)
- B. उ॒भे अ॒न्त रोद॑सी संचि॒कित्वा॒न् ubhé antár ródasī saṃcikitvā́n (11 syllables)
- C. दू॒तः ईयसे प्र॒दि॑वः उ॒रा॒णः dūtáḥ īyase pradívaḥ urāṇáḥ (11 syllables)
- D. वि॒दुष्ट॑रो दि॒व आ॒रोध॑नानि vidúṣṭaraḥ diváḥ āródhanāni (11 syllables)
वे (véḥ)
you go/perform
अध्व॒रस्य (adhvarásya)
of the sacrifice
दूत्या॑नि (dūtyā̀ni)
messenger duties
वि॒द्वान् (vidvā́n)
knowing
उ॒भे (ubhé)
both
अ॒न्त (antár)
between
रोद॑सी (ródasī)
earth and sky (two worlds)
संचि॒कित्वा॒न् (saṃcikitvā́n)
knowing fully
दू॒तः (dūtáḥ)
messenger
ईयसे (īyase)
you go/move
प्र॒दि॑वः (pradívaḥ)
from ancient times
उ॒रा॒णः (urāṇáḥ)
eagerly, willingly
वि॒दुष्ट॑रो (vidúṣṭaraḥ)
most knowing
दि॒व (diváḥ)
of the sky
आ॒रोध॑नानि (āródhanāni)
ascents, highest places
Stanza 4.7.9
कृ॒ष्णं त॒ एम॒ रुश॑तः पु॒रो भाश्च॑रि॒ष्ण्व१॒॑र्चिर्वपु॑षा॒मिदेक॑म् | यदप्र॑वीता॒ दध॑ते ह॒ गर्भं॑ स॒द्यश्चि॑ज्जा॒तो भव॒सीदु॑ दू॒तः ||
kr̥ṣṇáṁ ta éma rúśataḥ puró bhā́ś cariṣṇv àrcír vápuṣām íd ékam yád ápravītā dádhate ha gárbhaṁ sadyáś cij jātó bhávasī́d u dūtáḥ
Your path is dark. Light is before you, the red one. Your moving radiance is unique. When the virgin conceives you as the child, you become a messenger, even as soon as you are born.
This stanza describes Agni's path as dark, yet with brilliant light preceding him. His moving radiance is considered a unique wonder. It's stated that even when conceived by a virgin, or immediately after birth, he functions as a messenger.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कृ॒ष्णं त एम रुश॑तः पु॒र भाश्च॑रि kr̥ṣṇám te éma rúśataḥ purás bhā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. ष्णु अ॒र्चिर्वपु॑षा मि॒देक॑म् इ एक cariṣṇú arcíḥ vápuṣām ít ékam (11 syllables)
- C. य अप्र॑वीता दध॑ते ह गर्भं yát ápravītā dádhate ha gárbham (11 syllables)
- D. सद्यो चि जा॒त भव॒सीदु इ उ दू॒तः sadyás cit jātáḥ bhávasi ít u dūtáḥ (11 syllables)
कृ॒ष्णं (kr̥ṣṇám)
dark
त (te)
your
एम (éma)
path, moving
रुश॑तः (rúśataḥ)
red, shining
पु॒र (purás)
before
भाश्च॑रि (bhā́ḥ)
light, radiance
ष्णु (cariṣṇú)
moving
अ॒र्चिर्वपु॑षा (arcíḥ)
flame, radiance
मि॒देक॑म् (vápuṣām)
of forms/appearances
इ (ít)
indeed
एक (ékam)
one, unique
य (yát)
when
अप्र॑वीता (ápravītā)
unimpregnated, virgin
दध॑ते (dádhate)
conceives, holds
ह (ha)
indeed
गर्भं (gárbham)
child, embryo
सद्यो (sadyás)
immediately
चि (cit)
even
जा॒त (jātáḥ)
born
भव॒सीदु (bhávasi)
you become
इ (ít)
indeed
उ (u)
and
दू॒तः (dūtáḥ)
messenger
Stanza 4.7.10
स॒द्यो जा॒तस्य॒ ददृ॑शान॒मोजो॒ यद॑स्य॒ वातो॑ अनु॒वाति॑ शो॒चिः | वृ॒णक्ति॑ ति॒ग्माम॑त॒सेषु॑ जि॒ह्वां स्थि॒रा चि॒दन्ना॑ दयते॒ वि जम्भैः॑ ||
sadyó jātásya dádr̥śānam ójo yád asya vā́to anuvā́ti śocíḥ vr̥ṇákti tigmā́m ataséṣu jihvā́ṁ sthirā́ cid ánnā dayate ví jámbhaiḥ
As soon as he is born, his strength is apparent, when the wind blows upon his flame. He turns his sharp tongue among the dry brushwood. Even solid food he tears to pieces with his teeth.
Even as a newborn, Agni's power is evident, especially when the wind fans his flames. His sharp tongue devours dry brushwood, and with his powerful 'teeth' (flames), he consumes even solid fuel.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सद्यो जा॒तस्य ददृ॑शान sadyás jātásya dádr̥śānam ójaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. य अस्य वातो अनु॒वाति शो॒चिः yát asya vā́taḥ anuvā́ti śocíḥ (11 syllables)
- C. वृ॒णक्ति ति॒ग्माम अत॒सेषु जि॒ह्वां vr̥ṇákti tigmā́m ataséṣu jihvā́m (11 syllables)
- D. स्थि॒रा चि अन्ना दयते वि जम्भैः sthirā́ cit ánnā dayate ví jámbhaiḥ (11 syllables)
सद्यो (sadyás)
as soon as
जा॒तस्य (jātásya)
of the one born
ददृ॑शान (dádr̥śānam)
apparent, visible
(ójaḥ)
य (yát)
when
अस्य (asya)
his
वातो (vā́taḥ)
wind
अनु॒वाति (anuvā́ti)
blows along
शो॒चिः (śocíḥ)
flame, brilliance
वृ॒णक्ति (vr̥ṇákti)
he turns, directs
ति॒ग्माम (tigmā́m)
sharp
अत॒सेषु (ataséṣu)
among the dry brushwood
जि॒ह्वां (jihvā́m)
tongue
स्थि॒रा (sthirā́)
solid
चि (cit)
even
अन्ना (ánnā)
food
दयते (dayate)
he tears apart, consumes
वि (ví)
apart
जम्भैः (jámbhaiḥ)
with teeth
Stanza 4.7.11
तृ॒षु यदन्ना॑ तृ॒षुणा॑ व॒वक्ष॑ तृ॒षुं दू॒तं कृ॑णुते य॒ह्वो अ॒ग्निः | वात॑स्य मे॒ळिं स॑चते नि॒जूर्व॑न्ना॒शुं न वा॑जयते हि॒न्वे अर्वा॑ ||
tr̥ṣú yád ánnā tr̥ṣúṇā vavákṣa tr̥ṣúṁ dūtáṁ kr̥ṇute yahvó agníḥ vā́tasya meḷíṁ sacate nijū́rvann āśúṁ ná vājayate hinvé árvā
When he thirstily has grown strong by thirsty food, restless Agni makes himself a swift messenger. Consuming (the wood) he follows the wind's path, driving forward like a swift horse.
When Agni has consumed food (fuel) with his intense thirst (desire for fuel), he becomes a swift messenger. He follows the wind's path, consuming the fuel, and energetically drives forward like a swift horse.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. तृ॒षु य अन्ना तृ॒षुणा ववक्ष tr̥ṣú yát ánnā tr̥ṣúṇā vavákṣa (11 syllables)
- B. तृ॒ दूतं कृणुते य॒ह्वो अ॒ग्निः tr̥ṣúm dūtám kr̥ṇute yahváḥ agníḥ (11 syllables)
- C. वात मे॒ळिं सचते नि॒जूर्व॑न्ना vā́tasya meḷím sacate nijū́rvan (11 syllables)
- D. आ॒शुं न वाजयते हि॒न्वे अ॒र्वा āśúm ná vājayate hinvé árvā (11 syllables)
तृ॒षु (tr̥ṣú)
thirsty
य (yát)
when
अन्ना (ánnā)
food (fuel)
तृ॒षुणा (tr̥ṣúṇā)
with thirst/desire
ववक्ष (vavákṣa)
has carried, has grown strong
तृ॒ (tr̥ṣúm)
thirsty, swift
दूतं (dūtám)
messenger
कृणुते (kr̥ṇute)
makes himself
य॒ह्वो (yahváḥ)
restless, mighty
अ॒ग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni
वात (vā́tasya)
of the wind
मे॒ळिं (meḷím)
path, course
सचते (sacate)
follows, joins
नि॒जूर्व॑न्ना (nijū́rvan)
consuming
आ॒शुं (āśúm)
swift
न (ná)
like
वाजयते (vājayate)
speeds, moves quickly
हि॒न्वे (hinvé)
he drives
अ॒र्वा (árvā)
horse, racer