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Stanza 4.25.1
को अ॒द्य नर्यो॑ दे॒वका॑म उ॒शन्निन्द्र॑स्य स॒ख्यं जु॑जोष | को वा॑ म॒हेऽव॑से॒ पार्या॑य॒ समि॑द्धे अ॒ग्नौ सु॒तसो॑म ईट्टे ||
kó adyá náryo devákāma uśánn índrasya sakhyáṁ jujoṣa kó vā mahé 'vase pā́ryāya sámiddhe agnaú sutásoma īṭṭe
Who today, among men eager for the divine, yearning, truly cherishes Indra's friendship? Who, with a well-kindled fire and pressed Soma-juice, invokes him for great protection and favor?
This verse poses a question about who, in this present moment, truly desires and appreciates the friendship of Indra. It asks which person, driven by a longing for divine connection and the desire for Indra's great protection, would offer him praise while preparing the Soma-juice and kindling the sacrificial fire.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. को अद्य नर्यः देवकामः káḥ adyá náryaḥ devákāmaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. उशन् इन्द्रस्य सख्यं जुजोष uśán índrasya sakhyám jujoṣa (11 syllables)
- C. को वा महे अवसे पार्याय káḥ vā mahé ávase pā́ryāya (11 syllables)
- D. समिद्धे अग्नौ सुतसोमः ईट्टे sámiddhe agnaú sutásomaḥ īṭṭe (11 syllables)
को (káḥ)
who
अद्य (adyá)
today
नर्यः (náryaḥ)
man, hero
देवकामः (devákāmaḥ)
desiring the divine
उशन् (uśán)
desiring, wishing
इन्द्रस्य (índrasya)
of Indra
सख्यं (sakhyám)
friendship
जुजोष (jujoṣa)
cherished, delighted in
को (káḥ)
who
वा (vā)
or
महे (mahé)
great
अवसे (ávase)
for protection, for refuge
पार्याय (pā́ryāya)
for protection, for assistance
समिद्धे (sámiddhe)
well-kindled
अग्नौ (agnaú)
in the fire
सुतसोमः (sutásomaḥ)
having pressed the Soma
ईट्टे (īṭṭe)
invokes, praises
Stanza 4.25.2
को ना॑नाम॒ वच॑सा सो॒म्याय॑ मना॒युर्वा॑ भवति॒ वस्त॑ उ॒स्राः | क इन्द्र॑स्य॒ युज्यं॒ कः स॑खि॒त्वं को भ्रा॒त्रं व॑ष्टि क॒वये॒ क ऊ॒ती ||
kó nānāma vácasā somyā́ya manāyúr vā bhavati vásta usrā́ḥ ká índrasya yújyaṁ káḥ sakhitváṁ kó bhrātráṁ vaṣṭi kaváye ká ūtī́
Who, with spoken words, bows to the one who offers Soma? Who, with an eager mind, embraces the dawn? Who seeks Indra's partnership and brotherhood? Who desires closeness with the wise poet for help?
This verse continues the questioning, asking who bows down with prayers to the Soma-offering, and who, with an eager mind, aligns with Indra's power. It further inquires about who seeks Indra's close companionship, brotherhood, and who turns to the wise poet for support and assistance.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. क नानाम वचसा सोम्याय káḥ nānāma vácasā somyā́ya (11 syllables)
- B. मनायुः वा भवति उस्त्राः manāyúḥ vā bhavati vásto usrā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. क इन्द्रस्य युज्यं क सखित्वं káḥ índrasya yújyam káḥ sakhitvám (11 syllables)
- D. क भ्रात्रं वष्टि कवये क ऊती káḥ bhrātrám vaṣṭi kaváye káḥ ūtī́ (11 syllables)
क (káḥ)
who
नानाम (nānāma)
bowed, submitted
वचसा (vácasā)
with words, with prayer
सोम्याय (somyā́ya)
to the offerer of Soma
मनायुः (manāyúḥ)
eager in mind, devoted
वा (vā)
or
भवति (bhavati)
becomes, is
(vásto)
उस्त्राः (usrā́ḥ)
rays (of the sun), dawns
क (káḥ)
who
इन्द्रस्य (índrasya)
of Indra
युज्यं (yújyam)
yoke, bond, connection
क (káḥ)
who
सखित्वं (sakhitvám)
friendship, companionship
क (káḥ)
who
भ्रात्रं (bhrātrám)
brotherhood
वष्टि (vaṣṭi)
desires, wishes for
कवये (kaváye)
to the poet, to the wise one
क (káḥ)
who
ऊती (ūtī́)
with aid, with help
Stanza 4.25.3
को दे॒वाना॒मवो॑ अ॒द्या वृ॑णीते॒ क आ॑दि॒त्याँ अदि॑तिं॒ ज्योति॑रीट्टे | कस्या॒श्विना॒विन्द्रो॑ अ॒ग्निः सु॒तस्यां॒शोः पि॑बन्ति॒ मन॒सावि॑वेनम् ||
kó devā́nām ávo adyā́ vr̥ṇīte ká ādityā́m̐ áditiṁ jyótir īṭṭe kásyāśvínāv índro agníḥ sutásyāṁśóḥ pibanti mánasā́vivenam
Who today chooses the protection of the gods? Who seeks light from the Adityas and Aditi? Whose prepared Soma-juice do the Aśvins, Indra, and Agni drink, when offered with clear intention?
The hymn continues to ask about who seeks divine assistance. It questions who today asks for the protection of the gods, and who appeals to the Adityas and Aditi for light and favor. Furthermore, it inquires which deity—the Aśvins, Indra, or Agni—partakes in the pressed Soma-juice, which is offered with heartfelt intention.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. कः देवानां अवो वृणीते káḥ devā́nām ávaḥ adyá + vr̥ṇīte (11 syllables)
- B. कः आदित्याँ अदितिं ज्योतिरीट्टे ईट्टे káḥ ādityā́n áditim jyótiḥ īṭṭe (11 syllables)
- C. कस्या अश्विना इन्द्रः अग्निः सुतस्यां kásya aśvínau índraḥ agníḥ sutásya (11 syllables)
- D. अंः पिबन्ति मनसा अविवेनम् aṃśóḥ pibanti mánasā ávivenam (11 syllables)
कः (káḥ)
who
देवानां (devā́nām)
of the gods
अवो (ávaḥ)
protection, help
(adyá +)
वृणीते (vr̥ṇīte)
chooses, seeks
कः (káḥ)
who
आदित्याँ (ādityā́n)
to the Adityas
अदितिं (áditim)
to Aditi
ज्योतिरीट्टे (jyótiḥ)
light, radiance
ईट्टे (īṭṭe)
seeks, desires
कस्या (kásya)
of whom
अश्विना (aśvínau)
the Aśvins (twin gods)
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
सुतस्यां (sutásya)
of the pressed
अंः (aṃśóḥ)
share, portion (of Soma)
पिबन्ति (pibanti)
drink
मनसा (mánasā)
with mind, with intention
अविवेनम् (ávivenam)
approaching, entering
Stanza 4.25.4
तस्मा॑ अ॒ग्निर्भार॑तः॒ शर्म॑ यंस॒ज्ज्योक्प॑श्या॒त्सूर्य॑मु॒च्चर॑न्तम् | य इन्द्रा॑य सु॒नवा॒मेत्याह॒ नरे॒ नर्या॑य॒ नृत॑माय नृ॒णाम् ||
tásmā agnír bhā́rataḥ śárma yaṁsaj jyók paśyāt sū́ryam uccárantam yá índrāya sunávāméty ā́ha náre náryāya nŕ̥tamāya nr̥ṇā́m
For him, Agni the bearer will grant shelter. He will long see the rising sun. He is the one who says, 'Let us press for Indra.' He is for the man, the hero, the foremost among men.
This verse describes the reward for one who dedicates himself to Indra. It states that Agni, the bearer, will grant him shelter and he will be able to witness the sun rising for a long time. This person is the one who declares, 'Let us press the Soma for Indra,' recognizing him as the foremost among men, the leader and hero of humanity.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. तस्मै अग्निः भारत शर्म यंसत् tásmai agníḥ bhā́rataḥ śárma yaṃsat (11 syllables)
- B. ज्योक् पश्यात् सूर्यम् उच्चरन्तम् jyók paśyāt sū́ryam uccárantam (11 syllables)
- C. य इन्द्राय सुवामे इति आह yáḥ índrāya sunávāma íti ā́ha (11 syllables)
- D. नरे नर्याय नृतमाय नृणां náre náryāya nŕ̥tamāya nr̥ṇā́m (12 syllables)
तस्मै (tásmai)
to him
अग्निः (agníḥ)
Agni (fire god)
भारत (bhā́rataḥ)
bearer, sustainer
शर्म (śárma)
shelter, protection, happiness
यंसत् (yaṃsat)
may grant, may bestow
ज्योक् (jyók)
long
पश्यात् (paśyāt)
may see
सूर्यम् (sū́ryam)
the sun
उच्चरन्तम् (uccárantam)
rising, ascending
य (yáḥ)
who
इन्द्राय (índrāya)
for Indra
सुवामे (sunávāma)
let us press
इति (íti)
thus, so
आह (ā́ha)
said
नरे (náre)
to the man
नर्याय (náryāya)
to the heroic man
नृतमाय (nŕ̥tamāya)
to the most heroic
नृणां (nr̥ṇā́m)
of men
Stanza 4.25.5
न तं जि॑नन्ति ब॒हवो॒ न द॒भ्रा उ॒र्व॑स्मा॒ अदि॑तिः॒ शर्म॑ यंसत् | प्रि॒यः सु॒कृत्प्रि॒य इन्द्रे॑ मना॒युः प्रि॒यः सु॑प्रा॒वीः प्रि॒यो अ॑स्य सो॒मी ||
ná táṁ jinanti bahávo ná dabhrā́ urv àsmā áditiḥ śárma yaṁsat priyáḥ sukŕ̥t priyá índre manāyúḥ priyáḥ suprāvī́ḥ priyó asya somī́
Not few, nor many, can conquer him. Aditi will grant him spacious protection. He is dear to Indra, the pious one, the devoted one, dear to the one who desires and to the Soma-offerer.
This verse asserts the strength and invincibility of the person who is devoted to Indra. It declares that neither a few nor many can overcome him, and that Aditi will provide him with ample protection. He is beloved by Indra because he is pious, devoted, and a fervent offerer of Soma.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. न तं जिनन्ति बहवो न दभ्राः ná tám jinanti bahávaḥ ná dabhrā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- B. उर्व अस्मै अदितिः शर्म यंसत् urú asmai áditiḥ śárma yaṃsat (11 syllables)
- C. प्रियः सुकृत् प्रियः इन्द्रे मनायुः priyáḥ sukŕ̥t priyáḥ índre manāyúḥ (11 syllables)
- D. प्रियः सुप्रावीः प्रियः अस्य सोमी priyáḥ suprāvī́ḥ priyáḥ asya somī́ (11 syllables)
न (ná)
not
तं (tám)
him
जिनन्ति (jinanti)
conquer, overcome
बहवो (bahávaḥ)
many
न (ná)
not
दभ्राः (dabhrā́ḥ)
few
उर्व (urú)
wide, spacious
अस्मै (asmai)
to him
अदितिः (áditiḥ)
Aditi (goddess of the boundless)
शर्म (śárma)
shelter, protection
यंसत् (yaṃsat)
may grant, may bestow
प्रियः (priyáḥ)
dear, beloved
सुकृत् (sukŕ̥t)
pious, well-doing
प्रियः (priyáḥ)
dear, beloved
इन्द्रे (índre)
in Indra
मनायुः (manāyúḥ)
devoted, eager
प्रियः (priyáḥ)
dear, beloved
सुप्रावीः (suprāvī́ḥ)
one who desires well, one who urges
प्रियः (priyáḥ)
dear, beloved
अस्य (asya)
his
सोमी (somī́)
Soma-presser, Soma-offerer
Stanza 4.25.6
सु॒प्रा॒व्यः॑ प्राशु॒षाळे॒ष वी॒रः सुष्वेः॑ प॒क्तिं कृ॑णुते॒ केव॒लेन्द्रः॑ | नासु॑ष्वेरा॒पिर्न सखा॒ न जा॒मिर्दु॑ष्प्रा॒व्यो॑ऽवह॒न्तेदवा॑चः ||
suprāvyàḥ prāśuṣā́ḷ eṣá vīráḥ súṣveḥ paktíṁ kr̥ṇute kévaléndraḥ nā́suṣver āpír ná sákhā ná jāmír duṣprāvyò 'vahantéd ávācaḥ
This hero controls the powerful and the eager. Indra alone possesses the pressed offering of the Soma-presser. Not with the one who does not press, not with his kin or friend. He is the sole guardian of the oblation; he crushes the unoffering.
This verse praises Indra as a powerful hero who controls the mighty and the zealous. It states that Indra exclusively possesses the offerings of the one who presses Soma. He is not allied with those who do not offer Soma, nor with their kin or friends. Indra destroys and conquers those who oppose him, especially the silent or voiceless ones.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सुप्राव्यः प्राषुषाट् एष वीरः suprāvyàḥ prāśuṣā́ṭ eṣá vīráḥ (11 syllables)
- B. सुष्वेः पक्तिं कृणुते केवले इन्द्रः súṣveḥ paktím kr̥ṇute kévalā índraḥ (11 syllables)
- C. न असुष्वेः आपिः न सखा न जामिः ná ásuṣveḥ āpíḥ ná sákhā ná jāmíḥ (11 syllables)
- D. दुष्प्राव्यः अवहाँ इत् अवाचः duṣprāvyàḥ avahantā́ ít ávācaḥ (11 syllables)
सुप्राव्यः (suprāvyàḥ)
of the one who urges or desires well
प्राषुषाट् (prāśuṣā́ṭ)
curber of the mighty
एष (eṣá)
this
वीरः (vīráḥ)
hero
सुष्वेः (súṣveḥ)
of the Soma-presser
पक्तिं (paktím)
offering, oblations
कृणुते (kr̥ṇute)
makes, prepares
केवले (kévalā)
solely, exclusively
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
न (ná)
not
असुष्वेः (ásuṣveḥ)
of the one who does not press Soma
आपिः (āpíḥ)
relative, kin
न (ná)
not
सखा (sákhā)
friend
न (ná)
not
जामिः (jāmíḥ)
kinsman, related person
दुष्प्राव्यः (duṣprāvyàḥ)
hard to urge or please
अवहाँ (avahantā́)
destroyer, crusher
इत् (ít)
indeed, truly
अवाचः (ávācaḥ)
speaking not, silent ones, opponents
Stanza 4.25.7
न रे॒वता॑ प॒णिना॑ स॒ख्यमिन्द्रोऽसु॑न्वता सुत॒पाः सं गृ॑णीते | आस्य॒ वेदः॑ खि॒दति॒ हन्ति॑ न॒ग्नं वि सुष्व॑ये प॒क्तये॒ केव॑लो भूत् ||
ná revátā paṇínā sakhyám índró 'sunvatā sutapā́ḥ sáṁ gr̥ṇīte ā́sya védaḥ khidáti hánti nagnáṁ ví súṣvaye paktáye kévalo bhūt
Indra does not ally with the wealthy but non-offering person. Indra, the drinker of pressed Soma, takes away his wealth and destroys him. He is the sole guardian for the one who presses Soma; he becomes his friend.
This verse contrasts those who offer Soma with those who do not. It states that Indra does not ally himself with the wealthy but non-offering 'churl' (Paṇi). Instead, Indra, the drinker of Soma, takes away the wealth of such a person and destroys him. For the one who properly presses and offers Soma, Indra is a close friend and protector.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. न रेव.ता पणिन सख्यं इन्द्रः ná revátā paṇínā sakhyám índraḥ (11 syllables)
- B. असुन्वता सुतपाः सं गृणीते ásunvatā sutapā́ḥ sám gr̥ṇīte (11 syllables)
- C. आ आस्य वेदः खिदति हन्ति नग्नं ā́ asya védaḥ khidáti hánti nagnám (11 syllables)
- D. वि सुष्वये पक्तये केवलः भूत ví súṣvaye paktáye kévalaḥ bhūt (11 syllables)
न (ná)
not
रेव.ता (revátā)
with the wealthy
पणिन (paṇínā)
with the miser, the churl
सख्यं (sakhyám)
friendship
इन्द्रः (índraḥ)
Indra
असुन्वता (ásunvatā)
with the one who does not press Soma
सुतपाः (sutapā́ḥ)
drinker of pressed Soma
सं (sám)
together, with
गृणीते (gr̥ṇīte)
sings, praises, allies
आ (ā́)
towards, upon
आस्य (asya)
his
वेदः (védaḥ)
wealth
खिदति (khidáti)
takes away, removes
हन्ति (hánti)
kills, destroys
नग्नं (nagnám)
naked
वि (ví)
apart, away
सुष्वये (súṣvaye)
for the Soma-presser
पक्तये (paktáye)
for the offering
केवलः (kévalaḥ)
sole, alone
भूत (bhūt)
became, is
Stanza 4.25.8
इन्द्रं॒ परेऽव॑रे मध्य॒मास॒ इन्द्रं॒ यान्तोऽव॑सितास॒ इन्द्र॑म् | इन्द्रं॑ क्षि॒यन्त॑ उ॒त युध्य॑माना॒ इन्द्रं॒ नरो॑ वाज॒यन्तो॑ हवन्ते ||
índram páré 'vare madhyamā́sa índraṁ yā́ntó 'vasitāsa índram índraṁ kṣiyánta utá yúdhyamānā índraṁ náro vājayánto havante
Men of the highest and lowest stations, and those in between, traveling, residing, fighting, and those seeking victory – all these call upon Indra.
This verse lists the various groups of people who invoke Indra. Whether they are in the highest or lowest social strata, in between, traveling, residing, or fighting, or actively seeking victory and prosperity, all these people call upon Indra for aid and support.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इन्द्रं परे अदरे मध्यमासः índram páre ávare madhyamā́saḥ (11 syllables)
- B. इन्द्रं यान्तः अवसितासः इन्द्रं índram yā́ntaḥ ávasitāsaḥ índram (11 syllables)
- C. इन्द्रं क्षियन्तः उत युध्यमानाः índram kṣiyántaḥ utá yúdhyamānāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. इन्द्रं नरः वाजायन्तः हवन्ते índram náraḥ vājayántaḥ havante (11 syllables)
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
परे (páre)
highest, upper
अदरे (ávare)
lowest, lower
मध्यमासः (madhyamā́saḥ)
middle ones
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
यान्तः (yā́ntaḥ)
going, traveling
अवसितासः (ávasitāsaḥ)
residing, dwelling
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
क्षियन्तः (kṣiyántaḥ)
dwelling, living
उत (utá)
and
युध्यमानाः (yúdhyamānāḥ)
fighting
इन्द्रं (índram)
Indra
नरः (náraḥ)
men
वाजायन्तः (vājayántaḥ)
seeking victory, eager for strength
हवन्ते (havante)
call, invoke