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Stanza 4.3.1
आ वो॒ राजा॑नमध्व॒रस्य॑ रु॒द्रं होता॑रं सत्य॒यजं॒ रोद॑स्योः | अ॒ग्निं पु॒रा त॑नयि॒त्नोर॒चित्ता॒द्धिर॑ण्यरूप॒मव॑से कृणुध्वम् ||
ā́ vo rā́jānam adhvarásya rudráṁ hótāraṁ satyayájaṁ ródasyoḥ agním purā́ tanayitnór acíttād dhíraṇyarūpam ávase kr̥ṇudhvam
O people, invoke for your protection the king of the sacrifice, Agni, the priest of the two worlds, the truthful performer of rituals, and the one with a golden form, before the thunder strikes and causes confusion.
This stanza is an invocation to Agni, the divine fire. The speaker urges the listeners to invoke Agni, describing him as the king of the sacrifice, the priest of the cosmos, and a truthful performer of rituals. They should do this before the destructive power of thunder strikes, recognizing Agni's golden, radiant form which is invoked for protection.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ वः राजानां अध्वरस्य रुद्रं ā́ vaḥ rā́jānam adhvarásya rudrám (11 syllables)
- B. होतारं सत्ययजं रोदोस्योः hótāram satyayájam ródasyoḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अग्निं पुरा तणयित्नोः अचित्तात् agním purā́ tanayitnóḥ acíttāt (11 syllables)
- D. हिरण्यरूपं अवसे कृणुध्वं híraṇyarūpam ávase kr̥ṇudhvam (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
An emphasizing particle, similar to 'indeed' or 'come'
वः (vaḥ)
your
राजानां (rā́jānam)
king
अध्वरस्य (adhvarásya)
of the sacrifice
रुद्रं (rudrám)
fierce, terrible (a name for Agni/Shiva)
होतारं (hótāram)
priest, invoker
सत्ययजं (satyayájam)
truthful sacrificer
रोदोस्योः (ródasyoḥ)
of the two worlds (heaven and earth)
अग्निं (agním)
Agni, the fire god
पुरा (purā́)
before
तणयित्नोः (tanayitnóḥ)
of the thunder
अचित्तात् (acíttāt)
from lack of understanding, confusion
हिरण्यरूपं (híraṇyarūpam)
golden-formed
अवसे (ávase)
for protection
कृणुध्वं (kr̥ṇudhvam)
make, create, invoke
Stanza 4.3.2
अ॒यं योनि॑श्चकृ॒मा यं व॒यं ते॑ जा॒येव॒ पत्य॑ उश॒ती सु॒वासाः॑ | अ॒र्वा॒ची॒नः परि॑वीतो॒ नि षी॑दे॒मा उ॑ ते स्वपाक प्रती॒चीः ||
ayáṁ yóniś cakr̥mā́ yáṁ vayáṁ te jāyéva pátya uśatī́ suvā́sāḥ arvācīnáḥ párivīto ní ṣīdemā́ u te svapāka pratīcī́ḥ
This is the dwelling we have prepared for you, just as a willing wife beautifully adorned prepares for her husband. O skilled one, be seated here facing us; these (offerings) are turned towards you.
This stanza describes the preparation of a ritual space or offering for Agni. It compares the act to a devoted wife preparing for her husband. The speaker addresses Agni, inviting him to be seated in this prepared space, which is adorned with prayers and offerings, and indicates that the offerings are turned towards him.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अयं योनिः चकृम यं वयं ते ayám yóniḥ cakr̥má + yám vayám te (11 syllables)
- B. जाया इव पतये उशती सुवासाः jāyā́ iva pátye uśatī́ suvā́sāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. अर्वाचीनः परिवीतः नि सीद arvācīnáḥ párivītaḥ ní sīda (11 syllables)
- D. इमाः उ ते स्वपाक प्रतीचीः imā́ḥ u te svapāka pratīcī́ḥ (11 syllables)
अयं (ayám)
this
योनिः (yóniḥ)
dwelling, seat, origin
चकृम (cakr̥má +)
we have made, prepared
यं (yám)
which
वयं (vayám)
we
ते (te)
your
जाया (jāyā́)
wife
इव (iva)
like, as
पतये (pátye)
for the husband
उशती (uśatī́)
desiring, willing
सुवासाः (suvā́sāḥ)
well-dressed, adorned
अर्वाचीनः (arvācīnáḥ)
coming hither, facing this way
परिवीतः (párivītaḥ)
surrounded, adorned
नि (ní)
down
सीद (sīda)
sit
इमाः (imā́ḥ)
these
उ (u)
indeed, also
ते (te)
your
स्वपाक (svapāka)
skillful maker, excellent craftsman
प्रतीचीः (pratīcī́ḥ)
facing towards
Stanza 4.3.3
आ॒शृ॒ण्व॒ते अदृ॑पिताय॒ मन्म॑ नृ॒चक्ष॑से सुमृळी॒काय॑ वेधः | दे॒वाय॑ श॒स्तिम॒मृता॑य शंस॒ ग्रावे॑व॒ सोता॑ मधु॒षुद्यमी॒ळे ||
āśr̥ṇvaté ádr̥pitāya mánma nr̥cákṣase sumr̥ḷīkā́ya vedhaḥ devā́ya śastím amŕ̥tāya śaṁsa grā́veva sótā madhuṣúd yám īḷé
O priest, recite a hymn to the immortal god, to the one who hears, is not proud, sees all beings, is gracious, and grants well-being. This praise is offered to him whom the Soma-presser, who extracts the sweet juice, worships.
This stanza is a prayer to Agni, addressing him as a god who hears, is approachable, observes humanity, and is gracious and immortal. The speaker, identifying as a worshipper or priest, requests Agni to accept their hymn and praise, comparing this offering to the Soma presser who celebrates the sweet juice.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आशृण्वते अदृपिताय मन्म āśr̥ṇvaté ádr̥pitāya mánma (11 syllables)
- B. नृचक्षसे सुमृळीकाय वेधः nr̥cákṣase sumr̥ḷīkā́ya vedhaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. देवाय शस्तिं अमृताय शंस devā́ya śastím amŕ̥tāya śaṃsa (11 syllables)
- D. ग्रावा इव सोता मधुसुद्यमीळे यं ईळे grā́vā iva sótā madhuṣút yám īḷé (11 syllables)
आशृण्वते (āśr̥ṇvaté)
to him who hears
अदृपिताय (ádr̥pitāya)
to the uninjured, not proud
मन्म (mánma)
hymn, praise, thought
नृचक्षसे (nr̥cákṣase)
to the beholder of men
सुमृळीकाय (sumr̥ḷīkā́ya)
to the very gracious, bestower of comfort
वेधः (vedhaḥ)
O arranger, O priest, O wise one
देवाय (devā́ya)
to the god
शस्तिं (śastím)
hymn, praise, saying
अमृताय (amŕ̥tāya)
to the immortal
शंस (śaṃsa)
recite, sing, proclaim
ग्रावा (grā́vā)
pressing stone (for Soma)
इव (iva)
like, as
सोता (sótā)
presser (of Soma)
मधुसुद्यमीळे (madhuṣút)
Soma-presser, extractor of sweet juice
यं (yám)
whom
ईळे (īḷé)
I praise, I pray to
Stanza 4.3.4
त्वं चि॑न्नः॒ शम्या॑ अग्ने अ॒स्या ऋ॒तस्य॑ बोध्यृतचित्स्वा॒धीः | क॒दा त॑ उ॒क्था स॑ध॒माद्या॑नि क॒दा भ॑वन्ति स॒ख्या गृ॒हे ते॑ ||
tváṁ cin naḥ śámyā agne asyā́ r̥tásya bodhy r̥tacit svādhī́ḥ kadā́ ta ukthā́ sadhamā́dyāni kadā́ bhavanti sakhyā́ gr̥hé te
O Agni, attentive to our needs, be aware of this our order and our effort! You who uphold the cosmic order, when will our praises and our shared joys be yours? When will friendship dwell in your home?
The speaker addresses Agni, asking him to pay attention to their ritual efforts and to the cosmic order (Rta). Agni is recognized as a wise being who understands Rta. The stanza questions when their hymns and shared celebrations will be accepted by Agni and when true friendship will reside in his dwelling.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. त्वं चित् नः शम्याः अग्ने अस्याः tvám cit naḥ śámyāḥ agne asyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. ऋतस्य बोधि ऋतचित् स्वाधीः r̥tásya bodhi r̥tacit svādhī́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. कदा ते उक्था सधमाद्यानि kadā́ te ukthā́ sadhamā́dyāni (11 syllables)
- D. कदा भवन्ति सख्या गृहे ते kadā́ bhavanti sakhyā́ gr̥hé te (11 syllables)
त्वं (tvám)
you
चित् (cit)
indeed, certainly
नः (naḥ)
our
शम्याः (śámyāḥ)
of the effort, the toil
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अस्याः (asyā́ḥ)
of this
ऋतस्य (r̥tásya)
of the cosmic order, truth
बोधि (bodhi)
understand, be aware, pay attention
ऋतचित् (r̥tacit)
knower of the cosmic order
स्वाधीः (svādhī́ḥ)
well-intentioned, self-controlled
कदा (kadā́)
when?
ते (te)
your
उक्था (ukthā́)
hymns, praises, sayings
सधमाद्यानि (sadhamā́dyāni)
shared feasts, celebrations
कदा (kadā́)
when?
भवन्ति (bhavanti)
become, exist
सख्या (sakhyā́)
friendships
गृहे (gr̥hé)
in the house, dwelling
ते (te)
your
Stanza 4.3.5
क॒था ह॒ तद्वरु॑णाय॒ त्वम॑ग्ने क॒था दि॒वे ग॑र्हसे॒ कन्न॒ आगः॑ | क॒था मि॒त्राय॑ मी॒ळ्हुषे॑ पृथि॒व्यै ब्रवः॒ कद॑र्य॒म्णे कद्भगा॑य ||
kathā́ ha tád váruṇāya tvám agne kathā́ divé garhase kán na ā́gaḥ kathā́ mitrā́ya mīḷhúṣe pr̥thivyaí brávaḥ kád aryamṇé kád bhágāya
How will you speak to Varuna, O Agni? And how to Heaven? And what fault of ours will you plead? How will you address the bountiful Mitra and the Earth? What will you say to Aryaman and to Bhaga?
The speaker questions Agni about how he will address various deities: Varuna, Heaven (Dyaus), Mitra, Earth, Aryaman, and Bhaga. The underlying theme seems to be about appeasing or informing these gods about some transgression or situation, and the speaker is asking Agni to mediate or speak on their behalf, questioning what Agni will say to each.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कथा ह तत् वरुणाय त्वं अग्ने kathā́ ha tát váruṇāya tvám agne (11 syllables)
- B. कथा दिवे गर्षसे कत् नः आगः kathā́ divé garhase kát naḥ ā́gaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. कथा मित्राय मीळ्हुषे पृथिव्यै kathā́ mitrā́ya mīḷhúṣe pr̥thivyaí (11 syllables)
- D. ब्रवः कत् अर्यमणे कत् भगाय brávaḥ kát aryamṇé kát bhágāya (11 syllables)
कथा (kathā́)
how?
ह (ha)
indeed, this (particle)
तत् (tát)
that
वरुणाय (váruṇāya)
to Varuna
त्वं (tvám)
you
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
कथा (kathā́)
how?
दिवे (divé)
to Heaven (Dyaus)
गर्षसे (garhase)
will you blame, will you condemn
कत् (kát)
what?
नः (naḥ)
our
आगः (ā́gaḥ)
sin, offense
कथा (kathā́)
how?
मित्राय (mitrā́ya)
to Mitra
मीळ्हुषे (mīḷhúṣe)
to the bountiful, generous
पृथिव्यै (pr̥thivyaí)
to the Earth
ब्रवः (brávaḥ)
will you speak?
कत् (kát)
what?
अर्यमणे (aryamṇé)
to Aryaman
कत् (kát)
what?
भगाय (bhágāya)
to Bhaga
Stanza 4.3.6
कद्धिष्ण्या॑सु वृधसा॒नो अ॑ग्ने॒ कद्वाता॑य॒ प्रत॑वसे शुभं॒ये | परि॑ज्मने॒ नास॑त्याय॒ क्षे ब्रवः॒ कद॑ग्ने रु॒द्राय॑ नृ॒घ्ने ||
kád dhíṣṇyāsu vr̥dhasānó agne kád vā́tāya prátavase śubhaṁyé párijmane nā́satyāya kṣé brávaḥ kád agne rudrā́ya nr̥ghné
What, O Agni, when you are growing strong on the altars? What to the mighty wind that moves forward? What to the Nasatyas who circle the earth, and to Earth? What, O Agni, to Rudra, the destroyer of men?
The speaker continues to question Agni, asking what he will say to various cosmic entities and forces. This includes the altars (Dhishnyas), the powerful wind (Vata), the divine twins (Nasatyas), the Earth, and the destructive Rudra. The questions imply Agni's central role in mediating between humanity and the divine or cosmic powers.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कत् धष्ण्यासु वृधसानः अग्ने kát dhíṣṇyāsu vr̥dhasānáḥ agne (11 syllables)
- B. कत् वाताय प्रतवसे शुभंये kát vā́tāya prátavase śubhaṃyé (11 syllables)
- C. परिज्मने नासत्याय क्ष párijmane nā́satyāya kṣé (10 syllables)
- D. ब्रवः कत् अग्ने रुद्राय नृघ्ने brávaḥ kát agne rudrā́ya nr̥ghné (11 syllables)
कत् (kát)
what?
धष्ण्यासु (dhíṣṇyāsu)
on the sacrificial altars
वृधसानः (vr̥dhasānáḥ)
growing strong, powerful
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
कत् (kát)
what?
वाताय (vā́tāya)
to the wind
प्रतवसे (prátavase)
to the mighty, powerful
शुभंये (śubhaṃyé)
to the auspicious, beneficial
परिज्मने (párijmane)
to the one who goes around, encompassing
नासत्याय (nā́satyāya)
to the Nasatyas (Ashvins)
क्ष (kṣé)
to Earth
ब्रवः (brávaḥ)
will you speak?
कत् (kát)
what?
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
रुद्राय (rudrā́ya)
to Rudra
नृघ्ने (nr̥ghné)
to the man-slayer, man-destroyer
Stanza 4.3.7
क॒था म॒हे पु॑ष्टिम्भ॒राय॑ पू॒ष्णे कद्रु॒द्राय॒ सुम॑खाय हवि॒र्दे | कद्विष्ण॑व उरुगा॒याय॒ रेतो॒ ब्रवः॒ कद॑ग्ने॒ शर॑वे बृह॒त्यै ||
kathā́ mahé puṣṭimbharā́ya pūṣṇé kád rudrā́ya súmakhāya havirdé kád víṣṇava urugāyā́ya réto brávaḥ kád agne śárave br̥hatyaí
How (will you speak) to great Pushan who brings prosperity? What (will you say) to Rudra, the generous giver of offerings? What transgression will you announce to wide-striding Vishnu? What, O Agni, to the mighty 'Shara' and to Brhati?
The questions to Agni continue, asking about his interaction with other deities: Pushan, Rudra, Vishnu, and implicitly mentioning Agni himself and a concept related to 'Sarva' or 'Shara'. The speaker wants to know what 'sin' or message Agni will convey to these powerful beings, especially Vishnu who strides widely and to 'Shara' associated with 'Brhati'.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कथा महे पुष्टिम्भराय पूष्णे kathā́ mahé puṣṭimbharā́ya pūṣṇé (11 syllables)
- B. कत् रुद्राय सु.मखाय हविर्दे kát rudrā́ya súmakhāya havirdé (11 syllables)
- C. कत् विष्णवे उरुगायाय रेतः kát víṣṇave urugāyā́ya rétaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. ब्रवः कत् अग्ने शरवे बृहत्त्यै brávaḥ kát agne śárave br̥hatyaí (11 syllables)
कथा (kathā́)
how?
महे (mahé)
to the great
पुष्टिम्भराय (puṣṭimbharā́ya)
to Pushan, the increaser of nourishment
पूष्णे (pūṣṇé)
to Pushan
कत् (kát)
what?
रुद्राय (rudrā́ya)
to Rudra
सु.मखाय (súmakhāya)
to the excellent companion, Rudra
हविर्दे (havirdé)
to the giver of offerings
कत् (kát)
what?
विष्णवे (víṣṇave)
to Vishnu
उरुगायाय (urugāyā́ya)
to the wide-striding
रेतः (rétaḥ)
seed, essence, offspring; here referring to transgression or progeny
ब्रवः (brávaḥ)
will you speak?
कत् (kát)
what?
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
शरवे (śárave)
to the arrow, weapon (perhaps Rudra's or related to Sarva)
बृहत्त्यै (br̥hatyaí)
to the great, mighty (perhaps related to Earth or a goddess)
Stanza 4.3.8
क॒था शर्धा॑य म॒रुता॑मृ॒ताय॑ क॒था सू॒रे बृ॑ह॒ते पृ॒च्छ्यमा॑नः | प्रति॑ ब्र॒वोऽदि॑तये तु॒राय॒ साधा॑ दि॒वो जा॑तवेदश्चिकि॒त्वान् ||
kathā́ śárdhāya marútām r̥tā́ya kathā́ sūré br̥haté pr̥chyámānaḥ práti bravó 'ditaye turā́ya sā́dhā divó jātavedaś cikitvā́n
How will you answer, when questioned, the righteous host of the Maruts? How to the great Sun? How to the quick Aditi? Speak forth, O Jātavedas, knower of Heaven, accomplish (our task)!
The questioning turns to Agni's response when asked about the Maruts, the Sun, Aditi, and the concept of 'Tura'. The speaker asks how Agni will answer the righteous Maruts, the great Sun, and the swift Aditi. They then implore Agni, the knower of all born things, to accomplish his task and protect them.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कथा शर्धाय मरुताम् ऋताय kathā́ śárdhāya marútām r̥tā́ya (11 syllables)
- B. कथा सféle बृहते पृच्छ्यमानः kathā́ sūré br̥haté pr̥chyámānaḥ (11 syllables)
- C. प्रति ब्रवः अदितये तुराय práti bravaḥ áditaye turā́ya (11 syllables)
- D. साध दिवः जातवेदः चिकित्वाल् sā́dha + diváḥ jātavedaḥ cikitvā́n (11 syllables)
कथा (kathā́)
how?
शर्धाय (śárdhāya)
to the host, troop
मरुताम् (marútām)
of the Maruts
ऋताय (r̥tā́ya)
to the truthful, righteous
कथा (kathā́)
how?
सféle (sūré)
to the Sun
बृहते (br̥haté)
to the great
पृच्छ्यमानः (pr̥chyámānaḥ)
being asked
प्रति (práti)
in response
ब्रवः (bravaḥ)
will you speak?
अदितये (áditaye)
to Aditi
तुराय (turā́ya)
to the swift, impetuous
साध (sā́dha +)
accomplish, achieve
दिवः (diváḥ)
of Heaven
जातवेदः (jātavedaḥ)
O knower of all born things (Agni)
चिकित्वाल् (cikitvā́n)
knowing, intelligent
Stanza 4.3.9
ऋ॒तेन॑ ऋ॒तं निय॑तमीळ॒ आ गोरा॒मा सचा॒ मधु॑मत्प॒क्वम॑ग्ने | कृ॒ष्णा स॒ती रुश॑ता धा॒सिनै॒षा जाम॑र्येण॒ पय॑सा पीपाय ||
r̥téna r̥táṁ níyatam īḷa ā́ gór āmā́ sácā mádhumat pakvám agne kr̥ṣṇā́ satī́ rúśatā dhāsínaiṣā́ jā́maryeṇa páyasā pīpāya
By the cosmic order, I praise the cow, who, though black, is full of honey-sweet, ripe milk. O Agni, though dark, this cow, nourished by (divine) essence, swells with bright liquid (milk).
This stanza describes a cow, characterized by its black color, but capable of yielding sweet, ripe, and abundant milk. The speaker praises this cow ('go') and invokes Agni, associating the cow's fertility and the richness of its milk with the cosmic order (Rta). The milk is described as 'madhumat' (honey-sweet) and 'pakvam' (ripe), and the cow's appearance is linked to nourishment and brightness.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऋतेन ऋतं नियतं ईळे आ गोः r̥téna r̥tám níyatam īḷe ā́ góḥ (11 syllables)
- B. आमा सचा मधुमत् पक्वम् अग्ने āmā́ sácā mádhumat pakvám agne (11 syllables)
- C. कृष्णा सती रुशता धासिना एषा kr̥ṣṇā́ satī́ rúśatā dhāsínā eṣā́ (11 syllables)
- D. जामर्येण पयसा पीपाय jā́maryeṇa páyasā pīpāya (11 syllables)
ऋतेन (r̥téna)
by the cosmic order, by truth
ऋतं (r̥tám)
the cosmic order, truth
नियतं (níyatam)
regulated, controlled
ईळे (īḷe)
I praise, I invoke
आ (ā́)
towards, to
गोः (góḥ)
of the cow
आमा (āmā́)
raw, uncooked; here possibly referring to the unformed or primal state
सचा (sácā)
together with, along with
मधुमत् (mádhumat)
sweet, honey-like
पक्वम् (pakvám)
ripe, cooked, mature
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
कृष्णा (kr̥ṣṇā́)
black
सती (satī́)
being
रुशता (rúśatā)
shining, bright
धासिना (dhāsínā)
with food, nourishment
एषा (eṣā́)
this (cow)
जामर्येण (jā́maryeṇa)
with strength, vigor
पयसा (páyasā)
with milk, fluid
पीपाय (pīpāya)
it swelled, it became full
Stanza 4.3.10
ऋ॒तेन॒ हि ष्मा॑ वृष॒भश्चि॑द॒क्तः पुमाँ॑ अ॒ग्निः पय॑सा पृ॒ष्ठ्ये॑न | अस्प॑न्दमानो अचरद्वयो॒धा वृषा॑ शु॒क्रं दु॑दुहे॒ पृश्नि॒रूधः॑ ||
r̥téna hí ṣmā vr̥ṣabháś cid aktáḥ púmām̐ agníḥ páyasā pr̥ṣṭhyèna áspandamāno acarad vayodhā́ vŕ̥ṣā śukráṁ duduhe pŕ̥śnir ū́dhaḥ
Indeed, by the cosmic order, this manly bull, Agni, anointed with milk from his own back, moved without trembling, bestowing vigor. The dappled bull poured forth bright (essence) from its udder.
This stanza continues the theme of Agni's divine nature and power, linking him to the cosmic order (Rta) and describing his actions. Agni, the 'manly bull', is anointed with milk from his own back, symbolizing self-sufficiency and divine origin. He moves without faltering, bestowing vitality. The 'speckled bull' (possibly Agni or a cosmic principle) yields pure, bright essence from its udder.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऋतेन हि स्म वृषभः चित् अक्तः r̥téna hí sma + vr̥ṣabháḥ cit aktáḥ (11 syllables)
- B. पुमान् अग्निः पयसा पृष्ठ्येन púmān agníḥ páyasā pr̥ṣṭhyèna (11 syllables)
- C. अस्पन्दमानः अचरत् वयोधाः áspandamānaḥ acarat vayodhā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- D. वृषा शुक्रं दुदुहे पृश्निः ऊधः vŕ̥ṣā śukrám duduhe pŕ̥śniḥ ū́dhar (11 syllables)
ऋतेन (r̥téna)
by the cosmic order, by truth
हि (hí)
indeed, certainly
स्म (sma +)
particle indicating past tense or emphasis
वृषभः (vr̥ṣabháḥ)
bull (symbol of strength, virility)
चित् (cit)
even
अक्तः (aktáḥ)
anointed, smeared
पुमान् (púmān)
manly, strong
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni, the fire god
पयसा (páyasā)
with milk, fluid, vital essence
पृष्ठ्येन (pr̥ṣṭhyèna)
from the back, on the back
अस्पन्दमानः (áspandamānaḥ)
unwavering, not trembling
अचरत् (acarat)
he moved, he proceeded
वयोधाः (vayodhā́ḥ)
bestower of vitality, life-giving
वृषा (vŕ̥ṣā)
bull (strong)
शुक्रं (śukrám)
bright, pure, white
दुदुहे (duduhe)
he milked, yielded
पृश्निः (pŕ̥śniḥ)
speckled, dappled (often refers to Agni or the sky)
ऊधः (ū́dhar)
udder
Stanza 4.3.11
ऋ॒तेनाद्रिं॒ व्य॑सन्भि॒दन्तः॒ समङ्गि॑रसो नवन्त॒ गोभिः॑ | शु॒नं नरः॒ परि॑ षदन्नु॒षास॑मा॒विः स्व॑रभवज्जा॒ते अ॒ग्नौ ||
r̥ténā́driṁ vy àsan bhidántaḥ sám áṅgiraso navanta góbhiḥ śunáṁ náraḥ pári ṣadann uṣā́sam āvíḥ svàr abhavaj jāté agnaú
By the cosmic order, the Angirasas have broken and cleft the rock, and have moved forward with the cows. Prosperously, the men have surrounded the dawn. Light appeared as Agni was born.
This stanza celebrates the power of the cosmic order (Rta) and the Angirasas, who, by following Rta, are described as having broken open the rock (symbolizing obstacles or hidden treasures) and moved together with the cows. They auspiciously surround the dawn, and light (the Sun) appears with the birth of Agni, signifying order and illumination.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऋतेन अद्रिं वि असन् भिदन्तः r̥téna ádrim ví asan bhidántaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. सम् अंगिरसः नवन्त गोभिः sám áṅgirasaḥ navanta góbhiḥ (10 syllables)
- C. शुनां नरः परि सदन उषासं śunám náraḥ pári sadan uṣā́sam (11 syllables)
- D. आविः स्वः अभवत् जाते अग्नौ āvís svàr abhavat jāté agnaú (11 syllables)
ऋतेन (r̥téna)
by the cosmic order, by truth
अद्रिं (ádrim)
rock, mountain
वि (ví)
apart, asunder
असन् (asan)
they moved, they proceeded
भिदन्तः (bhidántaḥ)
splitting, cleaving
सम् (sám)
together
अंगिरसः (áṅgirasaḥ)
the Angirasas (a group of sages)
नवन्त (navanta)
they shouted, they sang
गोभिः (góbhiḥ)
with the cows
शुनां (śunám)
auspiciously, prosperously
नरः (náraḥ)
men
परि (pári)
around
सदन (sadan)
they sat, they encompassed
उषासं (uṣā́sam)
the dawn
आविः (āvís)
manifest, apparent
स्वः (svàr)
sunlight, heaven, light
अभवत् (abhavat)
became, appeared
जाते (jāté)
being born
अग्नौ (agnaú)
in Agni, in the fire
Stanza 4.3.12
ऋ॒तेन॑ दे॒वीर॒मृता॒ अमृ॑क्ता॒ अर्णो॑भि॒रापो॒ मधु॑मद्भिरग्ने | वा॒जी न सर्गे॑षु प्रस्तुभा॒नः प्र सद॒मित्स्रवि॑तवे दधन्युः ||
r̥téna devī́r amŕ̥tā ámr̥ktā árṇobhir ā́po mádhumadbhir agne vājī́ ná sárgeṣu prastubhānáḥ prá sádam ít srávitave dadhanyuḥ
By the cosmic order, the immortal, uninjured goddesses, the Waters, O Agni, with their sweet waves have coursed forward forever to flow, like a spurred racer in the starting gates.
This stanza describes the divine, immortal waters ('Apas') as goddesses who, by the cosmic order (Rta), move with their sweet waves like a powerful horse. They are depicted as uninjured and forever flowing, a force of nature sustained and perhaps directed by Agni. The stanza connects the power of Rta with the dynamic energy of water.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऋतेन देवीः अमृताः अमृक्ताः r̥téna devī́ḥ amŕ̥tāḥ ámr̥ktāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अर्णोभिः आपः मधु.मद्भिरग्ने अग्ने árṇobhiḥ ā́paḥ mádhumadbhiḥ agne (11 syllables)
- C. वाजी न सर्गेषु प्रस्तुभानः vājī́ ná sárgeṣu prastubhānáḥ (11 syllables)
- D. प्र सद्म इत् स्रवितवे दधन्युः prá sádam ít srávitave dadhanyuḥ (11 syllables)
ऋतेन (r̥téna)
by the cosmic order, by truth
देवीः (devī́ḥ)
goddesses
अमृताः (amŕ̥tāḥ)
immortal
अमृक्ताः (ámr̥ktāḥ)
uninjured, unsoiled
अर्णोभिः (árṇobhiḥ)
with waves, floods, waters
आपः (ā́paḥ)
waters
मधु.मद्भिरग्ने (mádhumadbhiḥ)
sweet, honey-like
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
वाजी (vājī́)
a strong one, racer, powerful being
न (ná)
like, as
सर्गेषु (sárgeṣu)
in the starting places, in the courses
प्रस्तुभानः (prastubhānáḥ)
incited, urged on
प्र (prá)
forward
सद्म (sádam)
always, for ever
इत् (ít)
indeed
स्रवितवे (srávitave)
to flow
दधन्युः (dadhanyuḥ)
they placed, they set in motion; they sped
Stanza 4.3.13
मा कस्य॑ य॒क्षं सद॒मिद्धु॒रो गा॒ मा वे॒शस्य॑ प्रमिन॒तो मापेः | मा भ्रातु॑रग्ने॒ अनृ॑जोर्ऋ॒णं वे॒र्मा सख्यु॒र्दक्षं॑ रि॒पोर्भु॑जेम ||
mā́ kásya yakṣáṁ sádam íd dhuró gā mā́ veśásya praminató mā́péḥ mā́ bhrā́tur agne ánr̥jor r̥ṇáṁ ver mā́ sákhyur dákṣaṁ ripór bhujema
May we not go, O Agni, towards the harmful influence of anyone, nor that of a treacherous neighbor or foe. May we not incur the debt of a dishonest brother. May we not suffer the power of a friend or enemy.
This is a plea for Agni's protection from negative influences. The speaker asks Agni not to approach the 'spirit' or influence of anyone who is hostile, treacherous, or a trespasser ('veśa'). They also ask to be protected from a dishonest brother and not to suffer the consequence ('rinnam') of his actions. The ultimate request is to be shielded from the power or negative influence ('daksham') of both friends and foes.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. मा कस्य यक्षं सद्म इत् हुरस् गाः mā́ kásya yakṣám sádam ít hurás gāḥ (11 syllables)
- B. मा वेशस्य प्रमिनत.ः मा अपेः mā́ veśásya praminatáḥ mā́ āpéḥ (11 syllables)
- C. मा भ्रातुः अग्ने अनृजोः ऋणं वेः mā́ bhrā́tuḥ agne ánr̥joḥ r̥ṇám veḥ (11 syllables)
- D. मा सख्युः दक्षं रिपोः भुजेम mā́ sákhyuḥ dákṣam ripóḥ bhujema (10 syllables)
मा (mā́)
not
कस्य (kásya)
of anyone
यक्षं (yakṣám)
spirit, power, influence (often associated with a deity or supernatural force)
सद्म (sádam)
always, constantly
इत् (ít)
indeed, truly
हुरस् (hurás)
hostile, injurious (often refers to a hostile spirit)
गाः (gāḥ)
may you go
मा (mā́)
not
वेशस्य (veśásya)
of the neighbor, associate, tenant
प्रमिनत.ः (praminatáḥ)
of one who trespasses, errs
मा (mā́)
not
अपेः (āpéḥ)
of the foe, enemy
मा (mā́)
not
भ्रातुः (bhrā́tuḥ)
of the brother
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अनृजोः (ánr̥joḥ)
of the dishonest, crooked
ऋणं (r̥ṇám)
debt, guilt, trespass
वेः (veḥ)
may you incur, may you take
मा (mā́)
not
सख्युः (sákhyuḥ)
of the friend
दक्षं (dákṣam)
power, might, ability (can be positive or negative)
रिपोः (ripóḥ)
of the enemy
भुजेम (bhujema)
may we enjoy, may we suffer
Stanza 4.3.14
रक्षा॑ णो अग्ने॒ तव॒ रक्ष॑णेभी रारक्षा॒णः सु॑मख प्रीणा॒नः | प्रति॑ ष्फुर॒ वि रु॑ज वी॒ड्वंहो॑ ज॒हि रक्षो॒ महि॑ चिद्वावृधा॒नम् ||
rákṣā ṇo agne táva rákṣaṇebhī rārakṣāṇáḥ sumakha prīṇānáḥ práti ṣphura ví ruja vīḍv áṁho jahí rákṣo máhi cid vāvr̥dhānám
Protect us, O Agni, with your defenses, O pleasant and gladdened one! Shine forth, break through strong affliction, slay the demon, even when it grows powerful!
This is a powerful plea to Agni for protection against evil and destruction. The speaker asks Agni to protect them with his divine defenses, being pleased and gladdened. Agni is urged to sparkle, break through severe affliction, and destroy even mighty demons ('Rakshas'). It's a prayer for Agni's active intervention against malevolent forces.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. रक्षा नः अग्ने रक्षणेभी rákṣa + naḥ agne táva rákṣaṇebhiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. रारक्षाणः सु.मख प्रीणाणः rārakṣāṇáḥ sumakha prīṇānáḥ (11 syllables)
- C. प्रति स्फुर वि रुज वीळु अं.हः práti sphura ví ruja vīḷú áṃhaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. जहि रक्षः महि चित् वावृधानां jahí rákṣaḥ máhi cit vāvr̥dhānám (11 syllables)
रक्षा (rákṣa +)
protect!
नः (naḥ)
us
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
(táva)
रक्षणेभी (rákṣaṇebhiḥ)
with protections, defenses
रारक्षाणः (rārakṣāṇáḥ)
protected, well-guarded
सु.मख (sumakha)
O excellent companion, O well-worshipped one
प्रीणाणः (prīṇānáḥ)
pleasing, gladdening
प्रति (práti)
forth, towards
स्फुर (sphura)
sparkle, flash, move swiftly
वि (ví)
apart, away
रुज (ruja)
break, shatter
वीळु (vīḷú)
strong, firm
अं.हः (áṃhaḥ)
affliction, distress, straits
जहि (jahí)
slay, kill!
रक्षः (rákṣaḥ)
demon, evil spirit
महि (máhi)
great, mighty
चित् (cit)
even
वावृधानां (vāvr̥dhānám)
growing, increasing
Stanza 4.3.15
ए॒भिर्भ॑व सु॒मना॑ अग्ने अ॒र्कैरि॒मान्त्स्पृ॑श॒ मन्म॑भिः शूर॒ वाजा॑न् | उ॒त ब्रह्मा॑ण्यङ्गिरो जुषस्व॒ सं ते॑ श॒स्तिर्दे॒ववा॑ता जरेत ||
ebhír bhava sumánā agne arkaír imā́n spr̥śa mánmabhiḥ śūra vā́jān utá bráhmāṇy aṅgiro juṣasva sáṁ te śastír devávātā jareta
Be gracious, O Agni, with these hymns. O Hero, touch these (offerings) with your prayers. O Angiras, accept these sacred words. May your praise, desired by the gods, flourish!
The speaker offers these hymns and prayers to Agni, asking him to be pleased and gracious. They invite Agni, the hero and Angiras, to accept their offerings ('brahmāṇi') and wishes. The stanza concludes with a desire for Agni's praise, inspired by the gods, to endure and flourish.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. एभिः भव सु.मनाः अग्ने अर्कैरि ebhíḥ bhava sumánāḥ agne arkaíḥ (11 syllables)
- B. इमान् स्पृश मन्मभिः शूर वाजान् imā́n spr̥śa mánmabhiḥ śūra vā́jān (11 syllables)
- C. उत ब्रह्माणि अंगिरो जुषस्व utá bráhmāṇi aṅgiraḥ juṣasva (11 syllables)
- D. सं ते शस्तिः देववाता जरेत sám te śastíḥ devávātā jareta (11 syllables)
एभिः (ebhíḥ)
with these
भव (bhava)
be
सु.मनाः (sumánāḥ)
well-disposed, gracious
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
अर्कैरि (arkaíḥ)
with hymns, praises
इमान् (imā́n)
these
स्पृश (spr̥śa)
touch, approach
मन्मभिः (mánmabhiḥ)
with prayers, devotions
शूर (śūra)
O hero
वाजान् (vā́jān)
wealth, food, strength
उत (utá)
and
ब्रह्माणि (bráhmāṇi)
sacred words, prayers, devotions
अंगिरो (aṅgiraḥ)
O Angiras (a sage or Agni)
जुषस्व (juṣasva)
accept, approve, enjoy
सं (sám)
together, completely
ते (te)
your
शस्तिः (śastíḥ)
praise, hymn
देववाता (devávātā)
desired by the gods
जरेत (jareta)
may it grow old, may it endure, may it flourish
Stanza 4.3.16
ए॒ता विश्वा॑ वि॒दुषे॒ तुभ्यं॑ वेधो नी॒थान्य॑ग्ने नि॒ण्या वचां॑सि | नि॒वच॑ना क॒वये॒ काव्या॒न्यशं॑सिषं म॒तिभि॒र्विप्र॑ उ॒क्थैः ||
etā́ víśvā vidúṣe túbhyaṁ vedho nīthā́ny agne niṇyā́ vácāṁsi nivácanā kaváye kā́vyāny áśaṁsiṣam matíbhir vípra ukthaíḥ
To you, the knower, O Agni, the arranger, I have uttered all these secret words and sayings. To you, the sage, I have sung these poems and praises with my thoughts and hymns.
The speaker declares that they have recited all these wise, secret, and profound sayings ('nitha', 'ninya', 'vacamsi', 'nivachana', 'kavyani') to Agni, who is all-knowing and the 'disposer'. They affirm that these praises and hymns have been sung to Agni, the sage and singer, with their thoughts and wisdom.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. एता विश्वा विदुषे तुभ्यं वेधो etā́ víśvā vidúṣe túbhyam vedhaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. नीथान्यु अग्ने निण्या वचांसि nīthā́ni agne niṇyā́ vácāṃsi (11 syllables)
- C. निवचना कवये काव्यानि nivácanā kaváye kā́vyāni (11 syllables)
- D. अशंसिषं मतिभिः विप्र उक्थैः áśaṃsiṣam matíbhiḥ vípraḥ ukthaíḥ (11 syllables)
एता (etā́)
these
विश्वा (víśvā)
all
विदुषे (vidúṣe)
to the knower
तुभ्यं (túbhyam)
to you
वेधो (vedhaḥ)
O arranger, O wise one
नीथान्यु (nīthā́ni)
guidances, ways
अग्ने (agne)
O Agni
निण्या (niṇyā́)
secret, hidden
वचांसि (vácāṃsi)
words, sayings
निवचना (nivácanā)
utterances, explanations
कवये (kaváye)
to the sage, poet
काव्यानि (kā́vyāni)
poems, verses of wisdom
अशंसिषं (áśaṃsiṣam)
I sang, I proclaimed
मतिभिः (matíbhiḥ)
with thoughts, minds
विप्र (vípraḥ)
the priest, the wise one, the singer
उक्थैः (ukthaíḥ)
with hymns, praises