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Stanza 3.5.1
प्रत्य॒ग्निरु॒षस॒श्चेकि॑ता॒नोऽबो॑धि॒ विप्रः॑ पद॒वीः क॑वी॒नाम् | पृ॒थु॒पाजा॑ देव॒यद्भिः॒ समि॒द्धोऽप॒ द्वारा॒ तम॑सो॒ वह्नि॑रावः ||
práty agnír uṣásaś cékitānó 'bodhi vípraḥ padavī́ḥ kavīnā́m pr̥thupā́jā devayádbhiḥ sámiddhó 'pa dvā́rā támaso váhnir āvaḥ
Agni, the radiant one, has awakened, facing the dawns! He's the wise one, the path for the poets. With his wide-reaching brilliance, kindled by those who worship, the divine priest has thrown open the doors of darkness.
This stanza describes the dawn and the awakening of Agni, the fire god. Agni is depicted as a wise and radiant being, whose arrival signals the end of darkness and the beginning of a new day. His brilliance is seen as a guiding light for poets and sages, and he is ready to open the doors to the new day, dispelling the night.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्रत्य् अग्निः उषसः चेकितानो práti agníḥ uṣásaḥ cékitānaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. अबोधि विप्रः पदवीः कवीनाम् ábodhi vípraḥ padavī́ḥ kavīnā́m (11 syllables)
- C. पृुपाजा | समिद्धो pr̥thupā́jāḥ devayádbhiḥ sámiddhaḥ (11 syllables)
- D. अप द्वारा तमसो वह्निः आवः ápa dvā́rā támasaḥ váhniḥ āvar (11 syllables)
प्रत्य् (práti)
facing
अग्निः (agníḥ)
fire god
उषसः (uṣásaḥ)
dawns
चेकितानो (cékitānaḥ)
aware, shining
अबोधि (ábodhi)
awoke
विप्रः (vípraḥ)
wise one, poet
पदवीः (padavī́ḥ)
path, footsteps
कवीनाम् (kavīnā́m)
of the poets
पृुपाजा (pr̥thupā́jāḥ)
with wide brilliance
| (devayádbhiḥ)
by those who worship
समिद्धो (sámiddhaḥ)
kindled
अप (ápa)
away
द्वारा (dvā́rā)
doors
तमसो (támasaḥ)
of darkness
वह्निः (váhniḥ)
carrier, priest
आवः (āvar)
opened
Stanza 3.5.2
प्रेद्व॒ग्निर्वा॑वृधे॒ स्तोमे॑भिर्गी॒र्भिः स्तो॑तॄ॒णां न॑म॒स्य॑ उ॒क्थैः | पू॒र्वीर्ऋ॒तस्य॑ सं॒दृश॑श्चका॒नः सं दू॒तो अ॑द्यौदु॒षसो॑ विरो॒के ||
préd v agnír vāvr̥dhe stómebhir gīrbhí stotr̥r̥ṇā́ṁ namasyà ukthaíḥ pūrvī́r r̥tásya saṁdŕ̥śaś cakānáḥ sáṁ dūtó adyaud uṣáso viroké
Agni has grown mighty through our praises and hymns sung by those who adore him! As the embodiment of cosmic order, he shines brightly at the first light of dawn, a messenger ready to appear.
Agni's growing power is celebrated here, fueled by hymns and praises from his worshippers. He is seen as a delightful and adorable presence, embodying the essence of cosmic order ('rita'). As the dawn breaks, Agni appears as a shining messenger, bridging the divine and human realms.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. प्रे द्व ग् निर् | वावृधे prá ít u agníḥ vāvr̥dhe stómebhiḥ (11 syllables)
- B. स्तोमेभिर्गी र्भिः स्तो तृ णां नम gīrbhíḥ stotr̥̄ṇā́m namasyàḥ ukthaíḥ (12 syllables)
- C. स्य उक्थैः पू र्वी | pūrvī́ḥ r̥tásya saṃdŕ̥śaḥ cakānáḥ (11 syllables)
- D. ऋतस्य सं दृश चका नः संदूतो sám dūtáḥ adyaut uṣásaḥ viroké (11 syllables)
प्रे (prá)
forward
द्व (ít)
indeed
ग् (u)
and
निर् (agníḥ)
fire god
| (vāvr̥dhe)
has grown
वावृधे (stómebhiḥ)
with praises
स्तोमेभिर्गी (gīrbhíḥ)
with hymns
र्भिः स्तो (stotr̥̄ṇā́m)
of the praisers
तृ (namasyàḥ)
adorable one
णां नम (ukthaíḥ)
with praises
स्य (pūrvī́ḥ)
many
उक्थैः पू (r̥tásya)
of the cosmic order
र्वी (saṃdŕ̥śaḥ)
manifestations
| (cakānáḥ)
shining
ऋतस्य (sám)
together
सं (dūtáḥ)
messenger
दृश (adyaut)
shone
चका (uṣásaḥ)
of the dawn
नः संदूतो (viroké)
in the expanse
Stanza 3.5.3
अधा॑य्य॒ग्निर्मानु॑षीषु वि॒क्ष्व१॒॑पां गर्भो॑ मि॒त्र ऋ॒तेन॒ साध॑न् | आ ह॑र्य॒तो य॑ज॒तः सान्व॑स्था॒दभू॑दु॒ विप्रो॒ हव्यो॑ मती॒नाम् ||
ádhāyy agnír mā́nuṣīṣu vikṣv àpā́ṁ gárbho mitrá r̥téna sā́dhan ā́ haryató yajatáḥ sā́nv asthād ábhūd u vípro hávyo matīnā́m
Agni has been established among the people, the child of waters, our friend! He acts according to the right order, has ascended to the highest place, and is now the priest worthy of our devotion.
This verse establishes Agni's presence among human communities, highlighting his role as the "son of the waters" and a "friend" ('Mitra'). He operates in accordance with cosmic law ('rita'), has reached a high position, and is now recognized as a worthy recipient of prayers and offerings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. अधा य्यग्नि र्मानु षी ádhāyi agníḥ mā́nuṣīṣu vikṣú (11 syllables)
- B. | | | | | apā́m gárbhaḥ mitráḥ r̥téna sā́dhan (11 syllables)
- C. | | | | | ā́ haryatáḥ yajatáḥ sā́nu asthāt (11 syllables)
- D. | | | | | ábhūt u vípraḥ hávyaḥ matīnā́m (11 syllables)
अधा (ádhāyi)
was established
य्यग्नि (agníḥ)
fire god
र्मानु (mā́nuṣīṣu)
among humans
षी (vikṣú)
tribes, people
| (apā́m)
of the waters
| (gárbhaḥ)
embryo, child
| (mitráḥ)
friend
| (r̥téna)
by the cosmic order
| (sā́dhan)
achieving, acting
| (ā́)
up
| (haryatáḥ)
delightful
| (yajatáḥ)
worshipful
| (sā́nu)
summit, highest place
| (asthāt)
ascended
| (ábhūt)
became
| (u)
and
| (vípraḥ)
wise one
| (hávyaḥ)
worthy of offerings
| (matīnā́m)
of prayers
Stanza 3.5.4
मि॒त्रो अ॒ग्निर्भ॑वति॒ यत्समि॑द्धो मि॒त्रो होता॒ वरु॑णो जा॒तवे॑दाः | मि॒त्रो अ॑ध्व॒र्युरि॑षि॒रो दमू॑ना मि॒त्रः सिन्धू॑नामु॒त पर्व॑तानाम् ||
mitró agnír bhavati yát sámiddho mitró hótā váruṇo jātávedāḥ mitró adhvaryúr iṣiró dámūnā mitráḥ síndhūnām utá párvatānām
When kindled, Agni becomes Mitra, the priest, Varuna, and the one who knows all. He is Mitra, the swift officiant, the home-friend, and the friend of rivers and mountains.
Agni is portrayed here in various divine roles, acting as Mitra (friend/ally), the Hotri (offering priest), Varuna (a supreme deity), and Jata-vedas (knower of all births). He is also seen as the Adhvaryu (officiating priest) and a household companion ('damuna'). This highlights Agni's multifaceted nature and his connection to natural forces like rivers and mountains.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. | अग्निर् भवति यत् समिद्धो mitráḥ agníḥ bhavati yát sámiddhaḥ (11 syllables)
- B. | होता वरुणो जा | mitráḥ hótā váruṇaḥ jātávedāḥ (11 syllables)
- C. | | | | mitráḥ adhvaryúḥ iṣiráḥ dámūnāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. | | | | mitráḥ síndhūnām utá párvatānām (11 syllables)
| (mitráḥ)
friend
अग्निर् (agníḥ)
fire god
भवति (bhavati)
becomes
यत् (yát)
when
समिद्धो (sámiddhaḥ)
kindled
| (mitráḥ)
friend
होता (hótā)
offering priest
वरुणो (váruṇaḥ)
Varuna
जा | (jātávedāḥ)
knower of all
| (mitráḥ)
friend
| (adhvaryúḥ)
officiating priest
| (iṣiráḥ)
active, swift
| (dámūnāḥ)
household companion
| (mitráḥ)
friend
| (síndhūnām)
of rivers
| (utá)
and
| (párvatānām)
of mountains
Stanza 3.5.5
पाति॑ प्रि॒यं रि॒पो अग्रं॑ प॒दं वेः पाति॑ य॒ह्वश्चर॑णं॒ सूर्य॑स्य | पाति॒ नाभा॑ स॒प्तशी॑र्षाणम॒ग्निः पाति॑ दे॒वाना॑मुप॒माद॑मृ॒ष्वः ||
pā́ti priyáṁ ripó ágram padáṁ véḥ pā́ti yahváś cáraṇaṁ sū́ryasya pā́ti nā́bhā saptáśīrṣāṇam agníḥ pā́ti devā́nām upamā́dam r̥ṣváḥ
He protects the precious place of the earth and the bird's footprint. The mighty one watches the sun's path. Agni guards the seven-headed entity at the center, protecting the gods' enjoyment.
Agni is depicted as a protector, guarding various significant elements. He watches over the 'dear place' of the earth and the 'footstep' of the celestial bird (likely a metaphor for the sun or dawn). He also guards the 'course of the sun' and, at the 'center' (navel), the mysterious "seven-headed" entity. He ultimately protects the gods' enjoyment and blessings.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. | प्रियं रिपो | | | pā́ti priyám ripáḥ ágram padám véḥ (11 syllables)
- B. | | | | pā́ti yahváḥ cáraṇam sū́ryasya (11 syllables)
- C. | | | | pā́ti nā́bhā saptáśīrṣāṇam agníḥ (11 syllables)
- D. | | | | pā́ti devā́nām upamā́dam r̥ṣváḥ (11 syllables)
| (pā́ti)
protects
प्रियं (priyám)
dear
रिपो (ripáḥ)
of the earth
| (ágram)
highest point
| (padám)
place, step
| (véḥ)
of the bird
| (pā́ti)
protects
| (yahváḥ)
mighty
| (cáraṇam)
course, path
| (sū́ryasya)
of the sun
| (pā́ti)
protects
| (nā́bhā)
at the center
| (saptáśīrṣāṇam)
seven-headed
| (agníḥ)
fire god
| (pā́ti)
protects
| (devā́nām)
of the gods
| (upamā́dam)
enjoyment
| (r̥ṣváḥ)
tall, sublime
Stanza 3.5.6
ऋ॒भुश्च॑क्र॒ ईड्यं॒ चारु॒ नाम॒ विश्वा॑नि दे॒वो व॒युना॑नि वि॒द्वान् | स॒सस्य॒ चर्म॑ घृ॒तव॑त्प॒दं वेस्तदिद॒ग्नी र॑क्ष॒त्यप्र॑युच्छन् ||
r̥bhúś cakra ī́ḍyaṁ cā́ru nā́ma víśvāni devó vayúnāni vidvā́n sasásya cárma ghr̥távat padáṁ vés tád íd agnī́ rakṣaty áprayuchan
The skilled artisan, Ribhu, created a wonderful name for himself; the knowing god crafted all things. Agni carefully guards the nourishing skin of plants, the ghee-filled place of the bird, and its footprint.
The skillful divine artisan, Ribhu, is credited with creating a beautiful and worthy form for himself. Agni, the wise god, knows all things and diligently guards certain vital elements: the 'skin of herbs' (perhaps signifying plant life or energy), a 'ghee-rich place' associated with the bird (sun/dawn), and the divine path.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. ऋभु | | | | r̥bhúḥ cakre ī́ḍyam cā́ru nā́ma (11 syllables)
- B. | | | | víśvāni deváḥ vayúnāni vidvā́n (11 syllables)
- C. | | | | | sasásya cárma ghr̥távat padám véḥ (11 syllables)
- D. | | | | | tát ít agníḥ rakṣati áprayuchan (11 syllables)
ऋभु (r̥bhúḥ)
Ribhu (skilled artisan)
| (cakre)
created
| (ī́ḍyam)
worthy of praise
| (cā́ru)
beautiful
| (nā́ma)
name
| (víśvāni)
all
| (deváḥ)
god
| (vayúnāni)
forms, knowledge
| (vidvā́n)
knowing
| (sasásya)
of the plant/grass
| (cárma)
skin, covering
| (ghr̥távat)
rich in ghee
| (padám)
place, footstep
| (véḥ)
of the bird
| (tát)
that
| (ít)
indeed
| (agníḥ)
fire god
| (rakṣati)
guards
| (áprayuchan)
never failing
Stanza 3.5.7
आ योनि॑म॒ग्निर्घृ॒तव॑न्तमस्थात्पृ॒थुप्र॑गाणमु॒शन्त॑मुशा॒नः | दीद्या॑नः॒ शुचि॑र्ऋ॒ष्वः पा॑व॒कः पुनः॑पुनर्मा॒तरा॒ नव्य॑सी कः ||
ā́ yónim agnír ghr̥távantam asthāt pr̥thúpragāṇam uśántam uśānáḥ dī́dyānaḥ śúcir r̥ṣváḥ pāvakáḥ púnaḥ-punar mātárā návyasī kaḥ
Agni has entered the altar, rich with ghee and welcoming, and he longs for it. Radiant, pure, and purifying, he repeatedly renews his "mothers" (sources of fire).
Agni enters the sacred altar ('yoni'), described as rich with ghee and spacious, a place that longs for him, and he longs for it. He is radiant, pure, powerful, and purifying. In a cyclical process, he repeatedly renews his 'mothers' (likely the fire-sticks or the fire itself), symbolizing continuous rebirth and energy.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. आ योनि | | | ā́ yónim agníḥ ghr̥távantam asthāt (11 syllables)
- B. | | | pr̥thúpragāṇam uśántam uśānáḥ (11 syllables)
- C. | | | | dī́dyānaḥ śúciḥ r̥ṣváḥ pāvakáḥ (11 syllables)
- D. | | | | púnaḥ-punar mātárā návyasī kar (11 syllables)
आ (ā́)
towards
योनि (yónim)
abode, altar
| (agníḥ)
fire god
| (ghr̥távantam)
rich with ghee
| (asthāt)
entered, stood
| (pr̥thúpragāṇam)
with wide passages
| (uśántam)
longing
| (uśānáḥ)
longing
| (dī́dyānaḥ)
shining
| (śúciḥ)
pure
| (r̥ṣváḥ)
tall, sublime
| (pāvakáḥ)
purifying
| (púnaḥ-punar)
again and again
| (mātárā)
mothers
| (návyasī)
new
| (kar)
makes
Stanza 3.5.8
स॒द्यो जा॒त ओष॑धीभिर्ववक्षे॒ यदी॒ वर्ध॑न्ति प्र॒स्वो॑ घृ॒तेन॑ | आप॑ इव प्र॒वता॒ शुम्भ॑माना उरु॒ष्यद॒ग्निः पि॒त्रोरु॒पस्थे॑ ||
sadyó jātá óṣadhībhir vavakṣe yádī várdhanti prasvò ghr̥téna ā́pa iva pravátā śúmbhamānā uruṣyád agníḥ pitrór upásthe
From birth, Agni grows strong with plants and ghee. Beautiful like rushing waters, he, dwelling in his parents' embrace, protects us and expands.
From the moment of his birth, Agni grows powerful, nurtured by plants and enriched with ghee. Like rushing waters, he is radiant and beautiful. The stanza concludes with a plea for Agni, residing in the "lap of his parents" (likely the sky and earth, or the fire-sticks), to protect us and expand into wide space.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. सद्यो जात | | sadyás jātáḥ óṣadhībhiḥ vavakṣe (11 syllables)
- B. | | | | yádi + várdhanti prasvàḥ ghr̥téna (11 syllables)
- C. | | | | ā́paḥ iva pravátā śúmbhamānāḥ (11 syllables)
- D. | | | | uruṣyát agníḥ pitróḥ upásthe (11 syllables)
सद्यो (sadyás)
immediately
जात (jātáḥ)
born
| (óṣadhībhiḥ)
by plants
| (vavakṣe)
has grown
| (yádi +)
when
| (várdhanti)
grow
| (prasvàḥ)
sprouts
| (ghr̥téna)
with ghee
| (ā́paḥ)
waters
| (iva)
like
| (pravátā)
on a downward path
| (śúmbhamānāḥ)
shining beautifully
| (uruṣyát)
protects
| (agníḥ)
fire god
| (pitróḥ)
of the parents
| (upásthe)
in the lap
Stanza 3.5.9
उदु॑ ष्टु॒तः स॒मिधा॑ य॒ह्वो अ॑द्यौ॒द्वर्ष्म॑न्दि॒वो अधि॒ नाभा॑ पृथि॒व्याः | मि॒त्रो अ॒ग्निरीड्यो॑ मात॒रिश्वा दू॒तो व॑क्षद्य॒जथा॑य दे॒वान् ||
úd u ṣṭutáḥ samídhā yahvó adyaud várṣman divó ádhi nā́bhā pr̥thivyā́ḥ mitró agnír ī́ḍyo mātaríśvā́ dūtó vakṣad yajáthāya devā́n
Praised and fueled, the mighty Agni shines from heaven's height to earth's core. May Agni, the friend and messenger Matarisvan, bring the gods for our sacrifice.
Praised and fueled, the powerful Agni shines brightly from the heights of heaven down to the earth's center. The stanza invokes Agni, who is also Mitra and Matarisvan, to act as a divine messenger, bringing the gods to receive the offered sacrifice.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उदु | | | | | út u stutáḥ samídhā yahváḥ adyaut (11 syllables)
- B. | | | | | várṣman diváḥ ádhi nā́bhā pr̥thivyā́ḥ (11 syllables)
- C. | | | | mitráḥ agníḥ ī́ḍyaḥ mātaríśvā (11 syllables)
- D. | | | | | ā́ dūtáḥ vakṣat yajáthāya devā́n (11 syllables)
उदु (út)
up
| (u)
and
| (stutáḥ)
praised
| (samídhā)
with fuel
| (yahváḥ)
mighty one
| (adyaut)
shone
| (várṣman)
height
| (diváḥ)
of heaven
| (ádhi)
upon
| (nā́bhā)
at the center
| (pr̥thivyā́ḥ)
of the earth
| (mitráḥ)
friend
| (agníḥ)
fire god
| (ī́ḍyaḥ)
adorable
| (mātaríśvā)
Matarisvan (wind god)
| (ā́)
hither
| (dūtáḥ)
messenger
| (vakṣat)
may carry
| (yajáthāya)
for the sacrifice
| (devā́n)
gods
Stanza 3.5.10
उद॑स्तम्भीत्स॒मिधा॒ नाक॑मृ॒ष्वो॒३॒॑ऽग्निर्भव॑न्नुत्त॒मो रो॑च॒नाना॑म् | यदी॒ भृगु॑भ्यः॒ परि॑ मात॒रिश्वा॒ गुहा॒ सन्तं॑ हव्य॒वाहं॑ समी॒धे ||
úd astambhīt samídhā nā́kam r̥ṣvò 'gnír bhávann uttamó rocanā́nām yádī bhŕ̥gubhyaḥ pári mātaríśvā gúhā sántaṁ havyavā́haṁ samīdhé
The mighty Agni, highest of lights, supported the sky with fuel. Matarisvan, for the Bhrigus, ignited the hidden carrier of offerings.
The powerful Agni, supreme among lights, is described as having upheld the sky with his brilliance, fueled by offerings. It also mentions Matarisvan, who, for the sake of the Bhrigu clan, ignited Agni when he was hidden away, signifying Agni's hidden potential and the divine intervention that brings it forth.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. उद | | | | út astambhīt samídhā nā́kam r̥ṣváḥ (11 syllables)
- B. | | | | agníḥ bhávan uttamáḥ rocanā́nām (11 syllables)
- C. | | | | yádi + bhŕ̥gubhyaḥ pári mātaríśvā (11 syllables)
- D. | | | | gúhā sántam havyavā́ham samīdhé (11 syllables)
उद (út)
upwards
| (astambhīt)
supported
| (samídhā)
with fuel
| (nā́kam)
sky
| (r̥ṣváḥ)
mighty
| (agníḥ)
fire god
| (bhávan)
becoming
| (uttamáḥ)
highest
| (rocanā́nām)
of lights
| (yádi +)
when
| (bhŕ̥gubhyaḥ)
for the Bhrigus
| (pári)
around
| (mātaríśvā)
Matarisvan
| (gúhā)
in secret
| (sántam)
dwelling
| (havyavā́ham)
carrier of offerings
| (samīdhé)
kindled
Stanza 3.5.11
इळा॑मग्ने पुरु॒दंसं॑ स॒निं गोः श॑श्वत्त॒मं हव॑मानाय साध | स्यान्नः॑ सू॒नुस्तन॑यो वि॒जावाग्ने॒ सा ते॑ सुम॒तिर्भू॑त्व॒स्मे ||
íḷām agne purudáṁsaṁ saníṁ góḥ śaśvattamáṁ hávamānāya sādha syā́n naḥ sūnús tánayo vijā́vā́gne sā́ te sumatír bhūtv asmé
Agni, grant us abundance, cattle wealth, and lasting gifts! May we have a virtuous son and descendants. Agni, may your favor be upon us.
This verse is a prayer for blessings from Agni. The worshipper asks Agni to grant them abundant wealth, particularly cattle ('go'), and lasting gifts. They also pray for a virtuous son and progeny. The stanza concludes with a plea for Agni's favorable disposition and grace towards them.
Meter: Tristubh
- A. इळा | | | | íḷām agne purudáṃsam saním góḥ (11 syllables)
- B. | | | śaśvattamám hávamānāya sādha (11 syllables)
- C. | | | | | syā́t naḥ sūnúḥ tánayaḥ vijā́vā (11 syllables)
- D. | | | | | | ágne sā́ te sumatíḥ bhūtu asmé (11 syllables)
इळा (íḷām)
nourishment, wealth
| (agne)
O Agni
| (purudáṃsam)
rich in many deeds
| (saním)
wealth
| (góḥ)
of cattle
| (śaśvattamám)
most constant
| (hávamānāya)
to the one who calls
| (sādha)
grant
| (syā́t)
may be
| (naḥ)
to us
| (sūnúḥ)
son
| (tánayaḥ)
offspring
| (vijā́vā)
vigorous
| (ágne)
O Agni
| (sā́)
that
| (te)
your
| (sumatíḥ)
good will, favor
| (bhūtu)
may be
| (asmé)
to us