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Stanza 4.54.1
अभू॑द्दे॒वः स॑वि॒ता वन्द्यो॒ नु न॑ इ॒दानी॒मह्न॑ उप॒वाच्यो॒ नृभिः॑ | वि यो रत्ना॒ भज॑ति मान॒वेभ्यः॒ श्रेष्ठं॑ नो॒ अत्र॒ द्रवि॑णं॒ यथा॒ दध॑त् ||
ábhūd deváḥ savitā́ vándyo nú na idā́nīm áhna upavā́cyo nŕ̥bhiḥ ví yó rátnā bhájati mānavébhyaḥ śréṣṭhaṁ no átra dráviṇaṁ yáthā dádhat
The divine Savitar has become worthy of praise, now and for us today, to be invoked by men. He who distributes treasures to humankind, may he bestow upon us here the most excellent wealth.
This verse celebrates Savitar, the divine stimulator, as worthy of praise and worship. It emphasizes that at the beginning of the day, humans should invoke him, as he is the bestower of wealth and prosperity. The stanza highlights Savitar's role in distributing excellent riches to humanity, implying a hopeful request for such blessings.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अभूत् देवः सविता वन्द्यः नु नः ábhūt deváḥ savitā́ vándyaḥ nú naḥ (12 syllables)
- B. इदानीम् अह्नः उपवाच्यः नृभिः idā́nīm áhnaḥ upavā́cyaḥ nŕ̥bhiḥ (12 syllables)
- C. वि यः रत्ना भजति मानवेभ्यः ví yáḥ rátnā bhájati mānavébhyaḥ (12 syllables)
- D. श्रेष्ठम् नः अत्र द्रविणं यथा दधत् śréṣṭham naḥ átra dráviṇam yáthā dádhat (12 syllables)
अभूत् (ábhūt)
has become
देवः (deváḥ)
divine
सविता (savitā́)
Savitar (the stimulator/sun god)
वन्द्यः (vándyaḥ)
worthy of praise
नु (nú)
now
नः (naḥ)
upon us
इदानीम् (idā́nīm)
today
अह्नः (áhnaḥ)
of the day
उपवाच्यः (upavā́cyaḥ)
to be invoked
नृभिः (nŕ̥bhiḥ)
by men
वि (ví)
apart
यः (yáḥ)
who
रत्ना (rátnā)
treasures
भजति (bhájati)
distributes
मानवेभ्यः (mānavébhyaḥ)
to humankind
श्रेष्ठम् (śréṣṭham)
most excellent
नः (naḥ)
upon us
अत्र (átra)
here
द्रविणं (dráviṇam)
wealth
यथा (yáthā)
may
दधत् (dádhat)
bestow
Stanza 4.54.2
दे॒वेभ्यो॒ हि प्र॑थ॒मं य॒ज्ञिये॑भ्योऽमृत॒त्वं सु॒वसि॑ भा॒गमु॑त्त॒मम् | आदिद्दा॒मानं॑ सवित॒र्व्यू॑र्णुषेऽनूची॒ना जी॑वि॒ता मानु॑षेभ्यः ||
devébhyo hí prathamáṁ yajñíyebhyo 'mr̥tatváṁ suvási bhāgám uttamám ā́d íd dāmā́naṁ savitar vy ūā̀rṇuṣe 'nūcīnā́ jīvitā́ mā́nuṣebhyaḥ
Indeed, you first produce the highest portion, immortality, for the gods who are to be worshipped. Then, Savitar, you open the way as a gift, [leading to] life upon life for humans.
This verse describes Savitar's primeval action of bestowing immortality and the highest portion upon the gods. It then transitions to his role in opening up existence and life for humans, suggesting a continuous and life-giving influence on both divine and mortal realms.
Meter: Jagati
- A. देवेभ्यः हि प्रथमम् यज्ञियेभ्यः devébhyaḥ hí prathamám yajñíyebhyaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. अमृतत्वम् भागम् उत्तमम् amr̥tatvám suvási bhāgám uttamám (12 syllables)
- C. आत् इत् दामानम् सवितर वि ऊर्णुषे ā́t ít dāmā́nam savitar ví ūrṇuṣe (12 syllables)
- D. अनूचीना जीविता मानुшеभ्यः anūcīnā́ jīvitā́ mā́nuṣebhyaḥ (12 syllables)
देवेभ्यः (devébhyaḥ)
for the gods
हि (hí)
indeed
प्रथमम् (prathamám)
first
यज्ञियेभ्यः (yajñíyebhyaḥ)
who are to be worshipped
अमृतत्वम् (amr̥tatvám)
immortality
(suvási)
भागम् (bhāgám)
portion
उत्तमम् (uttamám)
highest
आत् (ā́t)
then
इत् (ít)
indeed
दामानम् (dāmā́nam)
gift
सवितर (savitar)
O Savitar
वि (ví)
apart
ऊर्णुषे (ūrṇuṣe)
you open
अनूचीना (anūcīnā́)
continuous
जीविता (jīvitā́)
life upon life
मानुшеभ्यः (mā́nuṣebhyaḥ)
for humans
Stanza 4.54.3
अचि॑त्ती॒ यच्च॑कृ॒मा दैव्ये॒ जने॑ दी॒नैर्दक्षैः॒ प्रभू॑ती पूरुष॒त्वता॑ | दे॒वेषु॑ च सवित॒र्मानु॑षेषु च॒ त्वं नो॒ अत्र॑ सुवता॒दना॑गसः ||
ácittī yác cakr̥mā́ daívye jáne dīnaír dákṣaiḥ prábhūtī pūruṣatvátā devéṣu ca savitar mā́nuṣeṣu ca tváṁ no átra suvatād ánāgasaḥ
Whatever wrong we have done to the divine beings, O Savitar, through ignorance, through weakness, or through excess of power, may you, indeed, here make us free from guilt, among gods and among men.
This verse is a plea to Savitar for forgiveness of sins committed due to ignorance, weakness, or arrogance. The speaker acknowledges that humans, in their dealings with the divine and among themselves, may have erred. They ask Savitar to absolve them and protect them from wrongdoing, both in their relationship with the gods and with other humans.
Meter: Jagati
- A. अचि्त्ती यत् चकृमा दैव्ये जने ácittī yát cakr̥má + daívye jáne (12 syllables)
- B. दीनैः दक्षैः प्रभूती पपूरुषत्वता dīnaíḥ dákṣaiḥ prábhūtī pūruṣatvátā (12 syllables)
- C. देवेषु च सवितर मानुशेषु च devéṣu ca savitar mā́nuṣeṣu ca (12 syllables)
- D. त्वं नः अत्र सुवतात् अनागसः tvám naḥ átra suvatāt ánāgasaḥ (12 syllables)
अचि्त्ती (ácittī)
through ignorance
यत् (yát)
whatever
चकृमा (cakr̥má +)
we have done
दैव्ये (daívye)
divine
जने (jáne)
beings
दीनैः (dīnaíḥ)
through weakness
दक्षैः (dákṣaiḥ)
through strength/power
प्रभूती (prábhūtī)
through excess
पपूरुषत्वता (pūruṣatvátā)
through human power/arrogance
देवेषु (devéṣu)
among gods
च (ca)
and
सवितर (savitar)
O Savitar
मानुशेषु (mā́nuṣeṣu)
among men
च (ca)
and
त्वं (tvám)
you
नः (naḥ)
us
अत्र (átra)
here
सुवतात् (suvatāt)
may you make
अनागसः (ánāgasaḥ)
free from guilt
Stanza 4.54.4
न प्र॒मिये॑ सवि॒तुर्दैव्य॑स्य॒ तद्यथा॒ विश्वं॒ भुव॑नं धारयि॒ष्यति॑ | यत्पृ॑थि॒व्या वरि॑म॒न्ना स्व॑ङ्गु॒रिर्वर्ष्म॑न्दि॒वः सु॒वति॑ स॒त्यम॑स्य॒ तत् ||
ná pramíye savitúr daívyasya tád yáthā víśvam bhúvanaṁ dhārayiṣyáti yát pr̥thivyā́ várimann ā́ svaṅgurír várṣman diváḥ suváti satyám asya tát
The divine Savitar's power cannot be impeded, by which he will sustain the entire world. Whatever the fair-fingered one brings forth in the expanse of the earth or in the height of the sky, that is his truth and becomes effective.
This verse extols Savitar's irresistible and all-pervading power. It states that no one can obstruct the divine will of Savitar, who sustains the entire universe. The stanza emphasizes that whatever Savitar creates, whether on the vast earth or in the high heavens, is a steadfast and truthful manifestation of his power.
Meter: Jagati
- A. न प्रमिये सवितुः दैव्यस्य तत् ná pramíye savitúḥ daívyasya tát (12 syllables)
- B. यथा विश्वं भुवनं धारयिष्यति yáthā víśvam bhúvanam dhārayiṣyáti (12 syllables)
- C. यत् पृथिव्याः वरिमन् आ स्वङ्गुリः yát pr̥thivyā́ḥ váriman ā́ svaṅguríḥ (12 syllables)
- D. वर्ष्मन् दिवः सुवति सत्यं अस्य तत् várṣman diváḥ suváti satyám asya tát (12 syllables)
न (ná)
not
प्रमिये (pramíye)
impeded
सवितुः (savitúḥ)
of Savitar
दैव्यस्य (daívyasya)
divine
तत् (tát)
that
यथा (yáthā)
by which
विश्वं (víśvam)
entire
भुवनं (bhúvanam)
world
धारयिष्यति (dhārayiṣyáti)
he will sustain
यत् (yát)
whatever
पृथिव्याः (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
वरिमन् (váriman)
expanse
आ (ā́)
in
स्वङ्गुリः (svaṅguríḥ)
fair-fingered one
वर्ष्मन् (várṣman)
height
दिवः (diváḥ)
of the sky
सुवति (suváti)
he produces/makes effective
सत्यं (satyám)
truth
अस्य (asya)
his
तत् (tát)
that
Stanza 4.54.5
इन्द्र॑ज्येष्ठान्बृ॒हद्भ्यः॒ पर्व॑तेभ्यः॒ क्षयाँ॑ एभ्यः सुवसि प॒स्त्या॑वतः | यथा॑यथा प॒तय॑न्तो वियेमि॒र ए॒वैव त॑स्थुः सवितः स॒वाय॑ ते ||
índrajyeṣṭhān br̥hádbhyaḥ párvatebhyaḥ kṣáyām̐ ebhyaḥ suvasi pastyāā̀vataḥ yáthā-yathā patáyanto viyemirá evaívá tasthuḥ savitaḥ savā́ya te
You provide homes with residences for them, those who are chiefest, associated with Indra, from the great mountains. However they may fly apart and separate, so they stand, O Savitar, by your impulse.
This verse speaks of Savitar's power to provide stable abodes and settlements for beings, especially those associated with Indra and vast mountains. It suggests that regardless of how these beings might move or separate, they ultimately remain steadfast, obeying Savitar's commands and purpose.
Meter: Jagati
- A. इन्द्रज्येष्ठान् बृdecydभ्यः पर्वतेभ्यः índrajyeṣṭhān br̥hádbhyaḥ párvatebhyaḥ (12 syllables)
- B. क्षयान् एभ्यः सुवसि पस्त्यावतः kṣáyān ebhyaḥ suvasi pastyā̀vataḥ (12 syllables)
- C. यथा-यथा पतयन्तः वियेमिरे yáthā-yathā patáyantaḥ viyemiré (12 syllables)
- D. एव एव तस्थुः सवितर सवाय ते evá evá tasthuḥ savitar savā́ya te (12 syllables)
इन्द्रज्येष्ठान् (índrajyeṣṭhān)
chiefest, associated with Indra
बृdecydभ्यः (br̥hádbhyaḥ)
great
पर्वतेभ्यः (párvatebhyaḥ)
from mountains
क्षयान् (kṣáyān)
homes/residences
एभ्यः (ebhyaḥ)
for them
सुवसि (suvasi)
you provide/produce
पस्त्यावतः (pastyā̀vataḥ)
with residences
यथा-यथा (yáthā-yathā)
however
पतयन्तः (patáyantaḥ)
flying
वियेमिरे (viyemiré)
they separated
एव (evá)
so
एव (evá)
so
तस्थुः (tasthuḥ)
they stand
सवितर (savitar)
O Savitar
सवाय (savā́ya)
by impulse/command
ते (te)
your
Stanza 4.54.6
ये ते॒ त्रिरह॑न्त्सवितः स॒वासो॑ दि॒वेदि॑वे॒ सौभ॑गमासु॒वन्ति॑ | इन्द्रो॒ द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी सिन्धु॑र॒द्भिरा॑दि॒त्यैर्नो॒ अदि॑तिः॒ शर्म॑ यंसत् ||
yé te trír áhan savitaḥ savā́so divé-dive saúbhagam āsuvánti índro dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ síndhur adbhír ādityaír no áditiḥ śárma yaṁsat
May the libations, O Savitar, poured to you thrice daily, day after day, bring us good fortune. May Indra, Heaven and Earth, the Sindhu with the waters, Aditi with the Adityas, grant us protection.
This concluding verse invokes divine blessings for prosperity and protection. It asks that the offerings made to Savitar, repeated daily and thrice daily, bring good fortune. It also invokes other powerful deities – Indra, Heaven and Earth, the River Sindhu with the waters, and Aditi with the Adityas – to grant shelter and safety.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ये ते त्रिस् अहन् सवितर सवासः yé te trís áhan savitar savā́saḥ (11 syllables)
- B. दि Obwohl-दि Obwohl सौभगम् आसुवन्ति divé-dive saúbhagam āsuvánti (11 syllables)
- C. इन्द्रः द्यावापृथिवी सिन्धुः अद्भिः índraḥ dyā́vāpr̥thivī́ síndhuḥ adbhíḥ (11 syllables)
- D. आदित्यैः नः अदितिः शर्म यंस्त् ādityaíḥ naḥ áditiḥ śárma yaṃsat (11 syllables)
ये (yé)
may
ते (te)
to you
त्रिस् (trís)
thrice
अहन् (áhan)
daily
सवितर (savitar)
O Savitar
सवासः (savā́saḥ)
libations/offerings
दि Obwohl-दि Obwohl (divé-dive)
day after day
सौभगम् (saúbhagam)
good fortune
आसुवन्ति (āsuvánti)
they pour/bring forth
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
द्यावापृथिवी (dyā́vāpr̥thivī́)
Heaven and Earth
सिन्धुः (síndhuḥ)
Sindhu (river)
अद्भिः (adbhíḥ)
with the waters
आदित्यैः (ādityaíḥ)
with the Adityas
नः (naḥ)
us
अदितिः (áditiḥ)
Aditi
शर्म (śárma)
protection/shelter
यंस्त् (yaṃsat)
may grant