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Stanza 4.42.1
मम॑ द्वि॒ता रा॒ष्ट्रं क्ष॒त्रिय॑स्य वि॒श्वायो॒र्विश्वे॑ अ॒मृता॒ यथा॑ नः | क्रतुं॑ सचन्ते॒ वरु॑णस्य दे॒वा राजा॑मि कृ॒ष्टेरु॑प॒मस्य॑ व॒व्रेः ||
máma dvitā́ rāṣṭráṁ kṣatríyasya viśvā́yor víśve amŕ̥tā yáthā naḥ krátuṁ sacante váruṇasya devā́ rā́jāmi kr̥ṣṭér upamásya vavréḥ
Mine is the kingdom, the dominion belongs to the ruler. All immortal beings serve me, just as all the gods obey Varuna's will. I rule over humankind in the highest dwelling.
The speaker, claiming supreme authority, declares their rule and dominion over all beings, asserting that even the gods obey their command. This divine authority is presented as unparalleled, overseeing all of humanity and encompassing the highest spheres of existence.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मम द्विता राष्ट्रं क्षत्रियस्य máma dvitā́ rāṣṭrám kṣatríyasya (11 syllables)
- B. विश्व)योः विश्वे अमृताः यथा नः viśvā́yoḥ víśve amŕ̥tāḥ yáthā naḥ (11 syllables)
- C. क्रतुं सचन्ते वरुणस्य देवाः krátum sacante váruṇasya devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. राजाभि कृष्टेः उपमस्य वव्रेः rā́jāmi kr̥ṣṭéḥ upamásya vavréḥ (11 syllables)
मम (máma)
my
द्विता (dvitā́)
in two ways / doubly
राष्ट्रं (rāṣṭrám)
kingdom, dominion
क्षत्रियस्य (kṣatríyasya)
of the ruler
विश्व)योः (viśvā́yoḥ)
of all life
विश्वे (víśve)
all
अमृताः (amŕ̥tāḥ)
immortals
यथा (yáthā)
as
नः (naḥ)
us
क्रतुं (krátum)
will, intention
सचन्ते (sacante)
follow, obey
वरुणस्य (váruṇasya)
of Varuna
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
राजाभि (rā́jāmi)
I rule
कृष्टेः (kr̥ṣṭéḥ)
of humankind
उपमस्य (upamásya)
highest
वव्रेः (vavréḥ)
dwelling, covering
Stanza 4.42.2
अ॒हं राजा॒ वरु॑णो॒ मह्यं॒ तान्य॑सु॒र्या॑णि प्रथ॒मा धा॑रयन्त | क्रतुं॑ सचन्ते॒ वरु॑णस्य दे॒वा राजा॑मि कृ॒ष्टेरु॑प॒मस्य॑ व॒व्रेः ||
aháṁ rā́jā váruṇo máhyaṁ tā́ny asuryāā̀ṇi prathamā́ dhārayanta krátuṁ sacante váruṇasya devā́ rā́jāmi kr̥ṣṭér upamásya vavréḥ
I am King Varuṇa; to me were given these primal divine powers. The gods follow my will. I rule over humankind.
The speaker identifies as King Varuṇa, to whom primal divine powers were granted. The speaker reiterates that the gods follow their will and that they are the supreme ruler of humanity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अहं राजा वरुणः मह्यं तानि ahám rā́jā váruṇaḥ máhyam tā́ni (11 syllables)
- B. असुर्याणि प्रथमा धारयन्त asuryā̀ṇi prathamā́ dhārayanta (11 syllables)
- C. क्रतुं सचन्ते वरुणस्य देवाः krátum sacante váruṇasya devā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. राजाभि कृष्टेः उपमस्य वव्रेः rā́jāmi kr̥ṣṭéḥ upamásya vavréḥ (11 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
राजा (rā́jā)
king
वरुणः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna
मह्यं (máhyam)
to me
तानि (tā́ni)
those
असुर्याणि (asuryā̀ṇi)
divine powers
प्रथमा (prathamā́)
first, primal
धारयन्त (dhārayanta)
they held, they supported
क्रतुं (krátum)
will, intention
सचन्ते (sacante)
follow, obey
वरुणस्य (váruṇasya)
of Varuna
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
राजाभि (rā́jāmi)
I rule
कृष्टेः (kr̥ṣṭéḥ)
of humankind
उपमस्य (upamásya)
highest
वव्रेः (vavréḥ)
dwelling, covering
Stanza 4.42.3
अ॒हमिन्द्रो॒ वरु॑ण॒स्ते म॑हि॒त्वोर्वी ग॑भी॒रे रज॑सी सु॒मेके॑ | त्वष्टे॑व॒ विश्वा॒ भुव॑नानि वि॒द्वान्त्समै॑रयं॒ रोद॑सी धा॒रयं॑ च ||
ahám índro váruṇas té mahitvórvī́ gabhīré rájasī suméke tváṣṭeva víśvā bhúvanāni vidvā́n sám airayaṁ ródasī dhāráyaṁ ca
I am Indra, I am Varuṇa; through my greatness, these two vast and deep realms of space, fair in their parts, were established. Knowing all beings, like Tvaṣṭar, I have joined and sustained the two worlds.
The speaker identifies as both Indra and Varuṇa, stating they have established and hold together the vast and deep realms of existence with their greatness. Like Tvaṣṭar, they possess knowledge of all creations and have joined the two cosmic regions.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अहं इन्द्रः वरुणः ते महित्वा ahám índraḥ váruṇaḥ té mahitvā́ (11 syllables)
- B. उर्वी गभीरे रजसी सुमेके urvī́ gabhīré rájasī suméke (11 syllables)
- C. त्वष्टा इव विश्वा भुवनानि विद्वान् tváṣṭā iva víśvā bhúvanāni vidvā́n (11 syllables)
- D. समै ऐरयं रोदसी धारयं च sám airayam ródasī dhāráyam ca (11 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
वरुणः (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna
ते (té)
those
महित्वा (mahitvā́)
by greatness
उर्वी (urvī́)
wide, vast
गभीरे (gabhīré)
deep
रजसी (rájasī)
regions of space
सुमेके (suméke)
well-fashioned, beautiful
त्वष्टा (tváṣṭā)
Tvaṣṭar (the divine craftsman)
इव (iva)
like
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
भुवनानि (bhúvanāni)
beings, creations
विद्वान् (vidvā́n)
knowing
समै (sám)
together
ऐरयं (airayam)
I joined, I brought together
रोदसी (ródasī)
earth and sky, the two worlds
धारयं (dhāráyam)
I sustained, I held
च (ca)
and
Stanza 4.42.4
अ॒हम॒पो अ॑पिन्वमु॒क्षमा॑णा धा॒रयं॒ दिवं॒ सद॑न ऋ॒तस्य॑ | ऋ॒तेन॑ पु॒त्रो अदि॑तेर्ऋ॒तावो॒त त्रि॒धातु॑ प्रथय॒द्वि भूम॑ ||
ahám apó apinvam ukṣámāṇā dhāráyaṁ dívaṁ sádana r̥tásya r̥téna putró áditer r̥tā́votá tridhā́tu prathayad ví bhū́ma
I made the waters flow, and fixed the heaven in the seat of Order. By Order, the son of Aditi, observer of Order, has spread the world in threefold measure.
The speaker describes their divine actions, making the life-giving waters flow and establishing the heavens in their proper place. They emphasize that as the 'son of Aditi' and upholder of cosmic order, they have expanded the world in its three dimensions.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अहं अपो अपिन्वं उक्षमाणाः ahám apáḥ apinvam ukṣámāṇāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. धारयं दिवं सदने ऋतस्य dhāráyam dívam sádane r̥tásya (11 syllables)
- C. ऋतेन पुत्रो अदितेः ऋतावो r̥téna putráḥ áditeḥ r̥tā́vā (11 syllables)
- D. उत त्रिधातु प्रथयद् वि भूम utá tridhā́tu prathayat ví bhū́ma (11 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
अपो (apáḥ)
waters
अपिन्वं (apinvam)
I made to flow, I nourished
उक्षमाणाः (ukṣámāṇāḥ)
sprinkling, bestowing moisture
धारयं (dhāráyam)
I sustained, I supported
दिवं (dívam)
heaven
सदने (sádane)
in the abode, in the seat
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of cosmic order
ऋतेन (r̥téna)
by cosmic order
पुत्रो (putráḥ)
son
अदितेः (áditeḥ)
of Aditi (the infinite)
ऋतावो (r̥tā́vā)
upholder of order
उत (utá)
and
त्रिधातु (tridhā́tu)
in three measures, in three realms
प्रथयद् (prathayat)
he spread, he expanded
वि (ví)
apart, widely
भूम (bhū́ma)
world, expanse
Stanza 4.42.5
मां नरः॒ स्वश्वा॑ वा॒जय॑न्तो॒ मां वृ॒ताः स॒मर॑णे हवन्ते | कृ॒णोम्या॒जिं म॒घवा॒हमिन्द्र॒ इय॑र्मि रे॒णुम॒भिभू॑त्योजाः ||
mā́ṁ náraḥ sváśvā vājáyanto mā́ṁ vr̥tā́ḥ samáraṇe havante kr̥ṇómy ājím maghávāhám índra íyarmi reṇúm abhíbhūtyojāḥ
Heroes with fine horses, eager for wealth, and chosen warriors call on me in battle. I, Indra the generous, incite the contest; I stir the dust, mighty by surpassing strength.
The speaker, identifying as Indra the generous one, describes how heroes with swift horses and chosen warriors call upon them in battle. The speaker claims to instigate conflicts and stir up the dust, demonstrating their immense power.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मां नरः स्वश्वाः वाज॑यन्तो mā́m náraḥ sváśvāḥ vājáyantaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. मां वृताः समरणे हवन्ते mā́m vr̥tā́ḥ samáraṇe havante (11 syllables)
- C. कृणोमि आजं मघवा अहं इन्द्रः kr̥ṇómi ājím maghávā ahám índraḥ (11 syllables)
- D. इयर्मि रेणुं अभिभूत्योजाः íyarmi reṇúm abhíbhūtyojāḥ (11 syllables)
मां (mā́m)
me
नरः (náraḥ)
heroes, men
स्वश्वाः (sváśvāḥ)
with good horses
वाज॑यन्तो (vājáyantaḥ)
striving for victory/gain
मां (mā́m)
me
वृताः (vr̥tā́ḥ)
chosen, selected
समरणे (samáraṇe)
in battle, in combat
हवन्ते (havante)
they call
कृणोमि (kr̥ṇómi)
I make, I create
आजं (ājím)
contest, battle
मघवा (maghávā)
generous, wealthy
अहं (ahám)
I
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
इयर्मि (íyarmi)
I stir up, I drive
रेणुं (reṇúm)
dust
अभिभूत्योजाः (abhíbhūtyojāḥ)
surpassing in might
Stanza 4.42.6
अ॒हं ता विश्वा॑ चकरं॒ नकि॑र्मा॒ दैव्यं॒ सहो॑ वरते॒ अप्र॑तीतम् | यन्मा॒ सोमा॑सो म॒मद॒न्यदु॒क्थोभे भ॑येते॒ रज॑सी अपा॒रे ||
aháṁ tā́ víśvā cakaraṁ nákir mā daívyaṁ sáho varate ápratītam yán mā sómāso mamádan yád ukthóbhé bhayete rájasī apāré
All these things I have done. No divine power can impede me. When the Somas and praises invigorate me, both unbounded realms become fearful.
The speaker asserts their omnipotence, stating they have accomplished all these feats and that no divine power can impede them. When invigorated by Soma and hymns, the speaker causes even the unbounded regions of existence to tremble.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अहं ता विश्वा चकरं नकिः मा ahám tā́ víśvā cakaram nákiḥ mā (11 syllables)
- B. दैव्यं सहो वरते अप्रतितम् daívyam sáhaḥ varate ápratītam (11 syllables)
- C. यदुक्तो मा सोमासो ममदन यदुक्तो उक्थो yát mā sómāsaḥ mamádan yát ukthā́ (11 syllables)
- D. उभे भयेते रजसी अपारे ubhé bhayete rájasī apāré (11 syllables)
अहं (ahám)
I
ता (tā́)
those
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
चकरं (cakaram)
I have made, I have done
नकिः (nákiḥ)
no one
मा (mā)
me
दैव्यं (daívyam)
divine
सहो (sáhaḥ)
power, strength
वरते (varate)
hinders, impedes
अप्रतितम् (ápratītam)
unimpeded, unopposed
यदुक्तो (yát)
when
मा (mā)
me
सोमासो (sómāsaḥ)
Soma juices
ममदन (mamádan)
they have gladdened, they have delighted
यदुक्तो (yát)
when
उक्थो (ukthā́)
praises, hymns
उभे (ubhé)
both
भयेते (bhayete)
they fear, they are afraid
रजसी (rájasī)
regions of space
अपारे (apāré)
boundless, infinite
Stanza 4.42.7
वि॒दुष्टे॒ विश्वा॒ भुव॑नानि॒ तस्य॒ ता प्र ब्र॑वीषि॒ वरु॑णाय वेधः | त्वं वृ॒त्राणि॑ शृण्विषे जघ॒न्वान्त्वं वृ॒ताँ अ॑रिणा इन्द्र॒ सिन्धू॑न् ||
vidúṣ te víśvā bhúvanāni tásya tā́ prá bravīṣi váruṇāya vedhaḥ tváṁ vr̥trā́ṇi śr̥ṇviṣe jaghanvā́n tváṁ vr̥tā́m̐ ariṇā indra síndhūn
All beings know your deeds. You declare these to Varuṇa, O Disposer! You are known to have slain the Vṛtras; you, Indra, set free the blocked rivers.
The speaker's actions are known to all beings. They are addressed by the 'Disposer' as someone who speaks to Varuṇa, has slain the Vṛtras (obstacles), and has released the obstructed rivers, highlighting their role in maintaining cosmic order.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. विदुः ते विश्वा भुवनानि तस्य vidúḥ te víśvā bhúvanāni tásya (11 syllables)
- B. ता प्र ब्रवीषि वरुणाय वेधः tā́ prá bravīṣi váruṇāya vedhaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. त्वं वृत्राणि शृण्विषे जघन्वान् tvám vr̥trā́ṇi śr̥ṇviṣe jaghanvā́n (11 syllables)
- D. त्वं वृताँ अरिणा इन्द्र सिन्धून् tvám vr̥tā́n ariṇāḥ indra síndhūn (11 syllables)
विदुः (vidúḥ)
they know
ते (te)
your
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
भुवनानि (bhúvanāni)
worlds, beings
तस्य (tásya)
his
ता (tā́)
those
प्र (prá)
forth
ब्रवीषि (bravīṣi)
you speak
वरुणाय (váruṇāya)
to Varuṇa
वेधः (vedhaḥ)
O Disposer, O wise one
त्वं (tvám)
you
वृत्राणि (vr̥trā́ṇi)
Vṛtras (obstacles, enemies)
शृण्विषे (śr̥ṇviṣe)
you are heard of, you are famous
जघन्वान् (jaghanvā́n)
having killed
त्वं (tvám)
you
वृताँ (vr̥tā́n)
obstructed, blocked
अरिणा (ariṇāḥ)
you made flow, you released
इन्द्र (indra)
O Indra
सिन्धून् (síndhūn)
rivers
Stanza 4.42.8
अ॒स्माक॒मत्र॑ पि॒तर॒स्त आ॑सन्त्स॒प्त ऋष॑यो दौर्ग॒हे ब॒ध्यमा॑ने | त आय॑जन्त त्र॒सद॑स्युमस्या॒ इन्द्रं॒ न वृ॑त्र॒तुर॑मर्धदे॒वम् ||
asmā́kam átra pitáras tá āsan saptá ŕ̥ṣayo daurgahé badhyámāne tá ā́yajanta trasádasyum asyā índraṁ ná vr̥tratúram ardhadevám
Our fathers were there, the Seven Sages, when Durgaha was being captured. For her (Durgaha's family/clan), they sacrificed to obtain Trasadasyu, like Indra, the slayer of enemies, a demigod.
The speaker refers to ancient progenitors, the Seven Sages, who were present during a difficult time when the son of Durgaha was captured. For this Durgaha, the sages performed sacrifices to obtain Trasadasyu, who is described as a semi-divine being, like Indra, capable of conquering enemies.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अस्माकं अत्र पितरः ते आसन् asmā́kam átra pitáraḥ té āsan (11 syllables)
- B. सप्त ऋषयो दौर्ग्गहे बाध्यमाने saptá ŕ̥ṣayaḥ daurgahé badhyámāne (12 syllables)
- C. ते आ आय॑जन्त त्रसदस्युमस्या अस्याः té ā́ ayajanta trasádasyum asyāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. इन्द्रं न वृत्रतुरं अर्धदेवं índram ná vr̥tratúram ardhadevám (11 syllables)
अस्माकं (asmā́kam)
our
अत्र (átra)
there
पितरः (pitáraḥ)
fathers
ते (té)
they
आसन् (āsan)
were
सप्त (saptá)
seven
ऋषयो (ŕ̥ṣayaḥ)
sages
दौर्ग्गहे (daurgahé)
in the case of Durgaha
बाध्यमाने (badhyámāne)
while being captured
ते (té)
they
आ (ā́)
indeed
आय॑जन्त (ayajanta)
they sacrificed
त्रसदस्युमस्या (trasádasyum)
Trasadasyu (a king's name)
अस्याः (asyāḥ)
for her (Durgaha)
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
न (ná)
like
वृत्रतुरं (vr̥tratúram)
slayer of Vṛtras (enemies)
अर्धदेवं (ardhadevám)
demigod
Stanza 4.42.9
पु॒रु॒कुत्सा॑नी॒ हि वा॒मदा॑शद्ध॒व्येभि॑रिन्द्रावरुणा॒ नमो॑भिः | अथा॒ राजा॑नं त्र॒सद॑स्युमस्या वृत्र॒हणं॑ ददथुरर्धदे॒वम् ||
purukútsānī hí vām ádāśad dhavyébhir indrāvaruṇā námobhiḥ áthā rā́jānaṁ trasádasyum asyā vr̥traháṇaṁ dadathur ardhadevám
The wife of Purukutsa indeed offered sacrifices and homage to you, Indra and Varuṇa. Therefore, you two gave her King Trasadasyu, the slayer of Vṛtras, a demigod.
The speaker states that the wife of Purukutsa offered sacrifices and homage to Indra and Varuṇa. In return for these offerings, the gods granted them King Trasadasyu, who is described as a demigod and a vanquisher of enemies, much like Indra.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. पुरुकुत्सानि हि वामदा अदशद्ध purukútsānī hí vām ádāśat (11 syllables)
- B. हव्येभिः इन्द्रावरुणा नमोभिः havyébhiḥ indrāvaruṇā námobhiḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अथा राजानं त्रसदस्युमस्या अस्याः átha + rā́jānam trasádasyum asyāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. वृत्रहणं ददथुर अर्धदेवं vr̥traháṇam dadathuḥ ardhadevám (11 syllables)
पुरुकुत्सानि (purukútsānī)
wife of Purukutsa
हि (hí)
indeed
वामदा (vām)
to you two
अदशद्ध (ádāśat)
offered
हव्येभिः (havyébhiḥ)
with oblations
इन्द्रावरुणा (indrāvaruṇā)
O Indra and Varuṇa
नमोभिः (námobhiḥ)
with homage
अथा (átha +)
then
राजानं (rā́jānam)
king
त्रसदस्युमस्या (trasádasyum)
Trasadasyu
अस्याः (asyāḥ)
to her
वृत्रहणं (vr̥traháṇam)
slayer of Vṛtras
ददथुर (dadathuḥ)
you two gave
अर्धदेवं (ardhadevám)
demigod
Stanza 4.42.10
रा॒या व॒यं स॑स॒वांसो॑ मदेम ह॒व्येन॑ दे॒वा यव॑सेन॒ गावः॑ | तां धे॒नुमि॑न्द्रावरुणा यु॒वं नो॑ वि॒श्वाहा॑ धत्त॒मन॑पस्फुरन्तीम् ||
rāyā́ vayáṁ sasavā́ṁso madema havyéna devā́ yávasena gā́vaḥ tā́ṁ dhenúm indrāvaruṇā yuváṁ no viśvā́hā dhattam ánapasphurantīm
May we, having wealth, delight in riches, the gods in oblations, and the kine in fodder. O Indra and Varuṇa, grant us that ever-yielding milch-cow.
The speaker expresses a desire for prosperity and enjoyment, praying that they, like the gods with offerings and cattle with fodder, may delight in wealth. They ask Indra and Varuṇa to bestow upon them a never-failing milch-cow, symbolizing sustenance and abundance.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. राया वयं ससवॉ॑ससो मदेम rāyā́ vayám sasavā́ṃsaḥ madema (11 syllables)
- B. हव्येन देवाः यवसेन गावः havyéna devā́ḥ yávasena gā́vaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. तां धेनुं इन्द्रावरुणा युवं नः tā́m dhenúm indrāvaruṇā yuvám naḥ (11 syllables)
- D. विश्वाहा धत्तं अनपस्फरन्तीं viśvā́hā dhattam ánapasphurantīm (11 syllables)
राया (rāyā́)
with wealth
वयं (vayám)
we
ससवॉ॑ससो (sasavā́ṃsaḥ)
having obtained victory, having won
मदेम (madema)
may we rejoice, may we be delighted
हव्येन (havyéna)
with oblations
देवाः (devā́ḥ)
gods
यवसेन (yávasena)
with fodder, with grass
गावः (gā́vaḥ)
cows
तां (tā́m)
that
धेनुं (dhenúm)
milch-cow
इन्द्रावरुणा (indrāvaruṇā)
O Indra and Varuṇa
युवं (yuvám)
you two
नः (naḥ)
to us
विश्वाहा (viśvā́hā)
always, all day
धत्तं (dhattam)
grant, bestow
अनपस्फरन्तीं (ánapasphurantīm)
never-failing, unfaltering